“龙生龙，凤生凤，老鼠的儿子会打洞。”这一众所周知的民谚，在人类社会的语境中，强调的是基因的重要性，更泛指家族势力对于后代的影响能力。在过去两年的时间里，一群来自清华大学中国经济社会数据中心的研究人员，就试图通过实证的手段来考察中国大学生就业之后的情况，其中也包括针对官员子女和其他人群子女毕业起薪的调查。

"Dragon born dragon,Chicken born chicken,Mouse's son can make hole."The well-known proverb,In the context of human society,Emphasized the importance of the gene,More general family influence ability of for future generations.In the past two years,A group of researchers in China's economic and social data center, tsinghua university,Try to through the empirical method to examine Chinese college students employment situation,Including targeted on the officials' children and other children graduate starting salary survey.

　　以2010届毕业生为调查对象的统计数据显示，以父母中至少一人为官员的学生作为调查样本，符合标准的占到样本总量的14%，在和有着相同家庭结构、个人能力和大学经历的同学相比，他们毕业时的起薪要高出大约15%。

以2010届毕业生为调查对象的统计数据显示,To parents for officials to at least one of the students as the survey sample,Accord with a standard account for 14% of the total sample,In the structure and have the same family/Personal ability and college experience compared to students,When they graduate starting salary is about 15% higher.

　　很显然，从判断的方向上看，这一统计结果非常符合公众的现有认知。在公众的意识中，存在于中国社会的形形色色的人际关系圈，官员特殊的地位造就了他的亲戚、子女都会获得更多的社会资源这一事实。因此，官员子女在大学毕业后获得更高的起薪，绝非让人感到意外。相反，有不少人可能会认为“15%”这样一个数据存在偏低之嫌，且几乎可以断定的是，这部分人群的感受恐怕主要来自自身相对狭隘的生活经验，而非严谨的科学统计。

很clearly,From the point of view of judging the direction of the,The statistical results of existing cognitive very accord with the public.In the public consciousness,Exist in China's society all kinds of interpersonal circle,Officials in special place contributed to his relatives/Children can get more the fact that the social resources.so,Officials' children in the university after graduation from a higher starting salary,Is not surprising.instead,A lot of people might think"15%"Such a data is low,And almost certainly is,This part of people's feelings, I'm afraid come mainly from its relatively narrow life experience,Rather than a rigorous scientific statistics.

　　个人的经验性感受与科学统计结果之间的差别，并非值得大书特书之事。不过，需要说明的一点是，迈向现代化的中国尽管扫荡了很多传统社会的观念，但在信奉“官本位”这一点上，却没有出现明显的传承断裂。“官本位”这一毁誉参半的观念，从晚清到民国，并经历1949年之后的历次运动，再到改革开放的今天，始终保持着它顽强的生命力。由此，也不难解释，为何在近些年会出现近乎疯狂的“考公大军”这样令人震撼的独特社会景观。

个人的经验性感受与科学统计结果之间的差别,Is not particularly notable.but,To be sure it is,Towards modernization of China though swept through the many traditional concept of society,But in"Ranking of"At this point,But there was no apparent fracture."Ranking of"The mixed concept,From the late qing dynasty to the republic of China,And every movement after 1949,To reform and opening up today,Always maintained its tenacious vitality.thus,It's not hard to explain,Why in recent years, there will be a crazy"Male force test"This stunning unique social landscape.

　　当然，正如该项调研的主持人清华大学经济系教授李宏彬所言，“一种纯粹的‘官员升水’在中国社会的确存在”。“官员升水”即官员家庭的确可能因为一些自身的特性，而带给子女在就业上额外的收益。这种特性不是指官员通过权力寻租而得到的特殊资源，而是官员本身在家庭教育上可能存在理念更先进、信息更广泛、重视程度更高等因素。所以，不问青红皂白，不问具体情况，单纯地指责某个官员子女起薪高是因为官员父母使用不当关系促成，都属于鲁莽行为。

当然,As the host of the study, an economics professor at tsinghua university Li Hongbin puts it,"A pure‘Officials litres of water’In China the reality of the society"."Officials litres of water"The official family can indeed because some of their own characteristics,And bring their children on the employment of additional income.This feature is not official is obtained by power rent-seeking and special resources,But the officials itself may exist in family education concept are more advanced/Information more widely/Attaches great importance to the higher level and other factors.so,Don't ask, don't indiscriminate,Don't ask specific situation,Simply accuse officials children higher starting salary because parents use lead to improper relationship,Belong to a reckless behavior.

　　不过，该项调研在承认存在“官员升水”现象的同时，也指出了：当研究者们控制了父母户口、学历等变量之后，“官员子女”的身份对起薪的影响基本没有减弱；而在控制父母其他方面的特征，尤其是收入之后，父母政治资本的影响甚至更强了。由此不难看出，在对官员子女的影响因素中，政治资本相对于户口、学历和收入有着明显的重要性。而有必要交代的是，社会科学的统计方法作为一种强大的解释工具，在解释政治资本具体如何起作用方面，却存在不能回避的败笔。因为在不规范的中国政治领域，官员们如何使用政治资本是一件非常隐秘的事情，问卷调查的形式对于了解具体的过程是于事无补的。

but,The research on acknowledged"Officials litres of water"现象的At the same time,Also pointed out that:When the researchers took control of the parent account/Degree after variable,"Officials' children"The identity of the basic no less effect on starting salaries;And in other aspects of control parents characteristics,Especially after the income,Parents even more about the impact of political capital.Thus it is not hard to see,In the influence factors of officials' children,Political capital relative to the account/The importance of education and income are clearly.Replacement is necessary,Statistical methods of social science as a powerful tool for explanation,Explains how political capital specific work,Is unable to avoid failure.Because the non-standard in Chinese politics,Officials how to use the political capital is a very private thing,In the form of questionnaire to understand the specific process is of no use.

　　所以，无论是日常的经验感知，还是严谨的科学统计，都将官员子女毕业起薪较高的一部分原因指向“政治资本”。而在中国，政治资本在具体运作时的不为人知，则必然无法让人们想当然地赋予其道德上的正当性。因此，面对这样一份调查报告，一方面，我们要意识到日常生活的经验性认知可能存在一定的偏差，对于官员子女起薪高的原因总结应该报以更复杂的视角；但另一方面，我们更要看到官员的“政治资本”在子女就业中起到的重要作用，这一现象的坐实，应该值得全社会去警惕——— 至少是在确保年轻人的起点公平和捍卫社会阶层的有效流动上而言。

so,Whether it is a daily experience of perception,Or the rigorous scientific statistics,Will be part of the officials' children graduate starting salary is higher to point"Political capital".While in China,Political capital in the specific operation of the unknown,Is not let people take it for granted to give their moral legitimacy.so,Faced with such a report,On the one hand,We have to realize that everyday life empirical cognition there may be some deviation,For reasons of high officials' children starting salary summary should respond with more complex point of view;But on the other hand,We should see more officials"Political capital"Employment plays an important role in their children,The phenomenon of sit,Should be worth to alert - at least in the whole society to ensure that young people starting point fair and defend in terms of the effective mobility.