《国民旅游休闲纲要》提出，各地可探索安排中小学放春秋假 [The national tourism and leisure programs]Put forward,Exploration arrangements around the primary and secondary schools during the spring and autumn holiday

　　放假多了 孩子谁陪(解码) Many children who accompany the holiday(The decoding)

　　日前颁布的《国民旅游休闲纲要》提出，地方政府可以探索安排中小学放春假或秋假。可这件好事却让不少家长[微博]犯了愁：学校放了假，我们要工作，孩子谁来“看”？

Recently issued[The national tourism and leisure programs]Put forward,The local government can explore the arrangement of primary and secondary school spring break or fall off.Can be a good thing can make a lot of parents (microblogging) made the sorrow:The school put a false,We are going to work,Children who come to"Look at"?

　　不只是孩子的寒暑假和即将开始的春秋假，婴幼儿时期的照顾、中小学放学后的看护、儿童节等节日的陪伴……这些“空白时间段”，给很多双职工家庭造成心理和经济负担。面对日趋加速的生活节奏，家长们只能在事业和孩子之间疲于奔命。从雇佣保姆、高价托管，到反锁家中、四处培训，可谓想尽办法、不惜血本。看护孩子的重担，怎样才能减轻些？

Not only children and is about to begin in the spring and autumn winter and summer vacation holiday,Early childhood care/Primary and secondary schools after school care/Such as children's day holiday……these"Blank time slot",Have caused many dual-earner families psychological and economic burden.In the face of an increasingly accelerated pace of life,Parents can only be weighed between career and children.From the hire nanny/And the price is managed,To lock in the home/Around the training,Is trying to/poured.The burden of childcare,How to alleviate?

　　——编 者

- Ed.

　

　源 The source

　　保姆不给力，托管机构乱 Nanny don't give force,Trustee disorderly

　　“看”孩子成不可承受之重 "Look at"Children into an impossible burden

　　“生孩子前担心怎么教育孩子，没想到，怎么‘看’孩子才是最难解决的。”年轻妈妈李亦青一脸无奈。她和丈夫都是江西九江人，几年前来到杭州工作。孩子一周岁后，由于双方父母不在身边，专门请了保姆。“我们要求不高，只要照顾好孩子的日常饮食，保证安全就行。”可是，保姆不断更换，依然不尽如人意。

"Have children before worrying about how to education child,I didn't think,How do you‘Look at’The child is the most difficult to solve."Young mother li also green face of helpless.She and her husband, jiujiang in jiangxi province,A few years ago came to work in hangzhou.Baby one one full year of life,Because the two sides don't have my parents,Please a nanny."We demand is not high,As long as you take care of good children's diet,Ensure safety."but,Nanny constantly changing,Is still not satisfactory.

　　这样的情况，维持了两年多。夫妻俩扛着入不敷出的经济压力，小心翼翼地“伺候”着保姆，生怕得罪了她，对孩子不利，“简直是噩梦一般的经历”。好不容易挨到孩子上幼儿园，李亦青又开始为新难题担忧：每天幼儿园下课时间比夫妻俩下班时间早，这段时间谁来看孩子？孩子放寒暑假了，怎么过？

Such a situation,Lasted for more than two years.The couple carried the economic pressure to make ends meet,carefully"To serve"The nanny,Afraid to offend her,Bad for children,"In general it is a nightmare".Very not easy to get to the children in kindergarten,Li Yiqing began to worry about new problems:Every day the kindergarten class time earlier than the couple time from work,Children who come to see for a long time?Children on summer and winter vacations,How did?

　　李亦青的经历如今并不少见。同是双职工家庭，绍兴的陈女士从儿子上小学一年级开始，就把他的课外时间“外包”了：每天儿子下课后，就被接到托管班做作业，到晚上8点多再接回家；周末和寒暑假，则直接把儿子送到各种培训班。不过，家长的心理负担可没减少。“不时听到托管班、培训班出现安全事故的消息，让人心惊肉跳。”陈女士说，这笔“外包”的开销，已成家庭最大的支出。

Now it is not uncommon Li Yiqing experiences.With is the dual-earner families,Shaoxing chan from son to grade in elementary school,His extracurricular time"outsourcing"the:Son after class every day,Have been received a managed class do the homework,To more than 8 PM and then bring them home;Weekends and summer and winter vacation,Directly send son to all kinds of training classes.but,The psychological burden of parents can't reduce."From time to time heard managed class/Training in safety accident,Let the terrible."Ms Chen says,the"outsourcing"The overhead of,Have family biggest spending.

　　杭州小和山幼儿园办公室主任施晓燕说，目前在幼儿园里，承受“看”压力的家庭非常普遍，家长们希望孩子在校时间越长越好。每到儿童节等假期，家长们更是愁眉不展，想尽各种办法，带着孩子上班、送孩子到亲戚家、将孩子反锁在家……

Hangzhou small mountain and kindergarten ShiXiaoYan said, director of the office,In the kindergarten at present,bear"Look at"Pressure of the family is very common,Parents want their children in school and the longer the better.Each to the children's day and other holidays,Parents when you are sad,Try all kinds of means to,To work with children/To send their children to relatives/Will children locked in the home……

　　2004年，杭州市教育局曾提出《调整中小学假期和作息时间的意见》，实行春假、暑假、秋假和寒假，时间基本为一周左右。但几年执行下来，杭州逐步进行了调整：春假连着五一长假放两天左右，秋假则用来组织秋游、运动会等活动。“主要是考虑到春秋假和家长的假期不一致，不少家长反映看管孩子困难，尤其是进城务工人员意见更大。”杭州市教育局初等教育处处长蒋峰坦言。

In 2004,,Hangzhou city bureau of education was put forward[Adjust the opinions of the primary and secondary school holiday and work and rest time],The spring break/The summer vacation/Fall break and winter break,Time for a week or so.But a few years down and execution,Hangzhou adjusted step by step:Spring break for May Day holiday about two days,Is used to organize autumn fall break/Games and other activities."Mainly taking into account the spring and autumn period and the false do not match the holidays and parents,Many parents reflect the children difficult,Especially the rural migrant workers opinion greater."Hangzhou education bureau of elementary education division Jiang Feng admits.

　　

析 analysis

　　社会环境变，带薪休假难 Social environment,Paid vacation is difficult

　　家校之间缺少社服机构 Between the family school lack of social institutions

　　李亦青很疑惑，父母那一代虽是多子女家庭，但压力似乎并没有这么大。而在中国青少年研究中心少儿所所长孙红艳看来，这与社会变迁有关，“这一代人生存压力大，要兼顾家庭和事业并不容易。”

Li Yiqing confused,Parents' generation are families with many children,But stress doesn't seem to be so big.In the China youth and children research center children Sun Gongyan opinion of the director of the graduate school,This is related to social change,"This generation survival pressure,It's not easy to balance family and career."

　　在很多发达国家，带薪休假制度比较完善，时间也较长。但对于大多数国内家庭来说，这一点目前难以实现。况且，如今孩子们的生活环境也早已不同以往。在上世纪六七十年代，大部分孩子脖子上挂个钥匙去上学，放学后自己回家做作业、在弄堂里和小伙伴玩。当时，大孩子带小孩子，邻里之间帮忙看孩子，也都平常。“如今，邻里关系变得冷漠、社会环境更复杂，原来这些看孩子的方式都不太可能了。”孙红艳说。

In many developed countries,Paid vacation system more perfect,Time is long.But for most of the families in China,It is difficult to achieve.Besides,,Now the children's living environment have different.In the sixties and seventies of the last century,Most children around her neck hung a key to go to school,Their home do my homework after school/In the alley to play with friend.At that time,Older children with children,Neighbors to help the children,Are also common."now,Neighborhood become indifferent/Social environment is more complex,The original the way of the children are unlikely."Sun Gongyan said.

　　21世纪教育研究院[微博]副院长熊丙奇[微博]认为，看孩子压力日益增大，最关键原因是目前我国在家庭和学校教育之间缺乏公益性质的社会服务机构。由于教育部禁止学校办各类形式的培训班、托管班，大部分公办学校对学生的课后时间不敢管。政府服务的缺失，导致家长上班时间与小孩放学、放假的时间差变成一个大市场，各种不规范的商业化培训机构蜂拥而入。由此带来的安全隐患、教育质量低劣、价钱昂贵增加了家庭的各种压力。

In the 21st century education research institute (microblogging) xiong bingqi, deputy director of [microblogs],The children pressure increasing,At present our country is the key reason in family and school education between the lack of social public service institutions.Due to the ministry of education banned school do all kinds of forms of training/Managed classes,Most public schools on students' after-school time dare not tube.The lack of government services,Parents go to work time and children from school/Holiday time turned out to be a big market,All kinds of non-standard commercial training institutions pouring in.As a result of the potential safety hazard/The poor quality of the education/High price increases the pressure of the family.

　　“在美国，一个地区的学区教育委员会承担了很多学校之外的教育活动，由家长会、大学生义工等组织的活动也很多。”熊丙奇说，孩子们还可以在社区图书馆、科技馆等完善的公共空间中享受到安全优质的服务。因此，虽然美国孩子的假期更多更长，学校开课的时间一年只有约180天，但家长们的压力却相对较轻。

"In the United States,A region of school district education commission took a lot of education activities outside of school,By the parents' meeting/There are many college students volunteer organization's activities."Xiong bingqi said,The children can also be in the community library/Science and technology museum, such as the perfect enjoy the safety and quality of service in the public space.so,Although the children holiday more longer,Schools start time only about 180 days a year,But the pressure of the parents is relatively light.

　　反观国内的少年宫、科技馆等，如今很多变成了商业化运作的机构，社区活动室也全是为老人服务，孩子们到哪里去活动？正是公共活动空间的缩小和活动形式的匮乏，让“看”压力越发集中于小家庭。

In contrast, the domestic children's palace/Science and technology museum, etc.,Now many institutions into commercial operation,Community activity room also is full of service for old people,The children where to go?Public activity space is narrow and the lack of activity form,let"Look at"Pressure is more focused on family.

　　公益服务机构的匮乏，也折射出政府在资金方面的缺位。由香港特区政府成立的关爱基金去年开始推出为期一年的“课余托管试验计划”，受惠学生大都来自低收入家庭。但相对于巨大的需求，这一服务依然是杯水车薪。香港妇女协会中心总干事廖珮珊认为，政府在提供托管服务上应该有更多承担。

The lack of public services,Also reflects the government's absence in terms of money.By the establishment of the Hong Kong SAR government care fund last year launched a one-year"Free hosting test plan",Most of students from low-income families.But relative to the huge demand,This service is still a drop in the ocean.Director-general 廖珮珊 think women's association of Hong Kong center,The government should have more bear on provide hosting service.

　

　解 solution

　　社区伸援手，学校增职能 Community help,School increase functions

　　多方合力卸下“看”重担 Multilateral force unload"Look at"Heavy burden

　　不少专家认为，学校、家庭、社会都是教育孩子的主体，“看”压力需要合力缓解。

Many experts think,The school/family/Society is the main body of education children,"Look at"Pressure to ease.

　　针对国内社区青少年服务的缺失，专家建议可在社区建立一个公益性的少年儿童活动中心，由政府提供一部分经费，组织社区里的“五老队伍”、大学生志愿者参与，“将很大程度上缓解家庭的看护压力”。

According to the lack of community youth services,Experts suggest that in the community to create a public welfare of the children activity center,Part of the funds offered by the government,Organizations in the community"Five old team"/College students volunteer,"Will greatly reduce the pressure on the care of the family".

　　事实上，社区看护的管理方式已在一些地区试行。从2009年开始，杭州在20个社区试点“四点半课堂”，由社区负责把就近上学的孩子接到社区活动中心，辅导功课、组织活动……课堂以公益性为主，每个月收取430元的基本运行费。虽然备受家长欢迎，但杭州市健康社区服务中心主任原晓华坦言，运行几年来，最大的问题还是经费困难，“师资、场地等都需要钱，若要长期运行，需要政府的进一步支持”。

In fact,,Community nursing management mode has been on a trial basis in some areas.Starting in 2009,Hangzhou in 20 pilot community"At 4:30 class",The community is responsible for the school children to the nearest community center,Tutoring lessons/Organization activities……Class is given priority to with the public welfare,Basic operating cost charge 430 yuan every month.Although parents are welcome,But the original XiaoHua, director of the hangzhou city community health service center said,Running for several years,The biggest problem is funding difficulties,"The teachers/Field, etc. All need money,If you want to run for a long time,Need further support from the government".

　　至于长假中的看护问题，国外一般是通过社会服务机构来解决。据了解，在美国，20%到40%的孩子都会选择参加夏(春、冬)令营。这些活动由当地文化馆、艺术中心、体育机构、大学或中小学校，甚至植物园和动物园等举办，涵盖各学龄段。为让低收入家庭的孩子也能参与，一些夏令营还为这部分孩子提供全部或部分资助。

As for care problems in long vacation,Abroad is generally addressed by social service agencies.We have learned,In the United States,20% to 40% of the children can choose to participate in the summer(In the spring/In the winter)The camp.These activities by the local cultural center/Art center/Sports organizations/Universities and primary and secondary schools,Even the botanical gardens and zoo,Covers all the school-age segment.For low-income children can also participate,Some summer camp all or part of the funding for this portion of the children.

　　不少家长更关心能否由公办学校来承担一部分看护压力。在他们看来，学校的陪护更安全一些，也更利于孩子的成长。孙红艳介绍说，在北京、上海等地，曾有学校尝试开设课后陪伴班，但反响褒贬不一。“反对的声音集中在少数老师和家长，前者对课后陪伴有怨言，认为加大了工作量，后者则对额外收费表示不满，一些学校因此不敢再轻易尝试。”

Many parents are more concerned about whether pressure borne by the public school, part of supervision.In their opinion,The school more security escort,Is more conducive to the growth of children.Sun Gongyan said,In Beijing/Shanghai,Had accompanied by schools try to offer after-school classes,But echo mixed reviews."Opposition focused on minority teachers and parents,Company have a complaint to the after class,Think that increased the workload,The latter expressed dissatisfaction for extra charge,Some schools, so easily dare not to try."

　　而观念上的障碍，被孙红艳视为比制度障碍更严重。“只要把关系理顺了，平衡好各方利益，更加规范操作，公办学校的看护是可以执行的。”

And conceptual obstacles,Be Sun Gongyan as obstacles is more serious than the system."As long as the relationship between order,Balance the interests of all parties,More standardized operation,The care of the public school can be performed."

　　此外，华东师范大学[微博]学前教育与特殊教育学院副教授王和平提出，“家庭合作社”也是一种解决之道。由几个就近居住的家庭轮流接送、轮流看护孩子，既能减轻家长压力，也能让孩子们拥有更多小伙伴。“在城市里，这种互帮互助的松散家庭组织可以尝试。”王和平说。(顾 春 吴 云 葛瑜玮 陶佳苹)

In addition,East China normal university (microblogging) associate professor of college of preschool education and special education Wang Heping is put forward,"Family cooperative"Is also a kind of solution.By a handful of families that live nearby pick-up in turn/Take care baby,Can not only reduce the pressure of parents,Also can let children have more friend."In the city,This loose family organization of helping each other can try."Wang Heping said.(Gu chun wu cloud GeYuWei TaoJiaPing)