陈传仁

ChenChuanRen

　　教育部近日在京发布2012年学科评估结果，95个一级学科中，北京大学、清华大学、中国人民大学排名第一的一级学科数量分别达到16个、14个、9个，名列三甲。在这份官方权威的排行榜中，北大、清华入围不足为奇，但人大名列第三，多少让一些信奉民间组织撰写的所谓“大学排行榜”的人士有些意外。

The ministry of education recently issued in Beijing in 2012 subject evaluation results,95 level in the subject,Beijing university/Tsinghua university/Chinese people's university ranking first level subject quantity reached 16/14/nine,Ranked top.In the official authority in the list,north/No wonder at tsinghua university,But the third National People's Congress,How many let some believe in the so-called folk organization writing"List of the university"Are some accident.

　　过去10多年，中国大学流行“合并风”，许多坐落在各省省会城市的著名大学纷纷兼并一两所甚至近十所周边高校，以壮大自己的声势，提升本校的实力。但这轮评估结果表明，大学合并不一定带来学科水平、研究能力的提升。北大、清华、人大恰恰是合并高校较少的学校，尤其是中国人民大学，没有合并任何一所其他高校，但依然能在诸多传统学科中拔得头筹。

The past ten years,The Chinese university popular"Merge wind",Many is located in the provincial capital city of famous universities have a merger of two or even nearly 10 universities around,To grow your own momentum,Improve the strength of the school.But this wheel evaluation results show that,University merger does not necessarily bring subject level/The ascension of the research ability.north/tsinghua/National People's Congress is the merged university less school,Especially China people's university,No merge any other university,But can still in many traditional discipline topped the.

　　由此看，这次教育部的排名多少会对“大学合并风”、民间版的“大学综合实力排行榜之风”起到矫正作用。过去面对林林总总的“大学排行榜”以及声势浩大的高校合并运动，考生们往往会有昏厥感，尤其是面对那些排名差异大、评价体系乱、结果不统一的榜单，填报志愿与选择专业更是显得无所适从。

This watch,The ministry of education to rank much"University merged with the wind"/Folk version of"University comprehensive strength of the list of the wind"Corrective action a.In the past in the face of numerous"List of the university"And monstrous the merging of universities sports,Students often have faint feeling,Especially in the face of the large difference of ranking/Evaluation system about/Results are not unified list,Fill volunteer and choose professional but also appear at loose ends.

　　笔者以为，教育部的这份“学科体检”的目的，就是要提醒社会与广大考生，大学的综合实力固然重要，但更重要的是大学的学科优势。只有发挥学科优势，才会形成现代大学的特色与个性，孕育出真正的大学精神。从排行榜看，北大排名第一主要集中在人文科学、理学和基础医学，清华集中在工学，中国人民大学则集中在社会科学和管理学科。这些特色正是造就该三所高校的毕业生质量、研究成果、学术声誉长期领衔于中国上千所大学的重要原因。

The author thought,The ministry of education of the"Medical subject"purpose,Is to remind the society with the candidates,University's comprehensive strength is important,But it is more important to university subject advantages.Only play discipline superiority,Will form the modern university characteristics and personality,Breed true university spirit.From the list to see,Peking University ranking first mainly concentrated in the humanities/Physical and basic medicine,Tsinghua concentrated in engineering,Chinese people's university is focused on social science and management discipline.These characteristics make it the three university graduates quality/Research results/Academic reputation led long in thousands of university important reason.

　　世界的大学历史与现状已无数次证明，大学之牛，不在于学校之大，而在于学科之精。拿美国加州理工学院来说，该校学生规模小得可怜，只有区区2100多名，且只有六大学科，但该校教授和毕业生历年来却有32人次获得诺贝尔奖。普林斯顿大学至今没有医学院，校园面积也不大，学生人数也不算多，却能常年位居《美国新闻与世界报道》大学排行榜前三甲之列，这种现象多少与中国人民大学有几分相似。

The history and current situation of the university has proved many times,The university of cattle,The school is not big,But in the discipline of the sperm.With the United States, California institute of technology,The students have poor small scale,Only a more than 2100,And only six subjects,But the school professors and graduates over the years has 32 people won the Nobel Prize.Princeton university has no medical school,Campus area is not large also,The number of students is not much,But in all the year round[American news and world report]University top the list of top,How much this phenomenon and the Chinese people's university has a somewhat similar.

　　近些年来，那些热衷于合并的大学，最直接的目标莫过于增设学科、专业，进而在每个学科点上争取申报硕士点、博士点，使大学变得“学科齐全”，以显示自己“航空母舰”般的规模，进而希望在所谓“大学综合实力排行榜”中往前挪几位。然而，现实的结果却导致中国绝大多数大学千校一面，大同小异，而且往往会在合并后过于重视规模，稀释了优质资源，分散了学校精力，直接影响了人才培养质量，甚至败坏教育和学术的风气。

In recent years,Those keen to merge university,The most direct way to the goal of adding subject/professional,And in the master's degree program in each program for declaration/Doctoral program,Make university become"Subject complete",To show his"Aircraft carrier"Scale of,And hope in the so-called"Top university comprehensive strength"Move forward in several.however,The result of reality has led to China's most university thousand school side,Very much the same,And often in after the merger to attach too much importance to scale,Dilute the quality resources,Disperse the school energy,Directly impact the quality of talent development,Even corrupt education and academic atmosphere.

　　毋庸置疑，中国大学离世界顶尖学府还尚存不小的差距。正因为此，缩短差距的路径，更应当是在学科上精益求精，而不是在规模上摊大饼。希望教育部这次就学科的“家底彻查”，能够为公众提供一个新的视角和渠道，也为大学的下轮发展提供新的方向与思考。▲(作者是中外民族文化研究院(香港)副院长)

No doubt,The Chinese university from the world's top universities is still save a lot of gap.Because of this,Shorten the gap of the path,More should be in subjects keep improving,Not in the scale of ShangTan.Hope that the ministry of education is discipline"Resources investigate",For the public to provide a new perspective and channel,Also for university next round development provides new direction and thinking.box-and-one(The author was Chinese and foreign national culture research institute(Hong Kong)Vice President)