2月1日，浙江、湖北教育部门对外公布，随迁子女从这个月开始，可在学籍所在地教育考试机构现场报名，参加2013年当地高考和录取。这标志着两省“异地高考”方案进入具体实施阶段。而从去年国务院办公厅转发教育部等部门《关于做好进城务工人员随迁子女接受义务教育后在当地参加升学考试工作意见》的通知，要求各省、自治区、直辖市有关方案“原则上应于2012年年底前出台”开始，伴随着“教育部喊你交‘答卷’”的舆论呼吁，各地年底前密集出台的“答卷”有的已开始落地实施，少数西部省区还未出台，而北上广等地区或为过渡方案、或实施时点后延，并均提出了较为严格的父母居住就业年限、社保、学籍等要求。

On February 1,,zhejiang/Hubei province education department announced,SuiQian children from this month,In the school education examination mechanism field application,In 2013 the local college entrance examination and admission.This marked the two provinces"Different college entrance examination"Plan into the specific implementation stage.And from the general office of the state council last year forward the ministry of education and other departments[The preparation for migrant workers SuiQian children receive compulsory education in local after in the entrance exam work opinion]notice,Requirements provinces/Autonomous region/The municipality directly under the scheme"In principle, should be in 2012 issued by the end of the year"Began to,with"The ministry of education shout you pay‘far’"Public opinion calling for,Before the end of the year on all of the dense"far"Some have started to fall to the ground implementation,A few western provinces are not issued,And north wide and other regions or for transition plan/Or implementation date later,And all put forward more strict parents live length of employment/Social security/For student.

　　“异地高考”落实难，难在平衡随迁子女考生和本地考生利益，难在增加的教育资源谁投入，补充招生指标怎样落实。公众在赞赏各地方案带来“落实教育公平”希望的同时，更关心上述难题的解决有了哪些进展，飘在空中的“答卷”距离落地还有多远？为此，本报记者走访了中东西部一些地方深入调查，并与国家教育咨询委员会委员谈松华等专家共同探讨。

"Different college entrance examination"Implement difficult,Is the balance SuiQian children candidates and local students interests,Is the increase of education resources who input,Supplementary admissions index how to implement.The public praise in all bring scheme"Implement education fair"At the same time hope,Care more about the problem to solve the progress made,Floating in the air"far"How far is it from fall to the ground?therefore,Our reporter interviewed the Middle East west some places further investigation,And with the national education advisory committee about pine China experts discuss.

补充高中教育资源，钱从哪儿来？ Added high school education resources,Where's the money to?

　　梳理各地出台的“异地高考”方案可以看到，对于外地生源流入比较多的地区，政府部门在方案中都明确提出，进城务工人员是当地现代化建设的生力军，为当地经济社会发展和城市建设作出了重要贡献，但在接受记者采访时都表示，在解决随迁子女教育和参加升学考试等问题上存在相当大的困难和压力。

All of the comb out"Different college entrance examination"Scheme can see,For foreign students into more areas,Government departments in the scheme is put forward,Migrant workers are the main force of the local modernization construction,For the local economic and social development and urban construction has made important contributions,But when accepting a reporter to interview all mean,In solving SuiQian children education and join the eleven-plus problems are considerable difficulties and pressure.

　　广东是全国进城务工人员第一大省，随迁子女众多，教育资源承载能力不足。广东省教育厅有关负责人介绍，据统计，广东2012年义务教育阶段外省户籍学生188.1万人，占全国的1／6。随迁子女80%以上集中在珠三角地区，按现有学生测算，仅珠三角地区就将至少增加200多所初中和高中，新增各类学校所需的土地、师资、投入等，是广东难以承受的。而如何解决高中教育承载力的问题，广东目前没有明确措施。换言之，即使在2016年符合异地高考广东报名条件，也可能出现在当地没有高中可读的问题。

Guangdong is the first province rural migrant workers,SuiQian having many children,Lack of education resources carrying capacity.Guangdong provincial relevant controller introduces,According to the statistics,Guangdong 2012 years of compulsory education stage provincial census register 1.881 million students,1/6 of the whole country.SuiQian children more than 80% concentrated in the pearl river delta region,According to the existing measuring students,Only the pearl river delta region will increase at least more than 200 junior and senior high school,Add all kinds of school the land/teachers/investment,Guangdong is unbearable.And how to solve the problem of the bearing capacity of high school education,Guangdong has no clear measures.In other words,Even in 2016 college entrance examination with different application conditions of guangdong,May also appear in the local high school can not read.

　　福建允许随迁子女在当地参加高考后，估计每年约有1.7万名随迁子女在福建就读普通高中，约有4250人进入一级达标高中。从全省来看，学位余额总体上基本能满足随迁子女就学和升学需要。但这些学位余额大多集中于沿海福厦泉以外的地区，随迁子女数量较多的区域学校的容量与在校生相比已接近饱和，个别地区现有学校已无增招空间。如厦门市中心城区的初、高中容量分别为6.80万人、4.08万人，而初、高中在校生人数已分别达6.88万人、4.02万人。当地教育部门负责人表示，随着随迁子女高考、中考政策的全面放开，预计今后随迁子女人数增长幅度将高于正常年份，特别是在优质高中资源不宽裕的地区，过多的省外随迁子女流入会对当地学生升入优质高中机会造成影响。

Fujian allow SuiQian children in local after participate in college entrance examination,An estimated 17000 SuiQian children in fujian attending ordinary high school,About 4250 people in the high school level.See from the,Degree balance overall basic can satisfy the SuiQian children's schooling and bound need.But these degree balance mostly concentrated in coastal f mansion spring outside of the region,SuiQian number of offspring more regional school students capacity and compared already close to saturation,Individual areas of the existing school has no increase for space.Such as xiamen city center first/High school capacity respectively for 68000 people/40800 people,Early and/The number of high school students were already up to 68800 people/40200 people.The local education department person in charge said,As SuiQian children college entrance examination/Tests policy fully open,SuiQian number of children in the future is expected to increase will be higher than the normal year,Especially in high quality high school resources not bounteous area,Too much SuiQian children into the province of local students to high quality high school affect opportunity.

新建一所普通高中，师资、校舍以及一系列配套，所需不菲，这笔钱应该谁来出？ Build a new ordinary high school,teachers/School buildings and a series of supporting,Not required,The money should be who will out?

　　对于随迁子女接受义务教育的经费保障，国务院和各地政府都曾明确提出，要把随迁子女义务教育列入输入地教育经费支出，按财政预算内义务教育经费标准，及时足额向接收随迁子女的公办学校和购买服务的民办学校拨付办学经费。中央拨付的专项奖励资金要用于随迁子女较多的地区和学校。高中阶段不在义务教育范围内，但随迁子女要在流入地获得高中学籍才能在当地高考，教育资源不足的矛盾如何解决？北京教育部门提出，“尽可能地通过增加教育资源来缓解升学压力。”福建教育部门表示，会加强对城区教育布局的整体科学规划，扩大城区中小学办学容量，适当增加高中阶段学校招生计划，进一步满足随迁子女教育需求。

SuiQian children to receive compulsory education funds safeguard,The state council and the local governments have been put forward,The SuiQian children education compulsory education expenditure on input fields,According to the financial budget compulsory education funds standard,To receive the time and in the SuiQian children of public school and private school buy services allocated funds.The central allocated special funds to reward for SuiQian children more areas and school.High school is not compulsory education range,But SuiQian children to receive the high school student to defined in local college entrance examination,Education resources shortage contradiction how to solve?Beijing education department put forward,"As far as possible, by increasing the education resources to ease pressures upon their schoolwork."Fujian education department said,Will strengthen the education of the whole urban layout of scientific planning,Expand the city primary and secondary school education capacity,Appropriate increase high school school recruit students to plan,To further meet the demand SuiQian children education.

　　但记者在采访中发现，除了这些宏观表态，类似“随迁子女接受义务教育经费保障”的明确思路与措施，还没有进入议程的消息。

But reporters found in the interview,In addition to these macro statement,similar"SuiQian children receive compulsory education funds safeguard"Specific ideas and measures,Haven't into the agenda of the news.

录取指标：手心手背都“伤不起” Admission index:Palms are the"Injury can not afford to"

　　与教育资源承载力差异并存的另一个问题，就是高考录取指标的地域差异。本地生源升学率是教育权益，随迁子女在当地高考也是教育权益，手心手背都是肉，都“伤不起”。这不是钱能解决的事情，但它像中枢神经一样，牵动着各地各个家庭的“算盘”。

And education resource capacity differences of both another problem,Is the university entrance exam admission index of the regional differences.Local students enrollment quotas is education equity,SuiQian children at a local college entrance examination is education equity,The palm is meat,are"Injury can not afford to".This is not money can solve things,But it looks like as central nervous,Affects all of the families"abacus".

　　虽然目前全国高考的总体录取率已经大幅提高，但本科招生指标尤其是重点高校在很多地方仍显“僧多粥少”。而落实“异地高考”方案，势必给随迁子女较多的省份带来更多的冲击。

Although at present the national college entrance examination's overall rates have greatly increased,But the undergraduate enrollment index especially key universities in many places still show"Placements across".And carry out"Different college entrance examination"scheme,Will lead to SuiQian children more provinces bring more impact.

　　广东省教育厅负责人说，每年的高校招生计划，特别是本科和高水平大学的招生计划相对不足的情况依然突出。如果全面放开随迁子女在粤参加高考，广东高考报考人数将会大幅度增加，优质高校特别是高水平大学在粤招生计划偏少的矛盾将会更加尖锐，广东高考考生竞争会更为激烈。此前有广东媒体报道，要保持广东目前80%左右的高考录取率不下降的话，每年要增加15.2万个招生计划。而这个缺口无论是省内解决，还是靠省外院校调剂，几乎都是“不可能完成的任务”。

Guangdong provincial officials said,Every college enrollment plan,Especially undergraduate and high level of university enrollment plan of relative shortage is still outstanding.If fully open SuiQian children in guangdong to participate in college entrance examination,Guangdong college entrance examination number of applicants will be greatly increased,High quality university, especially high-level university enrollment plan in guangdong partial less contradiction will be more sharp,Guangdong college entrance examination candidates competition will be more intense.There have been media reports in guangdong,To keep guangdong currently 80% of college entrance examination rates don't fall words,Every year 152000 to increase enrollment plan.And the gap whether province solve,Or an outside the province colleges and universities dispensing,Are almost"Mission impossible".

　　我国高考招生指标投放一直是动态调整的，除在考生数量等基础上尽量均衡之外，向高校所在地适当倾斜，向边远贫困地区适当倾斜。但由于高等教育资源区域差异大，重点高校招生指标投放在各地也存在较大差异。在总体指标数变化不大、大规模扩招逐渐止步的情况下，要“保障当地高考录取比例不因符合条件的随迁子女参加当地高考而受到影响”，指标不足的部分哪里来？

Our country college entrance examination enrollment index has been put on the dynamic adjustment,In addition to the number of candidates based on the outside as far as possible equilibrium,College is located to appropriately,Appropriately to outlying and poverty-stricken areas.But due to the higher education resources big regional differences,Key indicators on the college enrollment in every also put in bigger difference.In the overall index number changed/Large-scale enrollment gradually under the condition of walking,to"Ensure the local college entrance examination admission scale not by the qualified SuiQian children to participate in local college entrance examination and affected",Index insufficient part where to?

　　为此，也有一些地方提出可“借考”，但各地考卷不同，借考的分数如何算？按成绩，试卷不同；按比例，各地教育质量不同，极易引发更为复杂的问题。福建省教育部门负责人对记者表示，希望教育部、发改委能适当增加优质高校在福建的招生计划，抵冲外省随迁子女参加高考所挤占的本科招生计划指标，避免因本省生源优质高等教育入学机会被挤占带来的影响。北京市教育部门提出，增加高校招生计划、提供借考服务等工作还需要国家主管部委的统筹协调以及人口流出地省市的协调配合，如何有效平衡京籍学生和非京籍学生的升学利益，难度很大。

therefore,There are some places can be put forward"JieKao",But all different test,JieKao score how to calculate?According to the results,Paper different;According to the proportion,Education quality all different,Easily cause more complicated problem.Fujian province education department person in charge told reporters,Hope that the ministry of education/Development and reform commission can properly increase the quality of university in fujian to recruit students to plan,Offset SuiQian provincial children to participate in college entrance examination occupy of undergraduate enrollment plan index,Avoid the province for students of higher education quality admission opportunity squeezes effects.The education department put forward,Increased college enrollment plan/Provide JieKao service need national competent ministries and commissions and the overall coordination of the places of the provinces and cities coordination,How to effectively balance the cadastral cadastral students and not the students' study interest,Very difficult.

　　为了“异地高考”方案顺利出台落实，国务院转发教育部等部门的文件中提出，“对符合在当地参加升学考试条件的随迁子女净流入数量较大的省份，教育部、发改委采取适当增加高校招生计划等措施，保障当地高考录取比例不因符合条件的随迁子女参加当地高考而受到影响。”但据记者了解，目前教育部、发改委还没有相关工作进展的消息发布。

In order to"Different college entrance examination"Plan out smoothly carry out,The ministry of education and other departments of the state council transmitted documents presented in,"In accordance with local conditions in the entrance examination of the net SuiQian children greater number of provinces,The ministry of education/Development and reform commission (NDRC) take appropriate measures such as increasing college enrollment plan,Ensure the local college entrance examination admission scale not by the qualified SuiQian children to participate in local college entrance examination and affected."But according to reporter understanding,At present the ministry of education/Development and reform commission has not related working progress news release.

落实“异地高考”，社会管理改革要跟进 implement"Different college entrance examination",Social management reform should follow up

　　在落实“异地高考”的理想和现实之间，增加教育资源投入和录取指标的难题如何突破？国家教育咨询委员会委员谈松华认为，关键在于社会管理改革要同步跟进。

In order to"Different college entrance examination"Between the ideal and the reality,Increase the education resources input and admission index problem how to break through?National education advisory committee about pine China think,The key lies in social management reform to synchronous follow-up.

　　考生流入较多的地方都不同程度地存在教育资源承载的问题。谈松华说，随迁子女的义务教育，国家出台了政策，要求经费跟着孩子走，各地均较好地解决了随迁子女义务教育入学问题。高中阶段教育是非义务教育，像北上广等地，随迁子女数量以数十万计，不是小的调整就能满足需求。目前没有明确的政策要求，各地很难解决财政投入难题，根源在于包括户籍制度在内的社会管理改革滞后。城市化过程中，外来务工人员在城市的身份没有得到认定，就无法保障享受到城市的公共服务。如果明确了务工人员的城市居民身份，享受同等待遇，各地自然必须兴建相应数量的学校来满足需求。

Candidates into more places exist to varying degrees education resources bearing problems.About pine China said,SuiQian their children's compulsory education,The country has issued a policy,Request funds follow children go,All parts of better solve the SuiQian children obligation education entrance problem.High school education is compulsory education,Like north wide, etc,SuiQian number of offspring to hundreds of thousands,Not small adjustments can meet the demand.There is no clear policy requirements,It is difficult to solve all financial investment problem,Root including the household registration system, the reform of social management.In the process of urbanization,Migrant workers in the city's identity has not been recognized,Can't guarantee to enjoy the city's public service.If has been clear about the migrant workers in urban residents identity,Enjoy equal treatment,All natural must build the corresponding number of schools to meet demand.

　　谈松华说，录取指标的难题也缘于此。目前指标分配状况一定程度上是历史形成的。新中国成立后新建部属高校多半都建立在行政部门所在地，比如北京。有一个时期，一些高校搬迁，分流到西北等各地，但是后来又有许多高校搬回大城市。大城市在土地、财政等方面给予高校支持，同时要求高校在招生录取指标投放上给予“回报”，是长期以来存在的一个现实。比如复旦大学在上海地区的招生指标曾经达到全年录取指标的一半。后来教育部出台政策，各重点高校在所在地指标投放不能超过年度全部指标的30%，倾斜状况稍有好转。但是对于北京来讲，每个高校不超过30%，总体指标数量仍然远远超出全国其他地方。现在每年高考指标投放随人口比例一直动态调整，但并没有整体性方案。同时大幅度的调整又会影响录取率，一步到位很难，问题关键还是在“居民身份认定”上。

About pine China said,Admission index problem also because of this.At present index distribution condition to a certain extent, is the history of the formation.After the founding of the new line most are based on the administrative department,Such as Beijing.There is a period,Some colleges and universities move,Shunt to the northwest and so on each place,But then there are many university moved back to big cities.Big cities in the land/Financial support to universities, etc,At the same time the requirement in college enrollment index dropped to give"return",Is there has long been a reality.Such as the fudan university in Shanghai admissions index once admitted to the half of the indicators.Later, the ministry of education policy,The universities in the index put no more than 30% of all the indicators,Inclined situation is somewhat better.But for Beijing speaking,Each university not more than 30%,The overall index number still far beyond the rest of the country.Now every year college entrance examination index on the proportion of the population has been with the dynamic adjustment,But no integrity solutions.At the same time greatly adjustment and will affect the acceptance rate,One pace reachs the designated position it is difficult to,The key problem is in"Resident identity"on.

　　“户籍制度、社会管理改革不跟进，在外来务工人员应该享受的城市居民待遇没有清晰之前，教育资源短缺的问题解决困难。”谈松华一再强调。(记者 李玉兰 吴春燕 高建进 王 瑟 杜弋鹏)

"The household registration system/Social management reform does not follow up,In the migrant workers should enjoy city residents before treatment is not clear,Education resources shortage problem solving difficult."Talk about pine China emphasized.(Reporter LiYuLan WuChunYan king GaoJianJin harp Yi du peng)