熊丙奇

XiongBingJi

　　据新华社报道，武汉有7对父母放弃城市的优质教育，近日在乡下找了一所废弃的小学，自己教孩子诵经读典、练习书法。这些家长坦言，此举实属无奈，只因对现行的教育体制失去信心，不得已只好去摸索一条能够保护孩子们天性的教育之路。

According to xinhua news agency,Wuhan have seven to parents to give up the city of quality education,Recently in the country to find a discarded elementary school,To teach a child to read his low standard/Practice calligraphy.The parents said,This really helpless,Because the current education system to lose confidence,Forced to go to find out a can protect children nature education road.

　　这些家长的做法，引起了很多人的共鸣。笔者注意到，有不少观点把“在家上学”与学校教育对立了起来。简单地说，家长选择“在家上学”就是对学校教育的“否定”。这是一种似是而非的认识，不但不利于“在家上学”的发展，也背离了“在家上学”的实质。

The practice of the parents,Caused a lot of resonance.The writer noticed,There are many views the"At home to go to school"And school education opposition up.Say simply,Parents choose to"At home to go to school"School education is to the"negative".This is a specious understanding,Not only against"At home to go to school"development,Also deviates from the"At home to go to school"Essence of the.

　　选择“在家上学”的家长只是少数，他们对学校教育不满，有着自己的原因，不代表所有家长都不满；他们选择“在家上学”，也不意味着其他家长都认同他们的选择。这就是说，“在家上学”其实是家庭的个性化选择，本属于受教育者选择权如果适合公办学校，可以选择公办学校，如果觉得私立学校更适合自己，则选择私立学校，如果认为学校教育都不适合，则选择“在家上学”。每个选项之间，并不存在互相否定的关系。

choose"At home to go to school"Parents just a few,Their school education dissatisfaction,Have their own reasons,Do not represent all parents dissatisfaction;They choose"At home to go to school",Nor does it mean that other parents agree their choice.This means that,"At home to go to school"Family is actually personalized choices,This belongs to the educatees option if suitable for public school,Can choose public school,If think private school is more suitable for you,The choice of private schools,If you think school education were not suitable for,chooses"At home to go to school".Between each option,Does not exist in the negative relationship between each other.

　　需要注意的是，受教育者的个性、需求是千差万别的，因此，教育需要多元化。以美国为例，学校教育比较注意个性和特色，有倡导自由的普通中学，也有实行军事化管理的特殊高中；有对学生要求不高的公立学校，也有学业抓得很紧的私立高中，但即便如此，学校教育也无法满足所有需要，于是“在家上学”成为一些家庭的选择，统计显示，美国有200万学生选择在家上学，占学生总数的2%左右。

Need to pay attention to is,Pedagogue's personality/Demand is the differ in thousands ways,so,Education needs diversification.In the United States, for example,School education pay more attention to your personality and characteristics,Have advocated freedom of ordinary high school,Also have a militarization management of special high school;For students with not high demand of public school,Also have academic grasp very tight private high school,But even so,School education can't meet all needs,so"At home to go to school"Become the choice of some families,Statistics show that,In the United States, there are 200 students choose to go to school at home,Accounts for about 2% of the total number of students.

　　从满足受教育者的个性化需求来理解，有利于“在家上学”获得合法的地位以及健康的发展空间。目前，我国 “在家上学”是不被认可的按照《义务教育法》，适龄儿童必须接受学校教育。在这种情况下，父母让孩子“在家上学”，就面临违法的风险，而要让“在家上学”纳入立法程序，显然需要正确定位，将其与学校教育对立起来，很难得到认可。只有把“在家上学”作为一种教育选择，才能使其获得足够的发展空间，具体包括把“在家上学”作为一所微型“学校”，对“学校”的师资进行规范，对学生接受教育的质量进行监督，以及给予“在家上学”者平等的升学、发展机会等等。在美国，“在家上学”的学生学业成绩能得到认可，并借此升入高中、大学，另外也可随时“转到”公立或私立学校学习，“在家上学”由此成为合理的教育选择。

To meet the personalized needs of educated to understand,to"At home to go to school"Obtain legal status and health development space.At present,Our country "At home to go to school"Is not approved according to[Compulsory education],School-age children must accept the school education.In this case,Parents let children"At home to go to school",Will face the risk of illegal,And let"At home to go to school"Into legislation program,Apparently it is necessary to correctly position,With the school education is opposite to,It is difficult to get approval.The only"At home to go to school"As a kind of education choice,Can we make it get enough development space,Specific include the"At home to go to school"As a miniature"The school",to"The school"The teachers are standard,Education for students to accept the quality supervision,And give"At home to go to school"The equality of the entrance/Development opportunities and so on.In the United States,"At home to go to school"Students academic achievement can be recognized,And take this into high school/university,Also may at any time"Turned to"A public or private school,"At home to go to school"Thus become reasonable education choice.

　　当前，一些选择“在家上学”的家庭认为，凡是目前学校教育做的，“在家上学”都不做，要对学校教育全盘否定，于是只诵读经典，这种极端的做法是不利于学生发展的。这就好比以前提素质教育，就认为这是不要考试的教育，但其实考试评价在教育中是必须的，问题不在于考试，而是考试的方法、功能。当前的学校教育，问题不是对学生进行知识教育，而是把知识教育作为全部，甚至不惜牺牲学生的身心健康。

The current,Some choose"At home to go to school"Family think,All current school education do,"At home to go to school"All don't do,To the school education negate,So only read classic,This kind of extreme approach, is not conducive to the development of students.This is the premise to quality education,Think that this is not the exam education,But in fact the evaluation in education is necessary,The question is not test,But the test method/function.The current school education,The problem is not knowledge education for students,But the knowledge education as a whole,Even at the sacrifice of students' physical and mental health.

　　从个性教育的角度来审视 “在家上学”，是整个社会需要树立的一种新教育观念。长期以来我国教育是单一的模式，所以大家习惯用非此即彼的思维来分析教育，将个性教育也概念化、标签化。我国基础教育改革的方向，也是打破单一的评价体系，给每所学校个性教育的空间，让学校办出个性、特色，以满足受教育者不同的教育需求。

From the point of view of personality education to look at "At home to go to school",Is the whole society need to set up a kind of new education idea.For a long time our country education is single mode,So we use one or the other thinking to the analysis of education,Personality education also conceptualization/Label change.Our country's basic education reform direction,Also break single evaluation system,To every school personality education space,Let the school to do a personality/characteristics,In order to meet the educatee different education demand.

　　（作者为21世纪教育研究院副院长）

(The author for the 21st century education research institute vice President)