乱象四 Mess four

　　征订横行——学生买书“被自愿”。 To subscribe to the students to buy books-run“Be voluntary”。

　　虽然中央各部门每年都三令五申，要求各地不得“擅自编印、统一征订教辅材料”；严禁将“教辅材料纳入《教学用书目录》、印发教辅材料《推荐目录》”，但各省市强制征订教辅的现象依然屡见报端，很多孩子依然在“被诱导”和“被自愿”地购买教辅。

Although the central departments SanLingWuShen every year，Requires all may not“) without authorization、Subscribe to the unified teaching assistant materials”；It is strictly prohibited to will“Assistant teaching materials into《Teaching book catalog》、Assistant teaching material issued by the《Recommend directory》”，But forced to subscribe to the provinces and cities of teaching assistants phenomenon still see repeatedly made public，Many children are still in“induced”and“Be voluntary”Teaching assistants to buy。

　　教辅的主要销售渠道除了市场零售以及上面提到的“小征订”外，还有系统征订，即省市教育部门或新华书店的目录征订，也可称为“大征订”，动辄一省或一个地区，量特别大，可以达到几千万甚至上亿元的销售码洋。每年教辅市场产值至少有250亿元，其中150亿元左右通过系统发行到学校，剩余100余亿元才是通过市场渠道卖出。

The main teaching assistant sales channels in addition to market retail and mentioned above“Subscribe to the small”outside，And system to subscribe to the，Namely education department or provinces and cities of xinhua book store subscribe to the directory，Can also be called“Big to subscribe to the”，Frequently a province or a region，Especially large amount，Can reach tens or even tens of millions of dollars in sales tax。Teaching assistants market value every year at least 25 billion yuan，Including 15 billion yuan through the system issued to the school，Remaining 100 one hundred million yuan is sold by market channels。

　　为何中央的命令不起作用？一位地方出版教辅的民营书商对媒体表示，近几年教辅市场发展快，各省都已有成型的“编、审、发行”体系，在这种情况下，各省都倾向于使用本省编写的教辅材料，“本省的书商可以给更多的回扣，又有利于地方发展，当然要用本地教辅了，这几年教辅已经很难打入外省市场了”。

Why the central command doesn't work？A local publishing assistant teaching of private bookseller media said，In recent years teaching assistant market development quick，Have the provinces of forming“Make up、the、issue”system，In this case，Provinces are tend to use the province's teaching assistant materials to write，“The provincial bookseller can give more rebates，And for local development，Of course want to use local teaching assistant，This years teaching assistant has been difficult to into the provincial market”。

　　据悉，“大征订”多由各省出版或发行集团把持。以某省为例，该省基本一家出版社垄断一个或几个地区，出版当地中小学主科（甚至是全科）的教辅用书，基本保证学生人手一套；另一个省某集团，能在全省实现人手一套。这些产品的编校质量还可以，但未经市场竞争，有的学校征订后不愿使用，就再团购或让学生在市场上购买一些优秀的教辅。

It is reported，“Big to subscribe to the”Many of the province published or issue control group。Province as an example to，The basic a press monopoly or a few areas，Local middle and primary school major publication（Even general）'s teaching assistant 'book，With a set of basic guarantee students；Another province some group，In the province can realize a set of hands。These products quality can also pays，But without the market competition，Some schools to use after subscriptions，Then let the students in bulk or in the market to buy some excellent teaching assistant。

　　当然，“大征订”的目录并不是谁都能上的，一是明显的地方保护，一般省教育厅目录主要上本省出版社的产品，外省的产品被排斥在外；二是目录不是公益的，有的地方上一条书目要交两万块钱，相当于本省征订通行证的门票，而且销售后还要按比例给教育部门返点。教辅征订目录曾被多次禁止，但在各地屡禁不止，近来还有加强的势头。“大征订”的销售动辄可达几千万甚至上亿元，但由于纳入了学校的统一收费，一般学生家长很难发觉。

Of course，“Big to subscribe to the”Directory is not the one who can，One is the obvious place protection，General guangdong provincial directory on the main province press products，Provincial product is excluded；2 it is not the public directory，In some places a bibliography to want to pay twenty thousand dollars，The province is equivalent to subscribe to the ticket of the pass，And after sales in proportion to the education department to return point。Teaching assistants to subscribe to the directory has been repeatedly banned，But in the long-standing all over，Recently, and strengthen the momentum。“Big to subscribe to the”Sales of tens or even really millions of yuan，But because the school uniform charge into，Generally the parents of the students are difficult to detect。

　　乱象五 Mess five

　　鱼龙混杂——买卖书号现象普遍。 Good and evil people mixed up-buying and selling isbn phenomenon common。

　　就教辅市场的现状，记者专访了龙门书局副总编辑田旭。早在1999年，龙门书局就被誉为教辅界的三驾马车之一，目前已在教辅书界形成了品牌化、规模化的龙门效应。“过去有句话叫‘要想富，编教辅’。近几年，全国每年出版的教辅书约在1万种以上，这一有着两亿多学生的巨大的市场，使各路人马处心积虑挤进教辅市场。”田旭表示，参与的人多了，鱼龙混杂就不可避免。首先，很多不具有教辅出版权的出版社在涉足教辅出版，这并不符合国家有关出版范围的规定。现在出版社一般什么书都出，类似音乐、妇女儿童出版社也出教辅。我国现有580多家出版社，参与教辅出版就有近500家，而其中真正有教辅出版权的仅仅只有四五十家左右。其次，在这些参与出版的500多家出版社中，实际自己出教辅的不多，他们大都通过合作出版等方式，实际将书号卖给一些书商。书号卖出后，出版社往往也不会对所出教辅的质量进行把关。再次，教辅市场的门槛低，有关部门的审批注重书号，再加上执法力度不够，一本教辅只要拿到书号，质量再差也能进入市场。

The present situation of the market is teaching assistant，The reporter interviews with the book editor in the vice TianXu。As early as in 1999，The goal is known as the reference book in the world of one of the three carriages，At present has set up a file in the teaching assistant ShuJie formed a brand、The effect of the scale。“The past have something called‘To be rich，Make up teaching assistant’。In recent years，The publication of the reference books every year about 10000 more，This has more than two hundred million students of huge market，Make the team has packed into teaching assistant market。”TianXu said，Participate in it，Trace is inevitable。first，Many don't have the right to set foot in teaching assistant press published teaching assistants，This does not conform to the provisions of the state on publishing range。Now what books are out press general，Similar music、Women and children press also out teaching assistant。Our country has many 580 press，Participate in teaching assistant publishing has nearly 500，And among them a real teaching assistant copyright only forty or fifty house or so。second，In these published in home to more than 500 in the press，The actual teaching assistants yourself out much，They mostly through publishing, cooperation way，The actual number will sell some bookseller。After selling, the number，Press often do not have a secure quality of teaching assistants。again，Teaching assistant market threshold low，Pay attention to the examination and approval of the relevant departments of the call number，Plus law enforcement is not enough，A teaching assistant as long as to call number，In bad quality can also enter the market。

　　据2008年一份行业分析报告显示，教辅类图书创造了整个图书出版发行业60%的利润。约有90%的出版社涉足于教辅出版领域，并依靠教辅的出版生存和发展。在全国3万多个书店中，目前有近80%的书店经营教辅图书，并依靠教辅而生存。大多数新华书店的发行与经营利润，也主要来自于教材与教辅的发行。

According to a 2008 industry analysis report，Teaching assistant type books created the entire book publishing types 60% of profits。About 90% of the press prohibited from publishing field teaching assistants，The publication of the teaching assistant and depend on the survival and development。In the more than 30000 in the bookstore，At present, nearly 80% of the bookstore business reference books，And depend on teaching assistant and survive。Most of the xinhua bookstore issuance and operating profit，Also mainly comes from the teaching materials and the teaching assistant issue。

　　乱象六 Mess six

　　版权争议——出版社遭遇“侵权”危机。 Copyright dispute-press encounter“infringement”crisis。

　　近几年来，有关教辅“侵权”的声音越来越多。教材出版社针对教辅的“维权”呼声和行动也越来越密集。2011年1月15日，《人民教育出版社关于知识产权保护的声明》中称：未经人民教育出版社许可，编写、出版、发行配人教版各类教科书使用的教学辅导用书……均侵犯了人民教育出版社的著作权。一时间，版权问题成为横亘在教材出版社和民营教辅发行机构之间无法迈过的坎儿。

In recent years，Relevant teaching assistant“infringement”Voice more and more。Teaching materials for teaching assistant press“rights”Voices and actions also more and more intensive。January 15, 2011，《People's education press statement about the protection of intellectual property rights》Said in a：Without the permission of the people's education press，write、published、With all kinds of textbook issue o 'clock the teaching counselling……All the people's education press infringe the copyright。time，The copyright problem become spans in teaching materials and the teaching assistant press release private between agencies cannot exceed the snag。

　　对此，田旭认为，人教社的教材不是在市场公平竞争中形成目前的状态，而是依靠国家行政力量的干预，是历史原因造成的。教材应该是公共服务性产品，不是私人产品。为此，人教社主张权利的做法虽然可以理解，但其主张的权利是否符合法规，尚需要讨论。对于教材的编就者来讲，很多内容也并非他的原始著作权。以语文为例，选入了很多人的文章，这些文章的著作权并不是出版社的，出版社只有结构、编排顺序。练习类的教辅并没有使用教材的内容，只是使用了其结构，如果说人教社教材的结构是按照国家指导教材编写的课程标准来编就的，那么教辅也同样可以根据国家课程标准来编。

this，TianXu think，The teaching material by pep in fair market competition is not formed in the present situation，But relied on state administrative power intervention，Is history reasons。Teaching materials should be public service products，Not private products。For this，A claim by pep practice although can understand，But its claim to the right is in accordance with the regulations，Still need to discuss。For the teaching material of the BianJiu terms，A lot of content is not his original copyright。In Chinese, for example，For the many articles，These articles and not of the copyright of the press，Press only structure、Arrangement order。Practice teaching assistants and no use of the content of the material，Just use its structure，If the structure of teaching material by pep is compiling teaching materials in accordance with state guidance of the curriculum standard to BianJiu，So teaching assistant can also according to the national curriculum standard to make up。

　　教材的编写是在现有资料的基础上进行汇编，教辅与教材一样，是享有独立著作权的汇编作品。所谓汇编作品，是指汇编若干作品、作品的片段或者不构成作品的数据或者其他材料，对其内容的选择或者编排体现独创性的作品。北京维诗律师事务所执行合伙人杨安进认为，汇编作品的著作权也是有限的，并不因为编了教材，所以就对这里面的单篇作品也享有著作权了。此外，所有教材是在大纲指导下编写的，教辅的目录和教材一样，这又涉及到教材的结构是否受著作权法的保护。对于汇编作品的结构问题，杨安进认为不存在著作权问题，也不存在对教材作品的著作权侵权。

The compilation of the teaching material is the basis of the existing data compiled，Assistant teaching and teaching materials，Is the copyright of enjoy independent assembly work。The so-called assembly work，Refers to some assembly work、The work does not constitute the work pieces or data or other materials，The content of choice or layout originality reflect the work。Beijing d poem law firm executive partner YangAnJin think，Assembly copyright in the work is limited，Not because the plait materials，So here ChanPian works to also enjoy the copyright。In addition，All the teaching materials are under the guidance of writing in outline，Assistant teaching catalogues and teaching materials，It involves the structure of teaching material is copyright protected under this law。The structure of the works for assembly，YangAnJin believing that there is the copyright problem，Also does not exist to the teaching material of works copyright infringement。

　　认为自己遭“侵权”的不仅仅是教材，很多知名教辅也常常遭遇侵权。田旭介绍说：“一部分高码洋低折扣的教辅，都是到市场上把最好的教辅全部买下来，然后找几个老师到里面扒内容。我们常常遭到这种侵权，但却很少维权，一是维权成本高，二是效果差。”田旭补充道，侵权行为很难界定，即使正规出版社的教辅也有相当一部分题目来自各地的中考题。

Thinks he was“infringement”Is not only the materials，Many famous teaching assistant and often encounter infringement。TianXu introduced said：“Part of the high tax low discount's teaching assistant，Is the best on the market to buy all the teaching assistant，And then look for the teacher to grilled inside content。We often were the infringement，But few rights，One is the high cost of rights，2 it is poor effect。”TianXu added，It is very difficult to define infringement，Even if the formal press's teaching assistant there are a number of questions in the examination questions from all over the world。

　　》专家看法 》Expert views

　　首先要治理“高码洋低折扣” First to management“High tax low discount”

　　龙门书局副总编辑田旭认为，眼下最需要治理的是高码洋低折扣，这种行为不仅搅乱市场，使许多不愿这么做的正规出版社遭到淘汰，而且给学生和家长增加了负担。试想一下，一套书一两百元，学校推荐的加上老师推荐的，每年花费就不少，而且这些质量差的书买回来一般也不会用。

The deputy chief editor TianXu think that book，At present the need of the management is high tax low discount，This kind of behavior is not only trouble market，Many don't want to do this of formal press were eliminated，And to increase the burden on students and parents。imagine，A set of books is controlled yuan，The school is recommended and the teacher recommended the，Every year many cost，And these low quality books to buy back general also won't use。

　　田旭说：“第一，建议进行限价，即对定价进行限制，并对批发折扣规定一个区间，不能超出。第二，应进行出版资质的治理，没有资质的不能出教辅，这样最后剩下四五十家出版社，国家也好管理。第三，制定行业标准，国家要有规范性指导，规定教辅应该达到什么质量。第四，建立质量审查制度。教辅的质量审查和一般出版物是不一样的，仅用编辑技术手段来看编辑规范与否是不够的。教辅应该重内容审查，看题对不对，答案对不对等。”“除了治理‘小征订’（高码洋低折扣），对‘大征订’（系统发放）的产品应该实行公开招标。让大家都来竞标，让老师们打分、甄选。此外，学校和老师不能再征订教辅，统一征订背后的利益太大。前两天我碰到一位老师，他说教研组仅仅是推荐一本教辅给学生，老师们就各分得了两千元。”田旭说。

TianXu said：“The first，Suggestions for price，That is to limit on pricing，And the wholesale discount provisions a interval，Beyond the。The second，The management of qualification should be published，No qualifications can't out teaching assistant，So the last forty or fifty house press，Countries or management。The third，Been setting the industry standard，Countries should have regulatory guidance，Teaching assistants should achieve what quality regulations。The fourth，Set up quality examination system。The quality of the teaching assistant examination and general publication is not the same，Use only edit technical means to see editorial standard or not is not enough。Assistant teaching should be heavy censors，See question right，The answer right, etc。”“In addition to management‘Subscribe to the small’（High tax low discount），to‘Big to subscribe to the’（System release）Products should carry out public bidding。Everyone has a bid，Let the teachers allocation、selection。In addition，Schools and teachers can't subscribe to the teaching assistant，Subscribe to the unified the interests behind too big。Two days before I met a teacher，He said the educational research group is just recommend a teaching assistant to the students，Their teachers share the two thousand yuan。”TianXu said。

　　田旭对记者介绍说：“龙门书局对于编写教辅十分严谨，有经过数年建立起来的质量保障体系。除了对写稿的老师进行严格选择和管理，还不停地找大学生做题，保证题目和答案是对的，教辅出版的第一任务是消灭错题错答案。这样做虽然不足以保证本本书都很好，但绝不会出现粗制滥造。教辅出版归根到底是内容服务，做好内容，让学生自己评价选择就可以了。这些年来，龙门书局坚持做好内容，并没有受到市场混乱的影响，销量不断增加。”

TianXu introduced said to reporters：“The goal for reference book write very exact，After several years have set up quality guarantee system。In addition to the teacher who writes for a strict selection and management，Kept on looking for college students to do problem，Ensure questions and answers is correct，The publication of the first assistant teaching task is to destroy the wrong topic the wrong answer。Do this even though not sufficient to ensure the book is very good，But will never appear rough way。Teaching assistant published in the final analysis they are content service，Well content，Let the student evaluation choice。Over the years，Longmen publishing content to do，And not under the influence of the market turmoil，Sales increased。”