■焦点观察

S focus to observe

　　政府部门成为择校利益链条的一环,正是择校热和择校费乱象一直难以有效治理的关键原因

Government departments will be interests chain link,It is hot and ZeJiaoFei school mess has been difficult to effective management of the key reasons

　　1月26日,广东省人大代表、广东实验中学校长郑炽钦透露,政府借贷在广东实验中学高中校区的投入中占了四成,相应的,四成高中学位都被高价出售用于还贷了。广东省教育厅回应称,这种做法是引入新机制,尝试吸引社会资金,提供更优质的教育资源。(1月27日《新快报》)

On January 26,,Guangdong province National People's Congress/Guangdong experimental high school principal ZhengChiQin revealed,The government borrowing in guangdong experimental middle school high school campus in the investment accounted for forty percent,corresponding,Forty percent high school degree is up for sale for the loan.Guangdong provincial response said,This kind of practice is the introduction of mechanism,Try to attract social capital,To provide more high quality education resources.(On January 27,[New express])

　　贷款建学校,再由学校出售学位还贷,是不是创新呢?探讨这个问题,需要看到一个事实,那就是持有类似想法的政府官员和办学者并不少——他们认为教育投入不足、办学缺乏资金,可以依靠“盘活”资源实现“以教养教”。

Loan to build the school,To sell by the school degree owing on the loan,Is innovation??Discusses the issue,Need to see a fact,It is a similar idea and many government officials and operators - they think education insufficient input/The lack of capital,Can depend on"Revitalize the"Resources to achieve the"To education teaching".

　　近年来,向银行借贷办学的现象在各地普遍存在,我国大学的欠债规模达到3000亿元,高中学校的欠债规模也不甘落后,不少学校陷入债务危机。这使得一些学校试图通过扩大招生规模、提高学费、用学校资源搞经营、收取高价择校生和“议价生”等方式,应对办学经费不足。

In recent years,Bank lending to the phenomenon of running around in common,Chinese universities' debt scale up to 300 billion yuan,High school school debt scale also unwilling fall behind,Many schools in debt crisis.This makes some schools try to through the enlarged enrollment scale/Increase tuition fees/With the school resources make business/ZeJiaoSheng and charge high prices"Bargaining born", etc,Cope with the shortage of funds.

　　为此,有必要认真分析“办学能不能贷款”,以及“非义务教育学校是否可以收取高价择校生、议价生”的问题。

therefore,It is necessary to carefully analyze"Can the loan",and"Is not compulsory education school whether can ZeJiaoSheng charge high prices/Bargaining born"problem.

　　办学能不能贷款?根据《教育法》《义务教育法》和《高等教育法》的相关规定,学校举办者是可以贷款办学的,但学校不能作为借贷主体。政府举办学校,缺钱可以借贷,但这笔贷款应该由财政归还,而不是由被投入的学校来解决贷款问题。原因很简单,学校是事业单位,是非营利性的,无法靠经营收入去归还贷款。如果非要学校解决学校办学资金问题,其结果必然是学校提高学费标准、用学校资源去搞经营。这显然影响教育公平,也会分散学校的办学精力。

Can the loan?According to the[education][Compulsory education]and[Higher education]The relevant provisions of the,The school of education with the help of a loan,But the school can be used as the main lending.The government held the school,Lack of money can lending,But the loan should be determined by the financial return,Not by were put in school to solve the credit problems.The reason is very simple,School is institution,nonprofit,Can't get by on business income to repay the loan.If I have to solve the problem of funds school school,The result must be to improve school tuition standard/With the school resources to do business.This obviously affect education fair,The school will disperse energy.

　　非义务教育学校是否可以收高价择校生、议价生?有不少人对此很赞成,其中一个理由是,国外大学也拿一定名额收“议价生”。其实,赞成者只看到了表象,却忽视了国外大学的运行机制。首先,这种现象只发生在私立大学,由政府举办的公立大学不允许；其次,那些大学实行现代学校制度,收取“议价生”的决策由大学理事会做出,收费标准向社会公开,过程透明；再次,学校财务管理透明,收来的所有费用及其支出,都向师生和社会公众公开,确保所有钱都用到办学之上。而且即便如此,国外私立大学收取少量“议价生”的做法,也一直都很有争议,一些私立学校已经取消了这一做法。

Is not compulsory education school whether can accept ZeJiaoSheng high price/Bargaining born?Many people are in favor of,One reason is,Foreign university also take a certain number receive"Bargaining born".In fact,Pro see only the representation,But ignore the foreign university operation mechanism.First of all,This kind of phenomenon occur only in the private university,A public university by the government are not allowed;secondly,Those college practices modern school system,charge"Bargaining born"Decisions made by the college board,Charging standard to the public,Process transparent;again,School financial management transparency,To collect all the charges and expenses,To the teachers and students and social public,Ensure that all money used on running.And even so,Foreign private universities charge a small amount"Bargaining born"practice,Also has been very controversial,Some private schools has been canceled this practice.

　　相比之下,我国很少有学校真正实行了现代学校制度,学校的财务公开也没有形成制度。在这样的条件下,学校收取高价择校生的结果,很可能是滋生权钱交易和教育腐败——收来的钱,并没有促进学校发展,用来设立奖学金,而是用以冲抵本来应该由政府投入的经费,或者进入少数管理者、办学者的腰包。

Compared with,There are few schools in our country really implemented modern school system,The school financial public nor form system.Under such conditions,Schools to charge high prices ZeJiaoSheng results,Growth is likely to be trading and education corruption - to accept the money,And not promoting the further development of the school,Used to set up a scholarship,But to charge against should the government investment funds,Or into a few managers/Pockets of operators.

　　综上所述,学校高价出售学位,根本不是什么“创新机制”,而是打着创新的旗号,推卸政府在教育投入方面的责任。政府部门成为择校利益链条的一环,正是择校热和择校费乱象一直难以有效治理的关键原因。

To sum up,Sell high school degree,Basically is not what"Innovation mechanism",But under the banner of innovation,Shift the government in education into the aspects of the responsibility.Government departments will be interests chain link,It is hot and ZeJiaoFei school mess has been difficult to effective management of the key reasons.

　　真正的教育机制创新,应该在另外两方面:其一,建立国家和地方教育拨款委员会,负责制订教育预算,并监督政府投入,改变教育投入不足、教育长期欠债的现状；其二,建立社区教育委员会和学校理事会,负责教育管理和学校重大战略决策,进而避免权力机构对学校办学的干扰,并铲除权力择校、金钱择校的生存土壤。

True education mechanism innovation,Should be in two aspects: one,The establishment of a national and local education appropriations committee,Responsible for establishing education budget,And supervise the government investment,Change education insufficient input/Education present situation of long-term debt;The second,Establishing community education committee and the school board,Responsible for education management and school important strategic decision,And then to avoid the authority of the school interference,Will eradicate power/The money will be the survival soil.