与那些文科大师们有所不同，基础学科里那些成绩卓著的大师们，总是因为其专业的深奥，和外界难免有距离感。中国科学院院士唐有祺就是这样一位大师，他把中国化学带入国际轨道，是中国分子工程学、化学生物学等新兴学科的倡导者。对于外界来说，却鲜有人知道，他早在上世纪50年代就测定了我国第一批晶体结构，为世界上首次合成了人工蛋白质结晶牛胰岛素打下了坚实的基础。

With the different arts masters,Basic subject in the vintage masters,Always because of its professional esoteric,And the outside world distance is unavoidable.Chinese academy of sciences TangYouQi is such a master,He put the Chinese chemical into the international track,Is China's molecular engineering/Chemical biology and other emerging discipline advocates.For the outside world for,But few people know,He in the early 1950 s for the determination of China's first batch of crystal structure,For the world's first artificial synthesis of protein crystal cow insulin to lay a solid foundation.

　　20世纪初，他们锐意进取，开风气之先，他们在各自的行业不懈追求，成绩卓然……今天，让我们走近这些跨世纪的大师，感受他们的人格魅力，重温一个时代的精髓。

Twenty century,They forge ahead,Open the fashion,In their respective industry unremitting pursuit,Performance outstanding...today,Let us come near the cross-century master,Feel their personality charm,Review the essence of an era.

　　唐有祺， 1920年7月生，1980年当选为中国科学院化学部委员（院士），为我国晶体化学和结构化学研究做了重要奠基和发展工作，为推动我国化学与生物学交叉学科和分子工程学的发展作出了重要贡献。他早在上世纪50年代就撰文关注生物大分子结构研究，后相继提出和指导胰岛素晶体结构测定工作，领导开展了蛋白质结构和分子设计研究，并历任“生命过程中重要化学问题研究”攀登项目首席科学家。

TangYouQi, Born in July 1920,In 1980 was elected to the Chinese academy of sciences of chemistry(academician),For our country crystal chemistry and structural chemistry research made important foundation and development work,In order to promote chemical and biological interdisciplinary and molecular engineering development has made important contributions.He in the early 1950 s attention biological macromolecular structure research articles,One after another after put forward and guidance work insulin crystal structure determination,Leadership in protein structure and molecular design research,And successive"In the process of life is an important chemical problem research"Climbing project chief scientist.

从化学中探索生命科学 From the chemical exploration in life science

　　在中国历史上，有一项纪录不能忽略：1965年9月，中国在世界上首次人工合成了蛋白质结晶牛胰岛素，这标志着人工合成蛋白质时代的开始，是生命科学发展史上一个重要里程碑。但在此之后，研究应继续往何处发展？在1966年4月人工合成胰岛素鉴定委员会第二次会议上，唐有祺提出了未来的研究方向：可以用X射线衍射的方法测定胰岛素晶体的空间结构，由此为研究蛋白质结构与功能的关系打开一个缺口。也正是基于这一提议，相关研究团队在1971年完成了猪胰岛素晶体结构测定，获得了诺贝尔化学奖获得者霍奇金的盛赞：“北京图谱目前是（也许永远是）胰岛素最精确的图谱”。

In the Chinese history,Have a record cannot ignore:In September 1965,China for the first time in the world the synthetic protein crystallization cattle insulin,This marks the beginning of the era of synthetic protein,Life sciences is an important milestone in the history.But after that,Where should continue to study the development?In April 1966 the synthetic insulin appraisal committee meeting,TangYouQi puts forward the future research direction:Can use X-ray diffraction methods to determine insulin crystal space structure,The research for protein structure and function relationship open a gap.It is also based on this proposal,Related research team in 1971 completed the pig insulin crystal structure determination,Won the Nobel Prize in chemistry prize winner Hodgkin's praise:"Beijing map is now(May is always)Insulin is the most accurate map".

　　也是在唐有祺的指导下，北京大学物理化学所从1982年起恢复了蛋白质结构分析工作，应用分子置换法，成功地研究了绿豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂的赖氨酸活力碎片牛胰蛋白酶复合物的晶体结构，并得出了赖氨酸活力碎片的立体结构。或许，我们可以用更简单但不那么严谨的语言来阐述这项研究对于普通人的意义胰蛋白酶抑制剂在临床上，可用于预防和治疗急性胰腺炎，并可用于抗休克治疗。此外，在腹腔手术后直接注入腹腔，能预防肠粘连。

Under the guidance of TangYouQi is in,Beijing university htma physics since 1982, restored the protein structure analysis,Application of molecular displacement method,Successfully studied mung bean trypsin inhibitor of lysine vitality fragments cattle trypsin complex crystal structure,And it is concluded that the lysine vitality debris solid structure.maybe,We can use more simple but less rigorous language to elaborate the significance of the study for ordinary people trypsin inhibitor in clinic,Can be used for the prevention and treatment of acute pancreatitis,And can be used for resistance to shock treatment.In addition,In abdominal surgery injected directly into the abdominal cavity,Can prevent intestinal adhesion.

　　但作为新中国化学学科的奠基人，唐有祺为学科建设所作出的贡献远远不止这些。让时光倒流回上世纪50年代，那时候，在新中国的化学界，晶体化学和大分子结构研究还是一片空白。从国外留学归来的唐有祺，在新组建的北京大学化学系任教并开设了晶体学等一系列课程，为我国晶体化学和结构化学研究做了重要奠基和发展工作。与此同时，他还参与了X射线衍射实验室的建设，将北京大学、中科院应用物理所、中科院化学所的人力和物力结合在一起，测定了我国第一批晶体结构，并在上世纪50年代后半期培养出一批能从事结构化学研究的人才。

But as the founder of new China chemical subject,TangYouQi for discipline construction the contribution made far more than these.Let the time flow back to the 1950 s,At that time,In the new China's chemical boundary,Crystal chemistry and macromolecular structure or a blank.Returning from abroad TangYouQi,In the newly formed Beijing university majoring in chemistry teaching and opened the crystallography and so on a series of courses,For our country crystal chemistry and structural chemistry research made important foundation and development work.meanwhile,He also participated in the X ray diffraction laboratory construction,Beijing university/Chinese academy of sciences WuLiSuo application/Htma) of Chinese academy of sciences of human and material resources together,For the determination of China's first batch of crystal structure,In the second half of the 1950 s and cultivate a batch of can engaged in structural chemistry research talents.

　　在化学学科发展中，唐有祺也起到了重要作用。上世纪70年代中期，他就提出“分子工程学”的概念。他认为，传统化学着眼于研究天然产物和耕耘周期表等来发现和合成单一化合物，而分子工程学是逆向而行，研究对象也由单一化合物扩展到各类复杂的功能体系。分子工程学作为化学的一个新分支，对化学的长远发展大有裨益。也正是由于唐有祺的提议，1994年，北京大学化学系进行“学院化”改革时，更名为“化学与分子工程学院”。对唐有祺来说，几十年辉煌科教人生的起点，还要从他的高中时代说起。

The development of a discipline in chemistry,TangYouQi also played an important role.The mid 1970 s,He proposed"Molecular engineering"concept.He thinks,The traditional chemical research focused on natural products, such as periodic table and to find and synthetic single compound,And molecular engineering is reverse and line,The subjects also by a single compound spread to all kinds of complex function system.Molecular engineering as a new branch of chemistry,For the long-term development of chemical is beneficial.It is also because TangYouQi proposal,In 1994,,Beijing university department of chemistry for"College change"When reform,renamed"Chemistry and molecular engineering institute".For TangYouQi to,Dozens of years of brilliant science and the start of life,Even from his high school about.

高中时对摸不着的 High school to touched

微观世界很感兴趣 Small world very interested

　　1920年的夏天，唐有祺出生于上海南汇新场镇（当时属江苏省）一个普通的商人家庭。他的高中时代，是在当时的“江南四大名中”之一的上海中学度过。

In the summer of 1920,TangYouQi was born in Shanghai nanhui inspiration town(At the time of jiangsu province)A common merchant family.His high school,Is at the time of the"Jiangnan four big name"Through one of the Shanghai high school.

　　“我上初中的时候，如果累了就不去上学，去玩或者在家里自学。后来，我高中考进了上海中学。”这段经历，老人说来轻描淡写，但如果对上海中学的历史有所了解，就会明白，这种云淡风轻背后，有着怎样的自信打底。作为当时的“江南四大名中”之一，当时的上海中学数理化课程都是采用美国大学的教材，而在这里学习的三年时间，也给唐有祺未来的求学之路打下了坚实的基础，用他自己的话说，就是“英文和数理化，达到了比较高的水平”。

"I top junior high school of time,If tired will not go to school,To play or in the home self-study.later,I high tests into the Shanghai middle school."This experience,The old man speaking understatement,But if the Shanghai middle school's history as well,Will understand,This YunDanFengQing behind,How has the confidence base.As the"Jiangnan four big name"of,The Shanghai middle school science curriculum is the American university teaching materials,And in here to study three years time,Also give TangYouQi future study road to lay a solid foundation,In his own words,is"English and science,Reached higher level".

　　那时候，高中的物理课和化学课向唐有祺展现出一个看不见摸不着的微观世界，电磁效应和化学反应是那样神秘，而正是这种种神秘之处激发了他的好奇心和浓厚兴趣。只是，如同那个时代的许许多多年轻人一样，个人原本的志趣在现实的撞击下，多多少少会偏离最初的航线，唐有祺也不例外。

At that time,The high school physics class and chemistry class to TangYouQi show a see touched microcosm,Electromagnetic effect and chemical reaction is so mysterious,And it is this kind of mysterious place inspired his curiosity and interest.just,As the era of many young people,The original personal interests in real bump,More or less will deviate from the original route,TangYouQi is no exception.

　　“我高中毕业后，就想考清华大学的电机工程。本来上海有个招生点，我就报了名，结果正要去考的时候，抗日战争爆发了，上海的招生点也取消了。我最后就去考了同济大学。” 但唐有祺对同济的工程科目并不太感兴趣，最后权衡之下还是选择了化学专业。

"I graduate from high school,Just want to take an examination of the tsinghua university electrical engineering.Shanghai was a recruit students point,I applied to,The results are going to test time,The Anti-Japanese War broke out,Shanghai admissions point also cancelled.I finally got to tongji university." But TangYouQi to tongji engineering course is not too interested,Under the balance or choose the chemical professional.

　　但唐有祺在同济大学的五年，并不是“两耳不闻窗外事，一心只读圣贤书”的五年，1937年同济大学迁往内地，并几易其址。唐有祺也随之辗转多地，足迹遍布国内九省。这段经历让他“对内地情况比较熟悉”，“年轻人，多一些经历是好事。”他一再强调。

But TangYouQi in tongji university five years,Is not"Two ears not smell things out of the window,Read only sage with books"Five years,In 1937, tongji university moved to the mainland,And a few easy its address.TangYouQi also then toss more,Footprint of nine provinces throughout the country.This experience let him"In the mainland, the situation is more familiar with","The young man,Some more experience is a good thing."He emphasized.

　　1942年，唐有祺从同济大学毕业，先是去了昆明，后又到重庆工作，1945年回到了上海。这几段工作经历，特别是在重庆建设电解铁片实验厂的工作经历，让唐有祺产生了新的想法，那就是要在应用化学方面做些创新，自己已有的知识和技术已经不太够用了，与此同时，他越来越意识到探索物质微观世界的意义，因此，追求更前沿知识就成了必然选择。而机遇也恰在此时到来，1946年，唐有祺与众多志向远大的中国年轻人一起赶赴美国深造。

In 1942,,TangYouQi graduated from tongji university,First go to kunming,After work to chongqing,In 1945, returned to Shanghai.This a few pieces of work experience,Especially in the chongqing construction electrolytic plate ShiYanChang work experience,Let TangYouQi produced new ideas,It is in the application to chemical aspects do some innovation,Their existing knowledge and technology have not too will be enough,meanwhile,He became more and more aware of the significance of exploring material microscopic world,so,The pursuit of more frontier knowledge became inevitable choice.And opportunities and just at this time arrival,In 1946,,TangYouQi and many ambitious young Chinese together to America for further study.

赴美求学遇名师 To study here in the teacher

　　幸运的是，在美国加州理工学院这个只有一个街区大小的校园里，唐有祺遇到了他人生中的又一位恩师莱纳斯·卡尔·鲍林。鲍林不止是20世纪对化学科学影响最大的人之一，也是量子化学和结构生物学的先驱者之一，他所撰写的《化学键的本质》被认为是化学史上最重要的著作之一，并获得了诺贝尔化学奖。而得遇名师，也是唐有祺能够将国际化学前沿知识带回中国的重要原因。

fortunately,In the California institute of technology, this is only a block size of the campus,TangYouQi met of his life and a teacher's lai Lawrence Karl Pauling.Pauling is more than twenty century to the chemical science one of the biggest influence,Quantum chemistry and is one of the pioneers of structural biology,He has written[The nature of chemical bond]Is considered to be the most important chemical history of one of the works,And won the Nobel Prize for chemistry.And meet the teacher,Also can TangYouQi international chemical frontier knowledge back to China's important reason.

　　“我与鲍林的师生关系是从1946年9月开始的。他知道我刚到美国什么都不熟悉，就建议我该上哪些课程，还一直关心我的学习、生活。”在鲍林的建议下，唐有祺主修化学，辅修物理，主攻X射线晶体学和化学键本质。在鲍林门下，唐有祺不仅学到了很多前沿知识，更学到了现实世界中为人处世的道理与信念。一个典型的例子是，鲍林坚决反对把科技成果用于战争。他特别反对核战争，号召科学家们致力于和平运动。而唐有祺也向记者强调：“科学是理性的，也是一个工具，要看人类怎么用它。人类要发展，要跟自然相处，除了拿走自己需要的，还要把自然保持好。另一方面讲，科技也可以把自然、把人类毁灭掉。科学用得好就了不起，但不是说，科学怎么用都是好的。”

"I am with Pauling relationship between teachers and students from the starting in September of 1946.He knows that I have just arrived in the United States are not familiar with what,It suggested that I should go up what course,Still care about my study/life."In the Pauling's suggestion,TangYouQi majoring in chemistry,Minor physical,Main X-ray crystallography and chemical bond nature.In the Pauling door,TangYouQi not only learned a lot of frontier knowledge,The more learned in the real world communicating reason and faith.A typical example is,Pauling are firmly opposed to the scientific and technological achievements for war.He especially against nuclear war,Calls for scientists to be committed to the peace movement.And TangYouQi also emphasized to the reporter:"Science is rational,Is also a tool,To see the human how to use it.Human development,To get along with nature,In addition to take you need,To make good nature conservation.On the other hand,Science and technology also can put the natural/The destruction of the human.With good science is amazing,But not to say that,How to use the science is good."

　　也是在鲍林这位秉持科学信念的导师帮助下，1951年，回国受阻的唐有祺，借助国际晶体学联合会在瑞典斯德哥尔摩召开第二届大会的机会，绕道欧洲，辗转瑞典、英国、荷兰、法国等地，历经一个多月，才终于回到了祖国。而师生这一别，就是二十多年未曾见面，直到上世纪70年代，鲍林到中国讲学，这对分别已久的师生才得以重逢。

Also in Pauling the uphold the scientific belief teacher help,In 1951,,To the TangYouQi hindered,With the aid of international crystallography association held in Stockholm, Sweden, the second session of the conference of the opportunity,Bypass Europe,Toss Sweden/British/The Netherlands/France and other,After more than a month,Finally returned to the motherland.And the teachers and students that don't,Is more than twenty years have not met,Until the 1970 s,Pauling to give lectures in China,The were already a long time of the teachers and students to meet again.

耄耋之年仍笔耕不辍 A very still earns a living by pen ceaselessly

　　从上世纪90年代末开始，唐有祺陆续卸掉身兼的各项社会职务。但他仍然用各种方式继续贡献着自己的智慧和力量。耄耋之年，唐有祺笔耕不辍，拿出了400多万字的书稿，在2008年出版了共有8卷的《唐有祺文集》，来回顾自己的人生经历和学术生涯。

Since the late 1990 s,In TangYouQi uninstalled body and the various social position.But he still use a variety of ways to continue to contribute their wisdom and strength.snows,TangYouQi earns a living by pen ceaselessly,Took out more than 400 words book,Published in 2008 in eight of the volume[TangYouQi corpus],To review his life experience and academic career.

　　2011年6月，年逾九旬的唐有祺还参加了中国科学院的征文活动，提笔写下他的科研历程，讲述他“心中的中国科学院”。唐有祺还在文中提出引人深思的问题，“科学事业的意义和作用，如何落实到国家的富强、人民的幸福和人类的进步上”，“这个问题也涉及我们搞多少基础和应用研究？培养多少不同类型和学科的人才？以及科学事业中的人与事如何正确评价和评比。”

In June 2011,Over the JiuXun TangYouQi also took part in the activities of the Chinese academy of sciences of the essay,Start to write down your his scientific research process,About his"The heart of the Chinese academy of sciences".TangYouQi also in this paper put forward questions that are thought-provoking,"The significance and role of scientific career,How to carry out to the country will become stronger and more prosperous/People's happiness and human progress on","The problem is how we get involved in basic and applied research?How many different types of training and discipline talents?And the scientific career and how to correct evaluation and comparison."

　　闲暇时，唐有祺也喜欢陪伴夫人张丽珠到处走走。翻开那一本本积累下来的相册，里面呈献的是他们相濡以沫的回忆：从1951年重逢时两人的合影，到几年后与一双子女的全家福，再到后来有孙辈在他们怀中欢笑；从韶山到香港，从北京机场候机室到三亚亚龙湾海底世界，从东京迪士尼到瑞典商店门外的长椅上……变换的是身后的风景和岁月，不变的是两个人“执子之手，与子偕老”的幸福。（文图：上海站记者 李媛）

When leisure,TangYouQi also like Mrs. With ZhangLiZhu around.Turn over the YiBenBen accumulated photo album,It is the same present their memories:From 1951 when two people meet the photo,To a few years later with a pair of children's family,Then later have grandchildren in their arms laughter;From shaoshan to Hong Kong,From Beijing airport lounge to yalong bay underwater world,From Tokyo Disney to Sweden store the bench...Transformation is the scenery behind and years,The same is two people"Give me your hand,And son xielao"happiness.(Wen diagram:Shanghai LiYuan reporter)