研究生岂能沦为导师的“科研苦力” His graduate student to mentor"Scientific labor"

　　最近，北京大学一名研究生因抵制“科研苦力”而发声明的事件引起网络热议。热议背后一个不争的事实是，高校研究生给导师“打工”、“当苦力”已成常态。学生们私下称导师为“老板”，不仅因为他们决定着学生们每月的收入补贴，更因为他们掌握着学生前途命运的“生杀大权”。

最近,A graduate student of Peking University for the boycott"Scientific labor"而发声明的事件引since网络热议.Behind the debate is an indisputable fact,Colleges and universities graduate student to mentor"To work"/"slavery"Has become the norm.The students call teacher in private"The boss",Because they not only determines the students monthly income subsidies,Because they have more student's fate"Life and death power".

研究生“打工”心态面面观 Graduate student"To work"Aspects of mentality

　　许多研究生表示，能够在给导师打工的过程中提高自身的科研水平，这是一举两得的好事。但如果仅仅被当作廉价劳动力，就有悖于研究生搞科研的初衷，亦会助长校园功利主义风气。

许多Graduate student表示,Able to work in to mentor in the process of improve their level of scientific research,This is kill two birds with one stone.但Such as the果仅仅被当作廉价劳动力,Is contrary to the purpose of the graduate student research,Will also contribute to the campus ethos of utilitarianism.

　　上海交通大学法律硕士谢琛说，自己在读研期间为导师打工主要分为两部分，一是老师主导的国家重点社科基金的会务、专家的访谈接待、资料整理；二是老师主编的评论的约稿、统稿、翻译和校对。社科基金方面的工作没有报酬，后者每学期会带来两三千元的收入。

上海交通大学法律硕士谢琛说,His supervisor during graduate school to work is divided into two parts,By the teacher is a key national social science fund of the meeting/Experts interview reception/资料Tidy up;Second, teacher, editor's review of manuscripts/System version/翻译and校对.Social science fund of work without pay,The latter will bring 23000 yuan income per semester.

　　“专家访谈、搜集整理资料，对我而言，不能说是在为导师‘打工’，整个过程对我也是锻炼。无论导师给不给酬劳，我都愿意参与。认识了一些最前沿的专家，聆听了有见地的见解，训练了思考能力，即便是打杂也能学到东西。”

"Expert interview/搜集Tidy up资料,It seems to me,Can't say for the teacher‘To work’,The whole process is also exercise for me.Regardless of the tutor give not to reward,I want to get involved.Met some forefront of experts,Listen to the wise insight,Training the ability to think,Even the odd jobs can also learn."

　　相对于科研项目较少的人文社科专业，理工类专业的研究生为导师打工的现象更为普遍。一般来说，这种支配与雇佣关系以导师手中的科研项目为基础，而导师的项目经费中也有一部分是专门用于研究人员的支出补助。

相对于科研项目较少的人文社科专业,Institute of engineering graduate student to mentor work more common phenomenon.In general,This kind of domination and the employment relationship based on the scientific research project in the hands of a mentor,And mentor of project funds and partly in the special subsidy expenditure for the researchers.

　　上海理工大学能源与动力工程学院研究生施娟说：“研究生期间，每人都要从自己导师那里领取科研课题，导师还会让你帮忙干一些他自己承接的活。干与不干、做得好与不好，基本上就是你的学业表现了，直接影响到是否能顺利毕业。”

上海理工大学能源With the动力工程学院Graduate student施娟说:"During the graduate student,Everyone should from their mentors, the scientific research subject,Tutor will also let you help to do some of his own to undertake work.Do not do/Doing good and bad,Basically your academic performance,Whether can directly affect the smooth graduation."

　　施娟说，帮导师打工累不累是其次，最重要的还是希望能学到真本事。“但是很久都没有一次师生见面会，没有传道授业解惑，让我感觉自己更像是廉价劳动力。”

施娟说,帮导师To work累不累是its次,The most important still is hoping to learn skills."But haven't a meeting between teachers and students,Not a compassso to reassure,Let me feel more like a cheap Labour."

　　上海大学土木工程系研究生张烨也感慨：“有段时间帮导师承担项目，几乎天天起早贪黑，忙得没时间写毕业论文、找工作实习。毕业的时候，当面试官问我具体为这些项目做了哪些贡献时，我实在不好意思说承担的都是些琐碎的事。”

上海大学土木工程系Graduate student张烨也感慨:"There was a time to help mentor for project,几乎天天since早贪黑,Was too busy to write graduation thesis/Looking for a job internship.Graduation of time,When the interviewer ask me specific do what contributions for these projects,I really embarrassed to say to is all some trivial things."

雇佣关系超过师生情谊？ Employment relationship beyond friendship between teachers and students?

　　虽然自古有“一日为师，终身为父”的说法，但许多学生坦言，如今纯粹而真挚的师生情谊越来越难得，更多的时候，导师与学生之间更像是雇佣关系，充斥着利益的味道。

虽然自古有"A day for the teacher,Lifelong for father"The statement,But many students are admitted,Such as the今纯粹而真挚的师生情谊越来越难得,More of the time,More like employment relationship between teacher and student,Filled with the flavor of the interests.

　　浙江大学信息工程专业博士毕业生丁菁汀告诉记者，许多理工科高校的大牌“老板”(博士生导师)除了国家级科研项目，还会在校外接“私活”，有些甚至自己搞企业、开公司。

浙江大学信息工程专业博士毕业生丁菁汀告诉记者,Many of the science and engineering colleges and universities"The boss"(Doctoral tutor)In addition to the state-level scientific research projects,Also on the external"avoid",Some even own enterprise/Start a company.

　　“按照北京、上海等地的劳动力市场价格，技术开发类员工的雇用成本较高。编程、设计调试电路、搭建系统等岗位的劳动报酬每月在7000元左右。而导师让自己的博士生去做同样的工作，劳动补偿只需支付一半甚至更低。”丁菁汀说，“这些应用操作性的工作，本身就与研究生自己的科研初衷有所背离，对前沿性的科研创新帮助不大。加上知道导师在占自己的便宜，学生心里肯定不舒服的。”

"In accordance with the北京/上海等地的劳动力The city场价格,Technology development staff employment cost is higher.programming/Circuit design and debugging/Position of building and system of labor remuneration in 7000 yuan a month.And mentor let own doctoral student to do the same job,Labor compensation pay only half or even lower."Ding Jingting said,"The application of operational work,Itself and graduate purpose distracts from their own research,The frontier of scientific research innovation wouldn't help very much.Plus know mentors in the advantage of myself,Students in the in the mind must be uncomfortable."

　　记者了解到，目前高校教师承担的课题大致分为两种，一类是国家基金项目或科技攻关项目，被称为“纵向”课题。这类课题对理论或技术创新要求高，经费由国家提供。另一类是导师从企业拉来的，旨在为企业解决新产品开发、技术攻关之类的难题，经费来自企业，被称为“横向”课题。

记者了解到,Teachers in colleges and universities undertake the task roughly divided into two kinds,One kind is national fund project or technology research projects,Referred to as"The longitudinal"subject.This kind of subject demanding theory or technology innovation,Funds provided by the state.Another kind is tutor out of business,To solve the new product development for enterprise/Technology research such as problem,Funds from companies,Referred to as"transverse"subject.

　　华东师范大学分析化学专业研究生姚文俊坦言，只有跟着导师做“纵向”课题，自己才能真正学会研究的方法，获得思维和学术上的进步。“打个比方，在老师帮助下安心做科研，就像是雕萝卜，出的是精品；而为项目打工，就像是天天包同样的饺子，到最后，无非是包的速度快了不少。”

华东师范大学分析化学专业Graduate student姚文俊坦言,Only follow the teacher"The longitudinal"subject,Can really learn the research methods,获得思维and学术上的进步."The analogy,Set his mind at to do scientific research under the teacher for help,Like a carved turnip,Is fine;While working for the project,Every day is like a package of dumplings too,In the end,Nothing but that there is a lot of packet speed is fast."

　　问题在于，现行研究生培养模式下，“雕萝卜”与“包饺子”的同样都能拿到“高级厨师证”。不少学生表示，踏上社会之后，用人单位最看重的还是毕业证背后的含金量。长远来看，导师的不负责会使学生成为最大的受害者。

问题在于,The current mode of graduate student training,"Carved turnip"With the"Make dumplings"The same can be got"Senior certificate of cook".Many students said,After the social life,The value of unit of choose and employ persons value most behind or diploma.In the long run,Teacher will not be responsible for to make the students become the biggest victim.

保障学生利益，建立和谐师生关系 Protect the interests of students,建立and谐师生关系

　　在不少学生看来，理想的师生关系应该是建立在相互尊重基础上的平等关系。然而，“现实情况是导师权力很大，我们有苦也说不出。”姚文俊说，久而久之，导师觉得利用学生也是理所应当了，这更像是一种利益交易。“你替我干活，我保你顺利毕业并帮你推荐一份不错的工作。”

在不少学生看来,The ideal relationship between teachers and students should be based on mutual respect and equality relationship.however,"The reality is that powerful of the instructor,We have a bitter also could not say."Yao Wenjun said,The passage of time,Tutor students think using the unification,This is more like a trade interests."You work for me,Ensure you graduate and I help you recommend a good job."

　　如何才能摆脱研究生“打工仔”或“科研苦力”的身份和命运？首先，导师和学生双方都应该摆正自己的位置。“干杂活本非天经地义，导师应该多关心学生的需求，帮助学生规划未来的发展方向，放下自己高高在上的架子。”复旦大学新闻学研究生刘磊说，对于学生来说，不能以打工赚钱作为读研的主要目的，否则就本末倒置。如果实在避免不了要帮导师打工，不妨借机认清自己的水平，摸索自己擅长的科研领域。

Such as the何才能摆脱Graduate student"site"or"Scientific labor"的身份and命运?First of all,导师and学生双方都应该摆正自己的位置."Do chores this for granted,Teachers should be more concerned about students' needs,帮助学生planning未来的发展方向,Put himself on high shelves."Fudan university journalism graduate LiuLei said,For the students,Not to earn money as the main purpose of the graduate school,otherwise就本末倒置.Such as the果实在避免不了要帮导师To work,Might as well to recognize his own level,Grope for their scientific research.

　　姚文俊也作了自我反思：“我们应该问问自己，是不是怀着功利的心态来读研深造，如果是，就不必埋怨高校的功利色彩太浓。对有志于做科研的人来说，研究生期间，没有人能阻拦你和你青睐的学者交朋友。”

姚文俊也作了自我反思:"We should ask ourselves,Do they come with a utilitarian mentality graduate school for further study,Such as the果是,Don't have to blame the utility color is too thick.For people who are interested in doing research,During the graduate student,没有人能阻拦你and你青睐的学者交朋友."

　　其次，专家建议，不妨借鉴国外研究生导师与学生之间的合作模式，用制度维护纯洁的师生关系。复旦大学新闻学院副教授谢晋说：“目前，能在一定程度上控制随意雇佣学生、保障学生利益的措施之一，是借鉴德国、美国等高校做法，在导师的项目研究经费中，明确一部分作为研究生培养费用和人工费用支出，专门支付给助理研究人员。”

its次,Experts suggest that,Might as well draw lessons from foreign cooperation mode between tutor and students,Maintain clean and pure relationship between teachers and students with the system.The journalism school of fudan university associate professor xie jin said:"At present,Can control at will to some extent to hire students/Safeguard the interests of the students,Is a reference to Germany/Practices such as colleges and universities in the United States,In the mentor of project research funding,明确一部分作为Graduate student培养费用and人工费用支出,Specifically paid to research assistants."

　　谢晋认为，导师和学生应该多一些相互沟通和理解，许多分歧和误解源于立场的不同和缺乏沟通。“在现行中国高校评价机制下，科研成绩都以课题和项目为导向，导师时常力不从心，只好分配给学生。另一方面，导师没有课题就没有招生资格，导师本人也是学术生产机器上的工人，是高校功利主义的受害者。”谢晋说。(记者 俞菀 吴振东)

谢晋认为,导师and学生应该多一些相互沟通and理解,许多分歧and误解源于立场的不同and缺乏沟通."Under the current Chinese universities evaluation mechanism,科研成绩都以subjectand项目为导向,Mentors are often out of puff,Had to be assigned to students.On the other hand,No subject, no enrollment qualifications of the instructor,The academic workers on the production machine is also a director,Is the victim of utilitarianism."Xie jin said.(The reporter yu Wan Wu Zhendong)