4%终于从梦想变成现实 4% finally from dream into reality

　　2013年全国两会刚刚拉开帷幕，可以预见的是，在此期间，国家财政性教育经费支出占国内生产总值的4%这一目标有没有实现，实现后新增的大笔教育经费投给了谁、花在哪儿、产生了多大效益，必然会成为两会代表委员讨论和追问的热点。

National two sessions has just kicked off in 2013,It is expected,During this period,State financial education funding accounts for 4% of gross domestic product have this goal implementation,After implement the new lot of education funds who voted/Where is the flower/How much benefit,Is bound to become a focus and pressed by the NPC representatives.

　　4%，是《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要（2010~2020）》明确提出要在2012年实现的目标，是温家宝总理去年在政府工作报告中的郑重承诺，也是萦绕在国人心中多年的梦想。

4%,is[The national medium - and long-term plan for education reform and development(2010-2020)]Clearly put forward to achieve in 2012,Is the commitment of premier wen jiabao in his government work report last year,Also in the people heart dream for many years.

　　来自国家统计局和财政部的数据显示，4%这个目标已经如期实现。2012年，我国国内生产总值为519322亿元，按照4%计算，财政性教育经费支出应为20772亿元。根据财政部网站上公布的《2012年财政收支情况》，全国公共财政教育支出为21165亿元，比预算还多支出了393亿元。

Data from the national bureau of statistics and the ministry of finance show,The 4% target has been implemented on schedule.In 2012,,China's gross domestic product for 51.9322 trillion yuan,Calculated according to 4%,Financial education spending should be 2.0772 trillion yuan.According to the Treasury website[Balance of the fiscal 2012],National public fiscal education expenditure of 2.1165 trillion yuan,39.3 billion yuan more than the budget spending.

　　自从1993年国务院首次提出4%的目标到今天，经过近20年的马拉松长跑，多年的梦想终于成为现实。

The state council put forward the target of 4% for the first time since 1993 to today,After nearly 20 years of a marathon,Years of dream finally become a reality.

　

　新增教育经费主要用在薄弱环节，让民众直接受益 New education funds is mainly used in weak links,Allow people to directly benefit

　　2012年的全国财政收入为117210亿元，教育支出是21165亿元，也就是说，国家拿出了六分之一的财政收入用在了教育事业上。

In 2012 the national fiscal revenue is 11.721 trillion yuan,Education spending is 2.1165 trillion yuan,That is to say,Countries took out one 6 of revenues in the education career.

　　怎么科学合理地使用如此庞大的教育经费，是社会关注的焦点。今年两会前夕，教育部就新增教育经费的使用向公众亮出了账单。透过一连串的数据和项目可以看出，对于新增教育经费的管理和使用，相关部门以公众利益为目标导向，薄弱环节和关键领域成为投入重点，实现了“四个倾斜”：向农村地区、贫困地区、民族地区倾斜；向农村义务教育、职业教育和学前教育倾斜；向特殊困难学生倾斜；向建设高水平教师队伍倾斜。

How scientific and rational use of education funds so big,Is the focus of social attention.The two sessions this year on the eve of,The ministry of education is the use of the new education funding to the public with the bill.Through a series of data and projects can be seen,For new education funds management and use,Relevant departments to the public interest as the goal orientation,Weak links and key areas to become key,To realize the"Four inclined":To the rural areas/In poor areas/Tilt in national regions;To the rural compulsory education/Vocational education and pre-school education;Leaning to special difficult student;Leaning to construction high level teaching team.

　　教育部提出要“补短板”，而首当其冲的短板就是学前教育——因为多年“欠债”，学前教育已是教育体系中最薄弱的环节，“入园难、入园贵”成为社会热点难点问题。

The ministry of education puts forward to"Fill short board",And the first short board is preschool education, for many years"In debt",Preschool education has been the weakest link in the education system,"Difficult in the park/You in the park"The difficulties become social hot problem.

　　作为北京市的一个普通市民，林女士并不是很清楚各级政府是如何去补学前教育这块短板的，但她能明显地感觉到，国家开始重视幼儿园并增加投入了。因为，在CPI指数居高不下的背景下，她女儿所在幼儿园收费去年反而下降了。

As a citizen of Beijing,Ms. Lin is not clear at all levels of government is how to fill preschool education this board,But she can obviously feel,Country attaches great importance to the kindergarten and increase investment.Because of the,Under the background of high CPI,Her daughter is in kindergarten fees actually fell last year.

　　林女士的女儿就读于一所单位自办园，已经上了两年多。之前，每月保教费和生活费合计要交1600元，而从去年春季学期开始，缴纳费用变成1000元。“幼儿园肯定是拿到国家的财政补贴了，否则怎么可能少收钱呢。”林女士认为，按照幼儿园现行收费标准，如果没有政府投入根本不可能维持正常运转。

Ms. Lin's daughter, study in the garden change a unit,Has gone on for more than two years.before,Wang fees and living expenses amount to 1600 yuan a month,Since last spring semester start,Pay fees to 1000 yuan."Kindergarten is certainly got the state subsidies,Otherwise how can you less money."Ms. Lin think,According to the current kindergarten fees,If there is no government investment impossible to maintain normal operation.

　　让林女士产生上述感受的，是以下这些看似枯燥的政策和数字。

These feelings let Ms. Lin,Is the following these seemingly boring policy and Numbers.

　　数据显示，为扩大学前教育资源，中央财政累计安排专项资金253亿元，主要用在支持中西部地区利用农村闲置校舍改建幼儿园和支持农村中小学增设附属幼儿园，扶持民办幼儿园发展以及幼儿奖补等项目。

According to data,To expand pre-school education resources,The central government has allocated 25.3 billion yuan for special funds,Mainly used in supporting the central and western regions of rural idle buildings reconstruction in kindergarten and support rural primary and secondary schools set up affiliated kindergarten,Support the development of private kindergarten and children's prize for repair.

　　按照“地方先行，中央奖补”的原则，中央财政全面启动学前教育资助工作。2012年共安排奖补资金8亿元，重点支持24个省份开展此项工作。

In accordance with the"Place first,The prize for"The principle of,The central government started preschool education work.Arrange fill prize money 800 million yuan in 2012,Key support 24 provinces in the work.

　　在中央财政和各地的共同努力下，全国学前教育资源快速扩大，2010～2011年全国新建、改扩建幼儿园4万多所，新增在园幼儿560多万人，增长量超过前10年增量的两倍；学前3年毛入园率达到62.3%，提前实现“十二五”目标。

Around the central government and the joint efforts of,Preschool education resources rapidly expanding throughout the country,2010 ~ 2011 national construction/Covering more than 40000 kindergartens,New garden more than 560 children in 560,Twice the incremental growth in more than 10 years before;Preschool RuYuanLv MAO 3 years up to 62.3%,Ahead of schedule"The 12th five-year"The target.

　　除了学前教育之外，历来薄弱的义务教育和职业教育，也是教育公共政策和新增经费投入的关注重点。

In addition to preschool education,Compulsory education and vocational education has historically been weak,Is education and new funds into the focus of public policy.

　　从2009年开始实施中小学校舍安全工程，中央财政4年累计安排300亿元，带动地方投入3000多亿元，13.6万所学校、约3.5亿平方米的校舍通过加固改造或新建重建达到抗震设防标准和综合防灾要求。各级政府的校舍安全意识和责任感显著增强，“最牢固、最安全、最让人民群众放心”的校舍安全理念已经深入人心。

Launched in 2009 primary and middle school building safety engineering,The central government four years accumulative total of 30 billion yuan,Drive the local investment more than 3000 one hundred million yuan,136000 schools/Or about 350 million square meters of school buildings through the reinforcement and reconstruction new reconstruction to fulfill the requirements of seismic fortification standards and comprehensive disaster prevention.Governments at all levels of schools significantly enhanced safety awareness and responsibility,"The most strong/The most secure/The most let people trust"School safety concept already thorough popular feeling.

　　在职业教育方面，2010～2012年，中央财政共投入资金223亿元，加强职业教育基础能力建设，提高吸引力，提升服务经济社会的水平。师资是职业教育的发展瓶颈。2012年，中央安排专项资金7.2亿元，实施职业院校专业骨干教师培训等项目。

In the aspect of vocational education,In 2010 ~ 2012,The central government has invested 22.3 billion yuan,We will improve vocational education foundation ability construction,Improve the attraction,Enhance the level of service economic society.Teacher is the development bottleneck of vocational education.In 2012,,The central arranged special funds 720 million yuan,Vocational colleges professional backbone teachers training and so on.

　

　经费首先保证雪中送炭 First, ensure timely

　　对于新增教育经费的使用，教育部明确提出要多做雪中送炭的事，保障和促进教育公平。

For the use of new education funds,The ministry of education explicitly put forward to do more timely,Guarantee and promote education fairness.

　　一个极具代表性的事例是，中央财政的阳光开始照耀到中西部地区的地方高校身上。

Is a representative example,Sun began to shine in the central and western regions of central finance local colleges and universities.

　　熟悉高等教育的人都知道，地方财政投入不足，巨额银行欠贷，优秀人才难以引进，是我国中西部地区地方高校普遍面临的困境。相比之下，由中央财政拨款的部属高校，日子就要好过得多。

Be familiar with the higher education knows that,Local fiscal investment,Huge unpaid loans for Banks,Talent is difficult to introduce,Is the central and western regions in China where the plight of the common colleges and universities.By contrast,By the central finance allocates funds affiliated colleges and universities,Day is much easier.

　　如今，地方高校也可以从4%做大的蛋糕里分得一杯羹。

now,Local colleges can make big cake from 4% in the pie.

　　据教育部有关负责人介绍，中央财政在提高部属高校生均基本拨款定额的同时，2011年、2012年安排地方高校提高生均拨款水平奖补资金，29个省份（含计划单列市）地方高校生均拨款水平超过1.2万元。同时，实施地方高校综合实力提升计划，在没有教育部直属高校的14个中西部省份，中央财政安排专项资金，每省支持建设一所地方高水平大学。

Concerns chief introduction according to the ministry of education,The central government in improving basic funding quota China affiliated colleges and universities at the same time,In 2011,/2012 China arrange local colleges to improve funding level prize money,29 provinces(Contain the cities under separate state planning)China local university funding levels more than 12000 yuan.At the same time,Comprehensive strength promotion plan implementation of local colleges and universities,In the absence of colleges and universities directly under the ministry of education in 14 central and western provinces,The central government allocated special funds,Each province support for building a high-level university.

　　新增教育经费还用于支持地方化解高校债务，中央财政下达专项奖补资金，支持地方化解高校债务风险，提升财务风险防范能力。

The new education funding is also used to support local colleges and universities to resolve the debt,The central government issued a special prize money,Support local colleges and universities to resolve the debt risk,Enhance financial risk prevention capabilities.

　　这一点得到了陕西铁路工程职业技术学院院长王长友的证实。这位高职高专院校负责人告诉中国青年报记者，从2011年开始，陕西省大幅度提高了包括高职高专院校在内的所有高校的生均经费，本科院校增加到1.2万元，高职高专学校增加到9000元，都翻了一番。

This point was not lost on shaanxi institute of technology of profession of railway engineering, dean of Wang Changyou confirmed.The head of vocational college told China youth daily reporter,Starting in 2011,Shaanxi province improved significantly all colleges and universities, including vocational college, China's budget,Undergraduate course colleges and universities increased to 12000 yuan,Higher vocational schools increased to 9000 yuan,Have doubled.

　　而且，在中央财政的支持下，陕西省去年开始帮助地方高校化解债务，每所高校中央财政给提供50%的配套资金。“我们陕西高校多，这帮我们解决了大问题啊！”

and,With the support of the central government,Shaanxi province last year began to dissolve the debt help local colleges and universities,Each college by the central government to provide matching funds of 50%."Our colleges and universities in shaanxi province,It help us to solve the big problem!"

　　雪中送炭的举措不止这一项。

Nice surprise move more than this one.

　　比如，加大学生资助力度。从2011年秋季学期起，实施农村义务教育学生营养改善计划，中央财政每年安排160亿元为约2600万名农村义务教育阶段学生提供营养膳食补助。从2012年秋季学期起，中职免学费政策范围覆盖到所有农村学生，惠及1200多万名学生。从2012年秋季学期开始，设立高校新生入学资助项目，一次性补助中西部地区家庭经济困难新生交通费及入学后短期生活费，资助标准为省内院校录取新生每人500元、省外院校录取新生每人1000元。寒门子弟可以不用再为开学报到发愁了。

Such as the,Increase the intensity of student financial assistance.Since fall 2011 semester,Implementation of rural compulsory education students nutrition improvement plan,The central fiscal 16 billion yuan every year for about 26 million rural compulsory education students nutrition meal allowance.Since fall 2012 semester,Secondary tuition-free policy coverage to all rural students,Benefit more than 1200 students.Starting from the fall 2012 semester,New projects set up colleges and universities,One-time subsidies Midwest family economic difficulties students transportation and admission after short-term living expenses,Support standard enroll their students to colleges and universities in the province 500 yuan per person/Outside the province colleges and universities admit new 1000 yuan per person.Children who don't have to worry about registration again.

　　比如，加快集中连片特困地区普通高中发展。从2011年开始启动普通高中改造计划试点，2012年实施范围由西部12个省份扩大到中西部21个省份集中连片特困地区，中央补助资金由10亿元增加至20亿元。

Such as the,To speed up the concentrated destitute areas development of average high school.In 2011 started the pilot project of average high school,2012, scope of implementation by the 12 provinces in west expanded to 21 provinces concentrated destitute areas in the Midwest,The central subsidy funds increased from 1 billion yuan to 2 billion yuan.

　

　4%之后该做什么 4% after what to do

　　不可否认，在强有力的公共政策和教育投入的支持下，中国教育的外部环境已经得到极大改善，诸多矛盾得到缓解。

There is no denying that,In the strong under the support of public policy and education,China's education external environment has improved significantly,Many contradictions.

　　2006年前后是教育问题最为集中矛盾最为尖锐的一段时间，那时候，每到两会，教育是代表委员批评最热烈最集中最尖锐的领域之一。2006年两会，新华社发文给“教育不公”画像：一黑二斜三苦四丑，引起巨大反响。但这两年两会上，教育显然已经“风头不再”，前几天，有媒体盘点了今年两会网民关注的5个热门话题，教育已经不在其列。

Around 2006 is education problem is most concentrated contradiction is most acute for a period of time,At that time,Each to the two sessions,Education is the most warm on behalf of the committee criticized the most focus one of the most sharp areas.In 2006 two sessions,The xinhua news agency sent texts to the"Education unfair"portrait:A black two oblique three four ugly,Caused a big stir.But this two sessions on for two years,Education has clearly"Thunder is no longer",A few days ago,Media inventory are the two sessions this year five popular issues concerned by the netizens,Education is not one of them already.

　　但这并不意味着教育问题由此就得到了解决。有关人士指出，即便教育经费已经有了大幅增长，但很多问题还仍然存在。4%只是一个阶段性目标，今后还要继续保持财政性教育经费的稳定增长。

But that doesn't mean the education problem which is solved.Authorities pointed out that,Even if the education funds have increased significantly,But many problems still exist.4% is only a periodic goal,In the future will continue to maintain the stability of financial education funds growth.

　　而对于越来越多的教育经费，在用好的同时，还必须管好。

With more and more education funds,With good at the same time,Also have to ensure.

　　教育部已明确把2013年确定为“教育经费管理年”，尽最大努力做到科学化、精细化管理。事实上，教育部已经实施或准备实施一系列制度措施加强对教育经费投入和使用的监管。比如，颁布了《高等学校财务制度》、《中小学校财务制度》、高等学校科研经费管理办法、直属高校国有资产管理办法等。建立了对重大项目资金的全过程监督检查机制。建立了直属高校财务巡视制度。加强了教育内部审计。加大了信息公开力度，推动高校财务信息全面公开。加强专业化管理，全面提升经费管理水平。陕西铁路工程职业技术学院院长王长友告诉记者，现在对学校而言，无论是生均经费的使用，还是一些专项资金的使用，管理和审查都已经非常严格。

The ministry of education has clearly identified as 2013"Education fund management",Try your best to do it scientifically/Fine management.In fact,,System of the ministry of education has been implemented or ready to implement a series of measures to strengthen the supervision of education funds investment and use.Such as the,issued[Institutions of higher learning the financial system]/[Small and medium-sized school finance system]/Institutions of higher learning scientific research funds management method/Measures for the administration of colleges and universities directly under the state-owned assets, etc.Established the whole process supervision and inspection on major project funding mechanism.Set up in colleges and universities directly under the financial system of inspection Tours.To strengthen the education of internal audit.Strengthen the information disclosure,To promote comprehensive public financial information.To strengthen the professional management,Comprehensive budget management level of ascension.Shaanxi institute of technology of profession of railway engineering, dean of Wang Changyou told reporters,Now for the school,Both of them the use of funds,Or the use of some special funds,Manage and review are very strict.

　　本报北京3月4日电

Our newspaper Beijing on March 4