超龄服役不乏其人，年轻高管凤毛麟角，普遍年纪偏大的央企管理团队，是现实的需要还是后继乏人？ There is no lack of service over age person,Young executives rare breed,Common age partial big renmin management team,Is the need of reality or the lack?

　　撰文｜本刊记者 刘青山

This reporter LiuQingShan | articles

　　

背景 background

　　高管作为人力资本中的最高形态，是企业中最具有根植性的资源。由于高管的人力资本价值在企业中体现得较为明显，从这个角度来研究企业的经营绩效，显然具有重要意义。高管团队是企业发展的重要灵魂，年龄则是决定其管理水平的因素之一。2012年12月召开的央企负责人会上，国务院国资委主任王勇不无担忧地表示：“现在70后已经年过不惑，但还很难在企业领导班子中见到他们的身影。”他建议，央企应该加大对干部年轻化工作的重视力度，“进一步加强企业领导班子建设，推进竞争性选拔工作，优化企业领班子结构。”

Executives as the highest form of human capital,Is the enterprise most to have the embeddedness of resources.Due to the senior managers in the enterprise human capital value reflected in are more obvious,From this Angle to study the management of the enterprise performance,Obviously has the important meaning.Executive team is the enterprise development important soul,Age is decided to its management level of one of the factors.In December 2012 the renmin held the meeting,The sasac of the state council director wang yong not worry that:"Now has 70 over their needs,But it is hard to see in the enterprise leadership they figure."He suggested that,Renmin should intensify the younger cadres emphasis on strength,"To further strengthen the construction of enterprise leadership,Promote competitive selection,Optimize enterprise boss substructure."

　　为让读者全面了解央企高管的年龄构成，《国企》详细调查了116家央企的高管简历。其中，除中国华孚、华诚投资网站无法登陆外，其余114家所有高管均列入统计，共获取样本总量1051人。通过查阅企业官网、上市公司年报等渠道，《国企》获知了其中794人的年龄信息，超过央企高管总量的75%。可以说，这是近年来，媒体针对央企高管年龄所做的一次最为全面的调查。

In order to let the readers to fully understand the age composition of the renmin executives,[State-owned enterprises]Detailed investigation of the 116 renmin executives resume.the,In addition to China HuaFu/HuaCheng investment website can't landing outside,The rest of the 114 executives are all included in the statistics,A total of 1051 people for sample amount.By looking at the enterprise's official website/The channel such as corporate annual reports,[State-owned enterprises]Get the 794 of them age information,More than 75% of the total renmin executives.Can say,This is in recent years,According to media executives do renmin age a the most comprehensive survey.

　　

央企高管年龄概况 Renmin executives age profile

　　日前，48岁的马云卸任阿里巴巴CEO一职，社会公众对谁能接棒马云普遍表示出了极大的好奇心。原因在于：过去几年阿里巴巴以传奇般的速度发展壮大，未来这传奇能否在继任者手中延续？相信马云脑海中也有着同样的疑问。

a,And, as a former CEO of alibaba ma,The social public to the who can meet great general ma show great curiosity.Reason is that:In the past few years alibaba to legendary speed development,In the future the legend in the hand can continue his successor?Believe that Mr Ma mind also has the same question.

　　不仅仅是马云，恐怕所有的企业负责人都面临着同样的困扰。民企如此，国企亦如是。

Ma is not only,I'm afraid all the responsible person of the enterprise are faced with the same problem.Corporation so,State-owned enterprises and so.

　　央企高管的年龄构成现状如何？且看《国企》杂志对此次调查的独家披露，从中或可一窥端倪。

Renmin executives the age composition of the situation?And see[State-owned enterprises]The magazine survey sole disclosure,It may see clue.

　　

总体印象：超龄服役者众，70后凤毛麟角 The overall impression:Over age the servicemen,After 70 rare

　　在《国企》此次对近800名央企高管的年龄大调查中，诸如外运长航、新兴际华、宝钢等企业的高管名单中，70后干部的身影已然涌现，但数量偏低。12名70后高管中，有企业副职5人，董秘4人，总会计师2人，总法律顾问1人。他们中多人进入高管团队的时间并不长，比如宝钢董秘陈缨就任现职不足半年。

in[State-owned enterprises]On the nearly 800 renmin executives age in the survey,Such as outbound changhang/Emerging border China/Such as baosteel enterprise executives list,After the figure of 70 cadres have emerged,But the low number.12 70 after the executive,A enterprise deputy five people,Dong secret four people,Chief accountant 2 people,General counsel 1 person.Among them many people into the senior team is not a long time,Such as baosteel dong ChenYing secret as insufficient present half a year.

　　其中值得一提的是外运长航董秘刘昌松。出生于1977年的刘昌松是《国企》所知的最年轻央企高管。然而他进入外运长航管理层却是在2009年1月。也就是说，他正式成为央企高管时仅有32岁。

Which is worth mentioning outbound changhang dong LiuChangSong secret.Born in 1977, is LiuChangSong[State-owned enterprises]Know the youngest renmin executives.However he entered the outbound changhang management is in January 2009.that,He officially became executives renmin only 32 years old.

　　44岁—48岁(1965?1969年出生)的为80人。多数是企业副职，也有中国商飞总经理贺东风、哈电集团总经理邹磊这样的例外。贺东风23岁毕业于吉林工业大学，获金属材料、经济管理双学士学位，34岁任航天科技七院院长(比照正厅级待遇)。2008年，42岁的他调任中国商飞任总经理助理，2012年接替升任董事长的金壮龙任总经理一职。

44 years old - and(1965?Born in 1969)For 80 people.Most is the enterprise deputy head,He also has the Chinese ShangFei general manager of dongfeng/Ha electric group general manager ZouLei such exceptions.Dongfeng 23 years old he from jilin university of technology,The metal materials/Economic management double bachelor's degree,34 as aerospace science and technology QiYuan dean(In the main hall class treatment).In 2008,,42, he transfer China ShangFei as assistant to the general manager,2012 take advancements of the chairman of the board JinZhuang dragon as a general manager.

　　137名48—50岁的央企高管中，企业“一把手”的身影开始增多。知名度较高的如中国兵器总经理张国清、中国三峡董事长曹广晶、中国商飞董事长金壮龙等。东航党组书记马须伦、南航集团党组书记谭万庚和中国电科党组书记樊友山亦在这个年龄段中。

137 and fifty years old - in renmin executives,enterprise"a"Figure began to accumulate.Awareness higher such as China weapons ZhangGuoQing general manager/China's three gorges CaoGuangJing chairman of the board of directors/China ShangFei chairman JinZhuang dragon, etc.China Eastern airlines secretary of the party group of the horse shall be Aaron/China southern airlines group party secretary TanWanGeng and Chinese electrical science party secretary in FanYouShan also at this age.

　　现年49岁的马须伦是一名注册会计师，以擅长财务管理闻名业内。曾经任职于民航总局、国航集团的马须伦，2008年与刘绍勇一起赴任东航，为当时遭遇资金困难的东航救火。东航集团上市平台东方航空2013年前三季度发布报告显示，尽管大环境不佳，东方航空前三季度仍实现了36亿元净利润。

The 49 years old horse shall Aaron is a certified public accountant,With good at financial management is famous for the industry.Once for the civil aviation administration of China/Air China group horse shall Aaron,In 2008 and LiuShaoYong together go to one's post China Eastern airlines,For the encounter financial difficulty of China Eastern airlines fire.China Eastern airlines group listed platform eastern airlines 2013 years ago by the third quarter report,Despite the poor environment,Eastern airlines the third quarter still achieved 3.6 billion yuan net profit.

　　51岁到55岁的为230人，56岁到60岁的为289人。这两个年龄段人数最多，结构亦较为均衡。其中包括一众明星企业高管如中航工业董事长林左鸣、中船集团董事长胡问鸣、宝钢集团董事长徐乐江、中粮集团董事长宁高宁，以及近年来所属企业风头正劲的中国建材董事长宋志平、新兴际华董事长刘明忠、中国黄金总经理孙兆学等。

51 years old to 55 years old for 230 people,56 to sixty years old for 289 people.The two largest number of age,Structure is more balanced.Including the star enterprise executives as chairman of the board of directors LinZuoMing catic industry/The Chinese group chairman hu asked singing/Baosteel group chairman of the board of directors XuLeJiang/Cofco NingGaoNing chairman of the board of directors,And in recent years its subordinate enterprises overshadowed by China building materials SongZhiPing chairman of the board of directors/Chairman of the board of directors LiuMingZhong emerging international China/General manager of the China gold SunZhaoXue, etc.

　　按照中组部和国资委下发的规定，央企领导班子成员退休年龄原则上为60岁。但实际上，由于种种原因可以放宽到63岁。统计发现，央企高管中超龄未退的，60岁到63岁的共有40人。

In accordance with the provisions of the CCCCP and the sasac issued,Renmin leadership members in retirement age is sixty years old.But in fact,For a variety of reasons can stretch to 63 years old.Statistics found that,In renmin executives over age not back,Sixty years old to 63 years old were forty people.

　　此外，64岁以上的有6人。这6人中，中冶科工的经天亮(68岁)、中煤能源的吴耀文(70岁)、煤炭科工的刘高倬(70岁)均为此前央企高管，退休后被国资委任命央企外部董事长，不适用于前述退休规定。国新公司董事长谢企华(70岁)系退休后返聘的特例。

In addition,More than 64 - year - old six people.Among the six,The JingTianLiang MCC science and industry(68 - year - old)/WuYaoWen coal energy(70 - year - old)/Coal science and industry of high Zhuo liu(70 - year - old)After all is renmin executives,After retirement was appointed chairman of the board of directors sasac renmin outside,The foregoing provisions shall not apply to retire.The new company xie qihua kingdom(70 - year - old)Is a special case of the restart after retirement.

　　今年64岁的招商银行行长马蔚华是最年长的央企副总。他曾因为最高年薪事件引发公众热议乃至质疑。年报显示，2011年马蔚华从招商银行领取了535万元报酬，居银行业第二。

This year 64 - year - old investment bank President MaWeiHua is the most senior vice-president renmin.Because he had the highest salary event trigger public hot discussion and question.Annual report shows that,In 2011 MaWeiHua from China merchants bank to receive 5.35 million yuan reward,In the banking.

　　通过此次调查，《国企》发现，总体说来，有些央企的高管团队呈现人员平均年龄偏大，老中青结合不到位的特点，比如中船重工、中国国电，平均年龄56岁左右，50岁以下的干部还没有进入高管团队；也有些企业人员平均年龄较小，结构相对合理，比如中国兵器、新兴际华，既有55岁以上的“老干部”，也有40多岁的年轻高管，平均年龄在50岁上下。

Through this survey,[State-owned enterprises]found,Generally speaking,Some senior teams renmin present personnel average to be older,Combined with the characteristics of LaoZhongQing does not reach the designated position,While the heavy industry such as/China guodian,The average age 56 years old,Fifty years old of the following cadres have not into the senior team;Also some enterprise personnel average age smaller,Structure relatively reasonable,Such as China weapons/Emerging border China,Both 55"Veteran cadre",Also have forties young executives,The average age in fifty years old up and down.

　　

职务分析：“一把手”最年长 总经理最年轻 Job analysis:"a"The most senior general manager the young

　　为统计方便，记者将央企高管分为四类。其一是董事长、未设董事会央企的总经理、局长、院长(即通常意义所说的“一把手”，其中相当一部分兼任企业党委书记或党组书记)，共106人；其二是专职党组(党委)书记，共32人；其三是设董事会央企聘任的总经理，48人；其四为副职，包括副董事长、副总经理、党委常委、党组成员，以及列入企业高管队伍的董秘、总师等职务，共609人。

Convenient for statistical,Reporters will renmin executives fall into four categories.One is the chairman of the board/Not a board of directors, general manager of the renmin/director/dean(That is usually what meaning"a",Among them were some part-time enterprise secretary of the party committee and secretary of the party),A total of 106 people;The second party is full-time(Party committee)secretary,A total of 32 people;The third was a board of directors appointed general manager of renmin,and;Fourth, deputy head,Including deputy chairman/Deputy general manager/Party committee standing committee/Party members,And included in the enterprise executive team of dong/The total teacher as their,A total of 609 people.

　　上述四类高管中，“一把手”的平均年龄最大，为57.11岁。其中，50岁以下的有12人，51-55岁以下的24名，56-60岁44人，61岁以上26名。

These four types of executives,"a"The average age of the maximum,For 57.11 years.the,Fifty years old of the following 12 people,51-55 years old the following 24,56 - years old of 44 people,More than 61 - year - old 26.

　　最年轻的“一把手”是47岁的上海贝尔董事长兼党委书记、总裁袁欣。2004年5月，年仅38岁的他被国务院国资委任命为上海贝尔董事长、党委书记。有趣的是，上海贝尔的官网上，公司高管仅有袁欣一人，这在114家可查询的央企中，是仅有的一例。其他企业的高管少辄2人(中农发展)，多的则达18人(中铁物资)。

The young"a"Shanghai bell 47 years old is chairman and secretary of the party committee/President YuanXin.In May 2004,Only and old he was the sasac of the state council appointed as chairman of the board of directors of Shanghai bell/Secretary of the party committee.Interesting is,Shanghai bell's official website,Executives YuanXin only one,In 114 can query the renmin,Is the only one.Other enterprise executives to less 2(Middle development),Many are up to and people(China railway materials).

　　专职党组(党委)书记的平均年龄为56.3岁；央企副职平均年龄为53.16岁。

Full-time party(Party committee)The average age of 56.3 years;Deputy renmin average age was 53.16 years.

　　设董事会企业的总经理平均年龄为53.08岁，在四类职位中最小。基于这一岗位的重要性和平均年龄现状，可以想象，目前担任这一职位的央企高管，未来的成长空间较为广阔。

A board of directors, general manager of the enterprise average age was 53.08 years,In the four kinds of positions minimum.Based on the importance of the position and the average age of the situation,Can imagine,Currently hold the position of renmin executives,The future growth of the space is relatively wide.

　　这一职位中，中农发展总经理郑清智以61岁成为最年长的总经理。中国电子总经理刘烈宏则以45岁居最年轻央企总经理之位。他也是目前唯一一个45岁以下担任企业正职领导的高管。刘烈宏先后在机械电子工业部、信息产业部研究所工作，35岁出任电子科技副总经理，40岁出任现职(2008年)。

In this position,The development of middle ZhengQingZhi general manager in 61 to become the most senior general manager.China's electronic general manager LiuLieHong the 45 years old in the youngest of renmin general manager position.He is also the only a 45 years old the following as the leadership of this enterprise executives.LiuLieHong successively in mechanical and electronic industry/The ministry of information industry research institute to work for,35 years old as electronic science and technology deputy general manager,Forty years old as present(In 2008,).

　　

行业差距：能源行业多“老骥” 科研创意赖新人 Industry gap:Energy industry more"The old horse" Research on new ideas

　　总体看，794名央企高管的平均年龄为53.83岁。但进一步分析表明，不同的行业、企业之间平均年龄差距明显。《国企》对高管信息披露较完全的企业进行初步对比，发现各企业之间高管年龄差距较大，行业之间也存在一定差距。总体看，53户中央企业的高管年龄达到了54.18岁，较其余中央企业略高。

On the whole,794 renmin executives at an average age of 53.83 years.But further analysis shows that,Different industry/The average age gap between enterprises significantly.[State-owned enterprises]Information disclosure to executives more complete enterprise preliminary comparison,Find the age gap between large enterprise executives,Industry also has certain gap between.On the whole,53 household central enterprise executives age reached 54.18 years,The rest of the central enterprises is slightly higher.

　　高管平均年龄最小的企业是上海贝尔，如前所说，该企业仅有一名高管，不具有可比性。除此之外，中国恒天5名高管的平均年龄为49.8岁。在记者调查的数据范围内，这是最为年轻的央企高管团队。在央企队伍中，中国恒天的知名度并不算高，即使央企内部人也有将其认为“中国航天”的误解。实际上，中国恒天是一家由纺织工业部所属企业组建而成的央企，业务包括机械、纺织、地产和投资三个板块，核心业务为纺织装备研发与设计。目前正在尝试进军文化创意产业。

The executive's average age of the youngest enterprise is Shanghai bell,As previously said,This enterprise is only a executives,Not comparable.In addition,China's constant day five executives at an average age of 49.8 years.At the press survey data range,This is the most young renmin executive team.In renmin team,China's constant day isn't high visibility,Even if the renmin insiders have thought"China's space"misunderstandings.In fact,China is a constant day by textile industry affiliated companies formed a renmin,Business including mechanical/textile/Real estate and investment three plate,The core business for textile equipment research and development and design.At present are trying to the cultural and creative industries.

　　此外，武汉邮科院、中国华录、新兴际华等企业高管平均年龄在央企阵营中也较小，分别为50岁、50.14岁、51.27岁。

In addition,Wuhan YouKeYuan/China HuaLu/Emerging border China enterprise executives, such as the average age at renmin camp is lesser also,Fifty years old respectively/50.14 years/51.27 years.

　　调查过程中，记者特意观察了几家已整体上市的央企，诸如中国南车、中国北车、外运长航、中航信息。前述企业呈现出信息披露完整、高管年龄结构相对均衡、平均年龄偏小的特征。如中国南车为51.91岁、中国北车为52.09岁、外运长航52.93岁、中航信息为51.18岁，均小于整体平均年龄。

In the course of the investigation,Reporters have observed a few already overall listing of renmin,Such as China southern railway/China north car/Outbound changhang/Catic information.The enterprise present a complete information disclosure/Executives of the age structure of the relative balance/Average age of the partial small features.Such as China south car for 51.91 years/China north car for 52.09 years/Outbound changhang 52.93 years/Catic information for 51.18 years,Were less than the overall average age.

　　整体来看，平均年龄较小的企业，业务多与科研设计、文化创意有密切关系。与此相对应的，是能源企业、钢铁企业、海运企业这些央企高管普遍年纪较大。

The whole,The average age of the small enterprise,Business and scientific research design/There is a close relationship between culture and creative.And the corresponding,Is energy enterprise/Iron and steel enterprise/Shipping enterprise these renmin executives generally older.

　　中石油、中石化、中海油、国家电网、南方电网、五大发电集团公司这10家企业均属能源企业，高管平均年龄超过了55岁。其中，中国华能9名高管的平均年龄为56.67岁，与中船集团并列高龄榜首，中国国电高管年龄也达到了56.55岁。

petrochina/sinopec/cnooc/The state grid/Southern power grid/Five big power group company this 10 enterprises were energy enterprise,The executive's average age over 55 years old.the,China huaneng nine executives at an average age of 56.67 years,And the Chinese group - tied for the top,China guodian executives age also reached 56.55 years.

　　中远集团、中国海运、招商局集团三家涉及海运的企业，常年与风浪打交道，企业高管亦为见惯风浪之人，平均年龄达到56岁。

Cosco group/China shipping/China merchants group three involves shipping enterprise,Deal with the waves,Enterprise executives also used for the wind and waves,The average age to 56.

　　冶金需要千锤百炼，要掌管冶金企业自然也不能锤炼太少。鞍钢、武钢、宝钢、中铝四家中国最知名的冶金类企业高管平均年龄超过54岁。

Metallurgical need thoroughly tempered,Be the metallurgical enterprise nature also can't temper too little.angang/wisco/baosteel/Al four of China's most famous metallurgical industry executives average age more than 54 years old.

　　十大军工企业关乎国防安全与国计民生，掌舵人至关重要。统计表明，这10家企业共计83名高管的平均年龄为53.41，基本与整体平均水平相当。但不同企业之间的差距很大。

Ten big military enterprise for national defense and national economy and people's livelihood,Steersman is very important.Statistics show that,These ten companies a total of 83 executives at an average age of 53.41,Basic and the overall average quite.But the gap between different enterprises large.

　　平均年龄最小的是中国兵器，51.42岁；最大的是中船集团，56.67岁。同在一个行业，中国核建(51.87岁)与中核工业(54.67岁)，航天科技(51.83岁)与航天科工(54.5岁)的差距均较大。只有中船重工与同行企业中船集团基本上一致，平均年龄为55.88岁。

The average age of the youngest is China's weapons,51.42 years;The largest is the Chinese group,56.67 years.With an industry,China's nuclear built(51.87 years)And nuclear industry in(54.67 years),Aerospace science and technology(51.83 years)And aerospace science and industry(54.5 years)The gap is bigger.Only the Chinese heavy industry and peer enterprises while the group basically consistent,The average age was 55.88 years old.

　　

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何为央企高管？ What is renmin executives?

　　按照国资委的规定，央企领导班子是指由中央或国务院国资委管理的领导人员组成的团队，其中包括：

In accordance with the provisions of the sasac,Renmin leadership refers to the state council or by the central sasac management leadership staff team,including:

　　(一)设立董事会企业的董事长、副董事长、董事(不含外部董事、职工董事，下同)，总经理(总裁，下同)、副总经理(副总裁)、总会计师；

(a)Setting up the board chairman of the board of directors of the enterprise/Deputy chairman/director(Does not contain the outside directors/Worker directors,Similarly hereinafter),The general manager(President,Similarly hereinafter)/Deputy general manager(Vice President)/Chief accountant;

　　(二)未设立董事会企业的总经理(总裁、院长、所长、局长、主任，下同)、副总经理(副总裁、副院长、副所长、副局长、副主任)、总会计师；

(two)Not set up the board of directors, general manager of the enterprise(President/dean/director/director/director,Similarly hereinafter)/Deputy general manager(Vice President/Vice President/Deputy director/Deputy director/, deputy director of the)/Chief accountant;

　　(三)企业党组(党委)书记、副书记、党委常委(党组成员)，纪委书记(纪检组组长)。

(three)Enterprise party(Party committee)secretary/Deputy secretary/Party committee standing committee(Party members),Discipline inspection commission secretary(JiJianZu leader).

　　本文所说的央企高管，以企业官方网站公布的为准。包括但不限于国资委规定的上述领导班子成员，比如不在央企领导班子里的外部董事长，比如被企业列管理团队名录的董秘、职工董事。其身份认定为2013年1月15日前。

This paper says renmin executives,To enterprise's official website published shall prevail.Including but not limited to the provisions of the state-owned assets supervision and the members of the leadership,Such as not in renmin leadership outside of the chairman of the board,Such as the enterprise listed management team list of dong/Worker directors.Its identity for 2013 years before January 15.

　　

如何打通高管成长渠道 How to get through executives growth channel

　　2012年12月，国务院国资委主任王勇在央企负责人会上，担忧央企管理层青黄不接，后继乏人。本次调查后，针对央企高管的年龄构成现状，记者采访了中国人民大学公共管理学院院长助理、组织与人力资源研究所教授、博士生导师刘昕和科锐国际人力资源公司业务总监刘峰。

In December of 2012,The sasac of the state council director in the office at renmin,Renmin concerns management temporary shortage,lack.The survey,According to the age composition of the senior renmin situation,The reporter interviewed people's university of China, dean of the college of public administration assistant/Organization and human resources institute professor/Doctoral tutor LiuXin and families sharp international human resource company business director qiao.

　　对于王勇的担忧，两位嘉宾认为，改革现有用人制度将有助于主要问题的解决。巧合的是，国务院国资委主任王勇在近期也多次提到要深化人事制度改革，“加大竞争性选人用人的力度，建立健全适应现代企业制度要求的企业经营管理者选聘、奖惩和退出机制”。

To wang yong concerns,Two guests think,Reform the personnel system will help to solve the main problems.Coincidence is,The sasac of the state council director wang yong in the near future also mentioned it many times to deepen the reform of the personnel system,"Making use of a more competitive strength,To establish and perfect modern enterprise system requirements of the enterprise managers hiring/Rewards and punishment and withdrawing mechanism".

　　《国企》：您如何评价现任央企高管的年龄结构？

[State-owned enterprises]:How do you evaluate the renmin executives age structure?

　　刘昕：相对合理，总体偏大。这种情况是由于国企现有的高管人员选拔机制决定的，即参照传统干部管理模式的那种做法，要求员工在代表不同行政级别的职位上逐级晋升，且每一职位都要求固定工作年限。

LiuXin:Relatively reasonable,Overall partial big.This kind of situation is due to the existing executive personnel selection mechanism of the decision,With reference to the traditional management mode that cadres of that kind of behavior,For employees in representing different administrative levels of the position promotion step by step,And every position require regular work life.

　　一个人如果22岁大学本科毕业进入央企，大约要用4年时间成为央企二级公司的部门内主管；5年后成为部门经理；6年左右成为二级公司负责人；再用6年时间成为总公司副总；等到晋升到总经理，估计又得花费5年时间。这时他已经48岁了。

If a person 22 years old from renmin university undergraduate course graduation into,It takes about four years become secondary company in renmin department director;Five years later became the department manager;6 years become secondary company controller;Garnish with six years become corporation deputy;Wait until the promotion to general manager,Estimate and to spend 5 years time.This time, he was and years old.

　　当然这是相对理想的晋升情况。任何一个晋升阶梯上耽误1?2年的时间，成为高管的年龄就会增加5?10岁。

Of course this is the relatively ideal promotion situation.Any promotion ladder delay 1?2 years,Become a senior age will increase 5?Ten years.

　　刘峰：从表面数据看是合理的。因为央企很多关乎国计民生，地位重要，层级较多。从基层一步步升上来，直到董事长，我认为平均57岁不算大，况且他们中不少人已担任多年“一把手”。

qiao:See from the surface data is reasonable.Because a lot of renmin for national economy and people's livelihood,An important position,Level more.From the basic step by step up,Until the chairman,I think the average 57 is not big,And among them many people already as many years"a".

　　从国际惯例看，GE公司、奔驰公司高管退休时往往在65岁甚至更高。有人研究过日韩企业高管的年龄结构，得出来的数据是，董事长一职的平均年龄是59到60岁。

See from the international practice,GE/Benz company executives often retired at the age of 65 or more.People have studied the age structure of Japan and South Korea enterprise executives,It is the data,As a chairman of the board of directors of the average age is 59 to sixty years old.

　　《国企》：您认为现在央企高管年龄结构中存在哪些问题？原因是什么？

[State-owned enterprises]:Do you think now of the age structure of the existing in renmin executives what problem?Reason is what?

　　刘昕：首先，传统的党政领导干部式的人才选拔计划往往会导致高管年龄偏大。

LiuXin:First of all,The traditional party and government leading cadres type talent selection scheme often leads to older executives.

　　其次，央企缺乏通用电气公司的那种高层领导力开发计划，高管人员的选拔缺乏前瞻性。只有有目的地提前做好高层管理人员的继任计划或接班计划，才有利于用较少的时间培养出符合高层管理岗位要求的接班者。

secondly,Renmin lack of general electric company of that kind of high-level leadership development plan,Senior executives selection lack of prospective.Only the destination ahead top management succession plan or carry on the plan,We can use less time to develop to meet the requirements of the senior management position who carry on.

　　再次，论资排辈的氛围在央企中还比较浓。除非一个人确实能力突出，或者做出过不可否认的重大贡献，否则很难在年轻时被委以重任。显然，这不利于培养接班人。

again,The seniority atmosphere in the renmin is still relatively strong.Unless a person do ability outstanding,Or made undeniable major contribution,It is hard to when young was entrusts with an important task.obviously,This does not favor the train successors.

　　刘峰：撇开平均年龄大小不说，央企高管年龄结构不够完善才是最大的问题。

qiao:Apart from average age don't say,Renmin executives age structure is not perfect enough is the biggest problem.

　　这与国资委的经营业绩考核导向有关，人力资源做得再好，也得不到上级的认可。也与央企中人力资源部门的地位普遍不高有关，他们施展的空间过窄。还与近几年央企的快速发展有关，即顺境时企业领导者的因素较难得到全面体现，会放松这一方面工作。

The state-owned assets supervision and management performance evaluation guide relevant,Human resources to do better,Also can't get superior approbate.And with the human resources department in renmin status about generally is not high,They cast a narrow space.In recent years, with the rapid development of renmin relevant,Namely in the enterprise leaders factors are difficult to be fully reflected,Will relax the hand work.

　　企业的正常发展过程中，应该把人才梯队建设放到更重要的位置。当然，央企的情况较为特殊，除了内部提拔外，还有相当一部分是由中组部和国资委安排的，这就需要他们进行通盘考虑。

Enterprise's normal development process,Should put the talent team construction in more important position.Of course,The special renmin,In addition to the internal promotion,There are quite a number of genera and by the sasac arrangement,This requires them to take everything into consideration.

　　《国企》：有些企业年龄总体偏大，有些则较为年轻，您认为高管平均年龄多少比较合适？

[State-owned enterprises]:Some enterprise overall age too big,Some is relatively young,Do you think how many executives average age is more appropriate?

　　刘昕：央企高管的年龄不同企业存在差异很正常，原因包括历史原因和行业因素。

LiuXin:Renmin executives age differences between different enterprises is very normal,Reasons include historical reasons and industry factors.

　　比如某一高管曾带领企业取得较好的发展或实现关键转变，在企业中声望较高，个人精力也足够，这样就会顺理成章地多年担任公司高管。有些企业可能在上一代高管退休之后，中间出现年龄断档，所以顺势提拔了年轻人。

Such as a executives have lead the enterprise to get better development and realize the key change,In the enterprise of high reputation,Personal energy is enough,So will it for many years as a corporate executives.Some companies may a generation executives after retirement,In middle age DuanDang,So the young people's promotion.

　　我不认为央企高管的年龄越小越好。年龄较大尽管存在斗志不足、精力不济等潜在问题，但也有影响力大、协调能力强、经验丰富的优势，较为年轻的高管可能事业心更强，希望有一番作为，同时精力也较为旺盛，但在晋升过快、资历不足、个人成熟度不高的情况下，工作能力和工作效果都会受到影响，如果不能服众，则开展工作会比较困难。因而，要具体情况具体分析，不宜一概而论。

I don't think the age of renmin executives smaller may be more beautiful.Older despite the lack of morale/Energy is nothing potential problems, etc,But also have great influence/Coordination ability/The advantage of rich experience,Relatively young executives may be more strong dedication to work,Hope to have a as,At the same time energy is relatively strong,But in the rapid advancement/Lack of qualifications/Personal maturity under the condition of not high,Ability to work and the effect of the work will be affected,If you can't take all the,It is difficult to carry out work.so,To particular case is particular analysis,Shoulds not be treat as the same.

　　刘峰：很多时候，高管的年龄与产业的成熟度有关。传统行业的高管往往是按部就班地步步晋升的，一些较新行业则会从外部引进或内部破格提拔一些优秀人才。

qiao:Most of the time,Senior age and industrial maturity about.Traditional industry executives are often promoted step by step by step,Some more new industries will be introduced from outside or internal abnormality promoted some talents.

　　值得注意的是，国外普遍实施的是弹性退休制度，是根据高管个人的能力、精力和健康状况，由董事会决定其退休年龄。反观国内，国资委虽然有60岁的划线，但目前执行得也相对比较有弹性，有一批已经超龄仍在服役的高管。这是好事，他们丰富的经验是无可取代的。

It is important to note that,Foreign common implementation is elastic retirement system,According to senior individual ability/Energy and health,By the board of directors decided to the retirement age.In the domestic,The sasac although there are sixty years old line,But the present implementation also relatively elastic,A group has over age is still in the service executives.This is a good thing,They rich experience is irreplaceable.

　　《国企》：您认为什么样的年龄结构才算是合理？

[State-owned enterprises]:Do you think what kind of age structure is a reasonable?

　　刘昕：央企高管团队应当适度拉开年龄差距。年龄过于接近尽管有容易相互理解、便于沟通的好处，但是也容易造成高管团队的知识结构和眼界大体趋同，资历和年龄相近造成班子成员之间相互不买账的情况。如果高管团队平均年龄较大，可能造成领导层无法理解年轻员工心态和想法。

LiuXin:Renmin executive team should be moderate open age gap.Age too close despite the easy to understand each other/The benefits of easy communication,But also easy to cause the executive team knowledge structure and horizon general convergence,Qualifications and similar age group members caused between an unappreciative situation.If the average older senior teams,May cause leadership can't understand young employee attitude and idea.

　　个人的观点，高管团队可以搭配使用40多岁和50多岁的高管，一些60多岁但仍然有能力和精力的高管也可以与较为年轻的其他高管搭班子，便于优势互补，发挥最佳效果。

Personal point of view,Executive team can match use forties and fifties executives,Some sixty but still have the ability and energy executives can also and relatively young DaBanZi other senior managers,Facilitate have complementary advantages,Play the best effect.

　　刘峰：无论是国企、民企，还是外企，选拔中层干部时，一般控制在40岁以下。这些人在中层岗位工作四五年，如果状态比较好，应该将其培养为接班人的有力竞争者。

qiao:Whether the/corporation,Or foreign,When selecting middle-level cadres,General control in forty years old the following.These people in the middle position working four or five years,If the status is better,Should the training for the successors of the powerful competitors.

　　另外，培养接班人时要考虑年龄，但不能唯年龄论，搞一刀切。如果45岁的能力不如50岁的，就应该让后者上。人过30以后，几岁的差别对于精力和健康状况的影响并不大。

In addition,Cultivate successor shall be taken into consideration when the age,But not only age theory,Make one size fits all.If the ability of 45 years old than fifty years old,You should let the latter on.People after 30,A few years old difference for energy and health impact is not big.

　　《国企》：怎样才能完善央企高管的年龄结构？如何看待央企每年都进行的全球招聘？

[State-owned enterprises]:How to perfect the renmin executives age structure?How to treat every year from renmin of global recruitment?

　　刘昕：央企高管选拔渠道多样化在一定程度上有利于优化高管团队的年龄结构。但我对全球招聘的效果一直评价不高。央企的文化氛围和“空降兵”自身的素质和适应性决定了“空降兵”取得成功的可能性并不大，尤其是海外招聘来的高管。

LiuXin:Renmin diversify executives selection in a certain extent, is conducive to the optimization of the age structure of the executive team.But I have been to global recruitment effect evaluation is not high.The cultural atmosphere and renmin"airborne"Their own quality and adaptability decided"airborne"The possibility of success is not big,Especially overseas recruitment to executives.

　　从中国的国情来看，央企高管还是应当尽可能地立足于企业内部有计划的培养。

From China's situation,Renmin executives or as much as possible should be based on the enterprise internal training in a planned way.

　　刘峰：全球招聘对此意义不大，关键在于内部竞聘机制能否理顺。

qiao:Global recruitment is this meaning,The key lies in the internal competition mechanism can straighten out.

　　多年的发展，让央企内部汇聚了太多的各类人才。但环境决定着他们能否发挥积极性。我曾连续几年参与云南移动的内部竞聘。第二年的时候我发现，无论是报名人数还是人员水平，都比第一年有了太多的提升。我问他们原因，他们说，以为第一年是走形式，就没兴趣参加。

Years of development,Let renmin internal gathering too much all kinds of talents.But environment decides they can play a positive role.I have continuous years in yunnan mobile internal competition.When I found the second year,Whether the number of registration or personnel level,Than the first years have too many ascending.I ask them the reason,They say,Thought the first year is ZouXingShi,Is not interested.

　　外企一般的做法是，会从应届毕业生中挑选一部分管理培训生，进行轮岗或者外派，3年后提升为初级管理者，管理一个小的团队；针对中层，人力资源部门就要积极介入，为其制定职业生涯规划；企业高层重点要考虑的，就是successor(接班人)；到了顶层就要考虑退休计划，如果没有的话是很不可思议的。

It is normal practice for a foreign company,Graduates from the selected part of the trainees,For work shift or assignment,Three years later promoted to junior managers,Manage a small team;In the middle,The human resources department will be actively involved in,Formulated for the career planning;Enterprise top key consideration,Is the successor(successor);The top will consider retirement plan,If not is incredible.

　　据我了解，部分国有企业在这方面的表现不容乐观。有的企业一把手太强势，人力资源部门无法作为。有的企业，老总自身对自己下一步的去向不明朗，不想作为。

I understand,Part of the state-owned enterprise in this performance is not optimistic.Some enterprise a too strong,The human resources department can't as.Some enterprises,Old total themselves to their next destination unclear,Don't want to as.

　　

链接 link

　　

外企和民企高管年龄现状 A foreign company and corporation executives age status

　　2011年，韩国上市公司协会针对韩国资产百强上市公司(不含金融业)的6267名高管年龄进行了分析，平均年龄为52.5岁，基本与央企高管平均年龄相当。该调查表明，50岁以下高管的占比为26%，比数年前大幅提升；60岁以上的则从2006年的20.2%下降到了6.3%。韩国企业高管的年龄呈明显下降趋势。央企高管的这两组数据分别为28.9%、5.8%，可以说极为接近。

In 2011,,South Korea listed company association to the top listed company assets(Does not contain the financial industry)Of the 6267 senior age are analyzed,The average age was 52.5 years old,Basic and renmin executives average age is quite.The survey shows that,Fifty years old the following executives accounted for more than 26%,Score years ago improved significantly;Sixty years old rose from 20.2% in 2006 to 6.3% decline.South Korea enterprise executives age was significantly decline.The two groups of renmin executives data were 28.9%/5.8%,Can say very close to.

　　国内的大型民企年龄构成如何，并无现成研究数据。但华为公司公布的年报显示，其高管团队平均年龄仅为46岁。

The domestic large-scale corporation age structure,And there is no ready-made research data.But huawei company annual reports released by the display,The executive team average age is only 46 years old.

　　记者还查询了国有控股合资企业海尔集团的高管年龄。公开资料显示，海尔18名高管(包括海尔集团以及青岛海尔和海尔电器两家上市公司)的平均年龄为47.5岁。其中，除CEO张瑞敏(64岁)、董事长杨绵绵(72岁)外，其余高管全部在50岁(含50岁)以下。其中43岁以下的(即1970年以后出生的)为5人。

The reporter also inquires the state-owned holding company joint venture enterprise haier group executives age.Public data shows,Haier eighteen senior(Including haier group and Qingdao haier and haier electrical appliances two listed companies)An average age of 47.5 years.the,In addition to ZhangRuiMin CEO(64 - year - old)/The chairman of the board YangMianMian(72 - year - old)outside,All the rest of the executives in fifty years old(Contains fifty years old)The following.43 years old of the following(That is born after 1970)For five people.

　　这两家国内著名企业，一为通信行业，一为家电制造企业，但高管团队的平均年龄明显较央企低。

The two domestic famous enterprises,A communications industry,A home appliance manufacturing enterprise,But the average age of the senior teams have better low renmin.

　　作者：2008年

The author:In 2008,