谈起中医，人们往往想起阴阳平衡、五行相克之类的中国古代哲学理念。但究竟什么是中医？何谓阴阳五行？如何相生相克？或许很多人并不明白。近日，著名东方哲学大师、北京大学宗教研究院名誉院长楼宇烈教授接受《经济参考报》记者的采访，从哲学和中国文化层面对中医进行了一番详尽的阐述。楼宇烈认为，中医融合了哲学、宗教、艺术的文化，是哲学智慧的实践，是一种“生生之学”，集养生、治病、恢复于一体。但在近代西医思维的结构下，我国中医已经发生变异，渐失原貌。当务之急，发展中医需要唤醒国人的文化主体意识，从根上来一番变革。

About traditional Chinese medicine,People often think of balance of Yin and Yang/The five elements such as phase grams of ancient Chinese philosophy.But what is the doctor of traditional Chinese medicine?What is Yin and Yang five elements?How to reinforce each other?Maybe a lot of people do not understand.recently,Famous master of eastern philosophy/Beijing university institute of religion LouYuLie honorary President of the professor to accept[Economic reference to]Reporter's interview,From philosophy and Chinese cultural layer in the face of the traditional Chinese medicine in this paper has made a detailed.LouYuLie think,The doctor of traditional Chinese medicine combined with philosophy/religious/Art culture,Philosophy is the wisdom of practice,Is a kind of"Circle the study of",Set health/cure/Recovery at an organic whole.But in the modern western medicine thinking structure,The doctor of traditional Chinese medicine in our country have change,Gradually lost intact.Top priority,The development of traditional Chinese medicine need to wake up people's cultural subject consciousness,A change from the root up.

　　

中医是对中国哲学智慧的实践 The doctor of traditional Chinese medicine is the practice of wisdom in Chinese philosophy

　　记者：您是研究哲学的专家，也在大力宣扬中医。在您看来，中医与哲学之间有什么关系？

reporter:You are study philosophy of experts,In traditional Chinese medicine to promote.In your opinion,The doctor of traditional Chinese medicine and philosophy between what relation?

　　楼宇烈：中国哲学和中医是紧密相通的，可以说，中医是在实践中国哲学和中国文化的观念。中医是中国哲学实践的最好体现，它有自己的一套完整的完善理论和整个理论构架。中医讲究天人合一、天人感应、整体关联、动态平衡、顺应自然、中和为用、阴阳消长、五行生克等理念，这些都是中国哲学甚至中国文化最根本的理念。在中国的哲学中，天地万物是一个整体，事物和事物之间是一个整体中的各个部分，各个部分是相互关联、不可分开的，不是没有关系的孤立的个体，而整体之间的相互关系又是相对的，是相互牵制相互推动的，那么这种用中国哲学的理念来讲，就是阴阳相制、五行相克，这个道理可以运用在各个方面包括维护我们的生命上。我们的五脏六腑相对于五行之间是相生相克的，人体阴阳平衡就健康，阴阳失调就要出毛病了。这种阴阳理论，实际上就是利用事物之间对立统一、相辅相成的规律来判断和分析人的生理状况、病理状况，然后进行相应的治疗。

LouYuLie:Chinese philosophy and traditional Chinese medicine are closely interlinked,Can say,The doctor of traditional Chinese medicine is the practice of Chinese philosophy and the idea of Chinese culture.The doctor of traditional Chinese medicine is best reflects the practice of Chinese philosophy,It has a complete set of perfect theory and the whole theory frame.Chinese emphasize harmony between man and nature/Telepathy between/Overall correlation/Dynamic balance/Conform to the nature/Neutralization for use/Growth of Yin and Yang/The five elements such as born g concept,These are the Chinese philosophy and even the most fundamental idea of Chinese culture.In Chinese philosophy,The universe is a whole,Things and things are of the individual parts of a whole,Each part is related/undetachable,No relationship is not isolated individuals,And the relationship between the whole and relative,Is mutual contain the push each other,Then the use of Chinese philosophy in terms of concept,Is the Yin and Yang phase system/Five line phase grams,This truth can be applied in various aspects including the maintenance of our life.Our internal organs of the body relative to the five elements is between the reinforce each other,The human body balance of Yin and Yang is health,The imbalance of Yin and Yang to be something wrong with the.The theory of Yin and Yang,In fact is the use of the unity of opposites between things/Complementary to the law of judgment and analysis of physiological condition/Pathological condition,Then the corresponding treatment.

　　《经济参考报》：这些理论在很多人看来很玄乎，是说不清楚的。比如说，中医里面所谓的经络，实际上找不到。

[Economic reference to]:These theories in many people's opinion is very difficult,Is not clear.For instance,The doctor of traditional Chinese medicine in the meridian,In fact can't find.

　　楼宇烈：其实可以说的清楚。比如按照阴阳五行的学说，肝属于什么，胃属于什么，好像似乎没有什么根据，这是因为你没有以生命解剖作为基础。所以我提出一个观点，即内观解剖。内观，是中国的佛教用语，用于静观内部的五脏六腑和气血的关系。现在西医的解剖是在尸体身上做的，什么样的器官都看得很清楚，但不代表活体身上就是这样的状况。为什么说经络找不到呢？经络就是气血的流动，只有在活体身上才能体现到，在尸体上不可能找到。这就是我们自己的生命科学，它早就有自己的一套科学理论。

LouYuLie:In fact can say clear.For instance, in accordance with the Yin and Yang of the five elements theory,Liver belong to what,Stomach what belongs to,As seems to have no according to,This is because you didn't take life as a basic anatomy.So I put forward a point of view,Namely vipassana anatomical.vipassana,Is China's Buddhism terms,Used to sit inside the entrails and the relationship between qi and blood.Now the western medicine is body anatomy in the body,What kind of organs are to see clearly,But do not represent living body is this situation.Why to say meridian can't find?Meridian is the flow of qi and blood,Only in the living body can manifest to,In the body could not find.This is our own life science,It would have its own set of scientific theory.

　　我关注到西方医学现在有三个大方向的转变，实际上都是中医的理念。第一个是从关注人生的病转变为关注生命和人。过去我们过度注意人的病，病越找越多，药越来越多，效果却不是很明显。不关注生病的人，只是去找病，就是本末颠倒了，其实是人更重要的。这个转变里面就包含了中医很重要的一种理念，即把人看作一个整体而不是仅看局部。

I pay attention to the western medicine now has three big change,In fact is the concept of traditional Chinese medicine.The first focus from a life of the disease into focus on life and people.In the past we have excessive attention to the disease,Disease is looking for more,Medicine more and more,The result is not obvious.Don't pay attention to the people who are sick,Just to look for trouble,Is the upside down,It is more important.This change in the traditional Chinese medicine contains very important concept,The people as a whole rather than just look at local.

　　第二是强调预防医学比治疗医学还要重要，养生比治病重要。《黄帝内经.素问》里就讲到“凡人之病，不病于已病而病于未病”，因此，中医的理论并不是要落实到治病这一点上，而是要落实到中医治人，不治已病治未病。

The second is to emphasize preventive medicine more important than medical treatment,Health is an important than cure.[Yellow emperor. Element asked]About the"Mortal is,Don't disease in already disease and disease in not ill",so,The theory of traditional Chinese medicine is not to implement to cure this point,But to implement to heal people,Has died of disease preventive treatment of disease.

　　第三就是尽量地调动人机体自身的自愈能力，而不是靠外力如服药和开刀来解决问题。现在西方兴起很多顺势疗法和自然疗法，基本上都是采用中医的理念，如尽量不用药而是用理疗的办法如推拿、按摩和针灸等，要尽量找到病因而非停留在病的表面症状。

The third is to arouse the people their own self healing ability,Rather than rely on outside force such as medication and surgery to solve the problem.Now the western rise a lot of homeopathy and natural therapy,Basically all is to use the concept of traditional Chinese medicine,If try not to use but with the physical actions such as massage/Massage and acupuncture, etc,Try to find disease and not stay on the surface of the disease symptoms.

　　

中医乃生生之学 The doctor of traditional Chinese medicine is the study of circle

　　记者：您之前经常讲一句话，叫“有病不治，常得中医”，这个怎么理解？

reporter:Before you often speak a word,call"Sick to the,Often have to traditional Chinese medicine",How to understand the?

　　楼宇烈：这是《汉书.艺文志.方技略》里面的话，其经方这一部分中提到，“有病不治，常得中医”。中医不是来治病的，是来养生、治人的，第一是治人，第二是治未病。清代的钱大钊也提到，“不服药为中医”。这里讲的“中医”都不是现在意义上的中医，而是中国传统意义上中医的概念，是上医、中医、下医中的一个“上医治国，中医治人，下医治病”，上医治未病，中医治将病，下医治已病。这个中医就是中道，就是保持中庸平和的状态。我们养生也是求一个中道，就是中正平和。

LouYuLie:This is[History of the han dynasty. Category. FangJi slightly]Inside words,By the party mentioned in this part,"Sick to the,Often have to traditional Chinese medicine".The doctor of traditional Chinese medicine is not here to cure,Is to preserve one's health/To people,The first is to treat people,The second is preventive treatment of disease.Qing dynasty QianDaZhao also noted,"Do not take medicine for the doctor of traditional Chinese medicine".here"Doctor of traditional Chinese medicine"Is now in the sense of traditional Chinese medicine,But China's traditional concept of traditional Chinese medicine,Is the medical/Doctor of traditional Chinese medicine/One of the medicine"Heal countries on,Heal people,Heal disease under",Heal disease before the,Will heal disease,Heal already disease under.The doctor of traditional Chinese medicine is the middle of the road,Is to keep the doctrine of the mean peaceful state.We preserve one's health is also asked for a middle of the road,Zhongzheng is peace.

　　《经济参考报》：在您看来，中医更多时候是要践行一些理念，而不仅仅是治疗？

[Economic reference to]:In your opinion,The doctor of traditional Chinese medicine more time to practice some idea,Not only is the treatment?

　　楼宇烈：最近这一段时间，我都在讲一种理论，即中医是中国传统文化的“生生之学”。后一个“生”，是生命，前面的一个“生”是动词，用来加强后面的“生”，即如何能够延续生命，让人活的更健康长久。

LouYuLie:Recently this period of time,I speak a theory,That is the doctor of traditional Chinese medicine is a traditional Chinese culture"Circle the study of".After a"born",Is life,Front a"born"Is a verb,To strengthen the behind"born",That is, how to can continue to life,Let people live a more healthy for long.

　　关于中医的定位，在中国传统文化中就被定义成“生生之具”，是维护生命健康美好的各种工具和方法。在《汉书·艺文志·方技略》里面就提到，“方技者，皆生生之具也”。包括经方即医经在内的很多东西都是来让生命活得更好的一种方法和手段。有“生生之具”，就会有“生生之易”，在中国很多古籍中也讲到过生生的道理，包括尊生、贵生、养生、卫生、摄生。首先要尊重生命、珍视生命，怎样才能更好地维护我们的生命，就需要养生、捍卫好生命，来统摄我们的生命。生生之学是建立在贵生、尊生的理念上，然后通过摄生、养生、卫生的方法达到“全生”。何谓“全生”？《吕氏春秋》里面就提出，“六欲皆得其意”，就是全生。

About the orientation of traditional Chinese medicine,In traditional Chinese culture has been defined as a"Circle with the",Life is to maintain a healthy and good tools and methods.in[Han · category · FangJi slightly]Mentioned in,"FangJi person,All of the circle has also".Including the party that medical classics, a lot of things is to live a better life is a kind of method and means.have"Circle with the",There will be"Circle of easy",Many ancient books in China also described the circle of the truth,Including and raw/Your life/health/health/Keep fit.Must first respect for life/Value life,How to better maintain our life,Need to preserve one's health/Defend your life,To govern our lives.Circle the learning is based on your life/And the idea of birth on,Then through the keep fit/health/Health method to achieve"All born".What is"All born"?[Lu shi chun qiu]It puts forward,"Six desires are to its meaning",Is all born.

　　现在的中医更侧重于治疗，我们需要让中医的范围更广泛些，不要局限于治疗，还要把养生、治疗和相关的道理都讲清楚。中国的养生学在世界上是独一无二的。所以需要构建起一个生生之学来，把中医提高到理论层面。中医不是单纯的疾病医学，而是具有丰富人文文化内涵，包括哲学、艺术、宗教等在内的一种综合性的人文生命学，是一门关于生命智慧和生命艺术的学问。

Now more focus on the treatment of Chinese medicine,We need to let the doctor of traditional Chinese medicine range some more extensive,Don't limited to the treatment,Will bring health/Treatment and related arguments are clear.China's preserve one's health is unique in the world.So need to construct a circle to the study,The doctor of traditional Chinese medicine to improve the theoretical level.The doctor of traditional Chinese medicine is not purely a medical disease,But has the rich humanities culture connotation,Including philosophy/art/Religion, a comprehensive humanistic biotics,Is a door of life wisdom and life art learning.

　　

现在的中医已经变异 Now the doctor of traditional Chinese medicine has variation

　　记者：您提到的中医大都是古代的中医，在您看来，现在的中医还是原来的中医吗？

reporter:You mentioned that Chinese medicine is mostly ancient Chinese medicine,In your opinion,Now the doctor of traditional Chinese medicine is the doctor of traditional Chinese medicine?

　　楼宇烈：已经不太像了。我们现在的中医已经被西医异化了，中医的理论和手段都在向西医靠拢，存在很多问题。

LouYuLie:Is not so alike.We are now Chinese medicine has been western medicine the alienation,The theory of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine means to close,Has a lot of problems.

　　首先在理念上，长期以来，对于中医、哲学甚至是中国文化，我们都有一种偏见，认为中国没有哲学、没有医学、没有科学，长期以来都是落后的。但实际上，这种偏见的产生，是很多人以西方的文化模式或特征作为标准来衡量我们的中医、哲学和科学。其实中医有一套自成体系的理论，需要我们去理解。

First of all in concept,For a long time,For traditional Chinese medicine/Philosophy and even Chinese culture,We all have a prejudice,Think China has no philosophy/No medical/There is no scientific,For a long time are backward.But in fact,The generation of this kind of prejudice,Is a lot of people in the western cultural patterns or characteristics as a standard to measure our doctor of traditional Chinese medicine/Philosophy and science.In fact the doctor of traditional Chinese medicine has a system which has its own theory,We need to understand.

　　在诊疗手段上，“望闻问切”已经很少用了，中医治病更多的是吃药，与《黄帝内经》中的内容相反，目前中医治疗，针灸推拿只占了十分之二三，十分之七八都是开药；在具体治疗中，会有大量标准化方剂和西医诊疗办法，比如抽血化验、C T和手术等等。现在我们的很多医生都不会看病了，只会看化验单。

In the diagnosis and treatment measures,"Look, listen, question and"Has rarely used,The doctor of traditional Chinese medicine cure more is to take medicine,and[Yellow emperor]Contrary to the contents of the,At present the doctor of traditional Chinese medicine treatment,Acupuncture and massage only accounted for two over ten,Ten points are eight prescribe;In the specific treatment,There is a large number of standardization formula and western medicine diagnosis and treatment measures,Such as blood tests/C T and operation and so on.Now a lot of our doctor would have to see the doctor,Will only see paper.

　　医德也是个大问题。过去中医的医德更多是把道德都化解为家庭关系，讲究“医者父母心”，“老吾老以及人之老，幼吾幼以及人之幼”，医生与患者的关系更像是亲情的关系。这看起来更像是提倡一种私情，但实际上里面包含了最大的无私，因为亲情是不求回报的。如果这种医德用到现代的医患关系中，现在的医患关系也不会那么紧张。

Medical ethics is a big problem.The past Chinese medicine medical ethics is to dissolve more moral are for family relationships,exquisite"Healers parents heart","Expand the love of the old,The young we young people and the young",The relationship between doctors and patients more like a family relationship.It looks more like a personal advocate,But the fact is that contains the most selfless,Because the family is not return.If the medical ethics use modern doctor-patient relationship,Now the doctor-patient relationship also can't so nervous.

　　还有就是关于社会的分工，必要的分工是进步，过分的分工是进步还是退步，还有待研究。在传统的中医里面，讲究“望闻问切”，切脉是最基础的本领，但现在很多中医甚至都不会切脉。甚至有中医大夫宣称自己不认得中药，只会开药，只知道药的名字。中医实际上是模糊里面有清晰，对于药材，具体的产地、采药时间、炮制时间和手段等等都非常有讲究，稍有差错就可能导致治疗有偏差。但现在，抓药的不懂得采药，采药的不懂得制药，野生的变成了人工养殖的，药的效能就值得怀疑，更不用说很多假药了。各个环节都出了问题，我们的中医都已经被异化了，这很悲哀。

There is about the social division of labor,The necessary division of labor is progress,Too much of the division of labor is a step forward or a step back,Research remains to be.In traditional Chinese medicine inside,exquisite"Look, listen, question and",Feel the pulse is the most basic skills,But now many of the traditional Chinese medicine won't even feel the pulse.Even the doctor of traditional Chinese medicine doctor claimed to do not know Chinese traditional medicine,Will only prescribe,Only know the name of the medicine.The doctor of traditional Chinese medicine is actually fuzzy there are clear,For medicinal materials,The origin/CaiYao time/Processing time and means and so on are very exquisite,A slight mistake can lead to treatment with deviation.But now,Some do not know how to CaiYao,The CaiYao don't know pharmaceutical,Wild became farmed,The efficiency of the drug is suspect,Not to mention the many fake medicines.Each link is out of the question,Our doctor of traditional Chinese medicine has been the alienation,This is very sad.

　　

发展中医要唤醒我们的中国文化主体意识 The development of traditional Chinese medicine to wake up our Chinese culture subject consciousness

　　记者：中医如今有这么多问题，它是否还具有影响世界的能力？

reporter:The doctor of traditional Chinese medicine there is so many questions,Does it also has the ability to influence the world?

　　楼宇烈：也还能。尽管我们的中医很多都走样了，但其实它在国外发展的还不错，外国人也是有一定辨别能力的。我们中国人自己都不相信中医，这是个大问题。但问题恰恰反过来，中国人不相信中医，可能西方人更相信中医。有数据显示，现在来中国留学的外国留学生，大概50%是来学中医的。所以实在不行，我们将来就只能“出口转内销”了。因为中国人近百年来崇洋的思想太严重，如果是外国人说的，他就很容易相信，中国祖先说的他反而不信，因此只能利用这样一种心理，将中医的核心理念用现代化的方式出表达，例如自然疗法、顺势疗法和心理疗法，例如重视预防，例如尊重生命，通过一些手段，把这些理念阐释清楚，把中医的传统理念做些转化，利用现代化的手段为中医服务。我觉得中医一定会走向世界，但不要急于求成，慢慢来，需要踏踏实实地做工作。

LouYuLie:Also can.Although we Chinese medicine many are out of shape,But actually it in foreign development is good,Foreigners also have certain discrimination ability.We Chinese people don't believe that the doctor of traditional Chinese medicine,It's a big problem.But the problem just in turn,Chinese people don't believe that the doctor of traditional Chinese medicine,Westerners believe that the doctor of traditional Chinese medicine may be more.Data show,Now China foreign students to study abroad,About 50% of the traditional Chinese medicine is to learn.So it's not,Our future can only"Export turns sale in domestic market"the.Because the Chinese artists in nearly years of thought too serious,If it is a foreigner said,He is very easy to believe,Chinese ancestors said he did not believe it,So can only use this kind of psychology,The core idea of the traditional Chinese medicine with modern way to express themselves,Such as natural therapy/Homeopathy and psychological therapy,Such as pay attention to prevent,Such as respect for life,By some means,These ideas explain clearly,The traditional idea of traditional Chinese medicine do some transformation,Use of modern means of service.I think the doctor of traditional Chinese medicine will move towards the world,But do not be eager to hope for success,Slowly to,Need solid work.

　　我认为中医要走向世界，需要从根上进行改变，最主要是两方面来努力，一是思想上，二是教育上。

I think the doctor of traditional Chinese medicine to go to the world,From the root to the change,The most main is two aspects to efforts,One is thought,The second is the education.

　　首先是要唤醒我们的中国文化主体意识。我们并不是没有科学、哲学和医学，不能以西方文化的思维去结构中国文化。中西文化的差别实际上是一个类型的差别。而这种类型的差别，恰恰是使不同文化之间得以交流和互补有了可能。因此，我们需要回归自己的文化主体，根据自己的文化特点来建立、研究我们自己文化的理论体系，而不能用根据西方文化总结的理论去研究我们的文化，这个是很迫切的。中医也是如此，不能用西方的价值观念和思维方式去研究中医。中西方文化的思维方式不一样，如果硬要拼凑到一起，到最后只能是走样的文化。

The first thing is to wake up our Chinese culture subject consciousness.We are not not science/Philosophy and medical,Not to western culture thought to structure the Chinese culture.The difference between Chinese and western culture is actually a type of difference.And this type of difference,Just is made between different cultures communicate and complementary to have the possibility.so,We need to return to their own cultural subject,According to their own cultural characteristics to build/The theoretical system of our own culture,And not with western culture according to the summary of the theory to study our culture,This is very urgent.Doctor of traditional Chinese medicine and so,Can't use western values and way of thinking to study traditional Chinese medicine.Chinese and western culture and way of thinking is not the same,If stubbornly together,To the end can only be out of shape culture.

　　其次，需要改革中医教育。如今包括教中医和学中医的人对中医都没有一个正确的认识和把握，这是最根本的问题。我们的教学，包括中医学校的教学，都在拿西方的那种理念去解构我们传统的理念，存在“科学迷信”，中医很多观念都被曲解了。中国很多老百姓，甚至包括一些学中医的人，都已经不相信中医了。实际上，关于中医教育，唐代医圣孙思邈在《大医精诚》里讲的很清楚，作为一名中医，除了学习《黄帝内经》等专业书籍之外，还需要学习孔孟、老庄的思想，还有佛经，甚至还要学风水相面，现在的中医教育需要与传统文化相结合。（记者 李静 实习生 王颖慧）

secondly,The need for reform in education of traditional Chinese medicine.Now including teach traditional Chinese medicine and to learn Chinese medicine of doctor of traditional Chinese medicine to have a correct understanding and grasp,This is the most fundamental problems.Our teaching,Including the doctor of traditional Chinese medicine school teaching,In western philosophy and the deconstruction of our traditional idea,exist"Science superstition",The doctor of traditional Chinese medicine a lot of ideas are distorted.Many people in China,Even some people learn the doctor of traditional Chinese medicine,Have not believe that the traditional Chinese medicine.In fact,About the doctor of traditional Chinese medicine education,The tang dynasty YiSheng sun simiao in[Big medical sincere]The point very clear,As a doctor of traditional Chinese medicine,In addition to learning[Yellow emperor]Besides professional books,Still need to study of Confucius/Zhuangzi thoughts,There are buddhist scriptures,Even to study water face reading,Now Chinese medicine education need combined with the traditional culture.(Reporter li WangYingHui interns)