大师系列之周有光 The ZhouYouGuang masters series

　　周有光，1906年生于江苏常州。中国语言学家、文字学家，通晓汉、英、法、日四种语言。周有光青年和中年时期主要从事经济、金融工作，做过经济学教授，1955年，他的学术方向改变，开始专职从事语言文字研究，曾参加并主持拟定《汉语拼音方案》（1958年公布），担任翻译《不列颠百科全书》的中美联合编审委员会中方三人之一。几十年来一直致力于中国内地的语文改革，提倡现代汉字学和比较文字学。

ZhouYouGuang，Born in 1906 in jiangsu changzhou。Chinese linguists、Philology home，Familiar with han、the、method、Day four languages。ZhouYouGuang young and middle-aged period is mainly engaged in the economy、Financial work，Do an economics professor，1955 years，His academic direction change，Began to specialized in the language study，Had attended and presided drawn up《Chinese pinyin scheme》（Published in 1958），As a translation《The British encyclopedia》The committee of the sino-us joint proof-reader one of three。For decades has been committed to the Chinese mainland Chinese reform，Advocate modern Chinese graphological and compare philology。

　　

开篇语： Introductory words：

　　20世纪初，他们锐意进取、开风气之先，他们在各自的行业不懈追求，成绩卓然……今天，让我们走近这些跨世纪的大师，感受他们的人格魅力，重温一个时代的精髓。

At the beginning of 20 centuries，They forge ahead、The trendsetter while，They in their respective industry unremitting pursuit，Performance remarkably……today，Let us go near these masters of the turn of the century，Feeling their personality charm，Review the essence of an era。

　　在北京闷热的桑拿天，年过106岁的语言学巨匠周有光慢慢喝完一杯西瓜水，像孩童般乐呵呵地说“好喝”，然后开始接受本报记者的专访。虽然年事已高，对话需要助听器，不时还要借助纸笔，但他谈吐条理分明，声音洪亮，说到好玩之处爱开怀大笑。

In Beijing the sultry sauna days，In the 106-year-old masters of linguistics ZhouYouGuang slowly after drinking a cup of watermelon water，Like a child to jolly said“good”，Then began to accept our newspaper reporter's interview。Although the old，Dialogue need to hearing AIDS，Occasionally to paper with pen，But his style of clear;，loud，Said to fun place love to laugh。

　　作为“拼音方案”主要创制者，泽被后人，周有光却不喜“汉语拼音之父”这顶帽子。他说：“我不喜欢人家捧我，大家都这样讲，我也没有办法。我前半生搞经济学，后半生搞语言文字学。只是写过几本书，在大学里教过书。”

as“Pinyin scheme”The main initiative，Ze be later generations，ZhouYouGuang but not pleased“The father of Chinese pinyin”This hat。He said：“I don't like somebody else hold me，Everyone spoke，I have no choice。I first half make economics，Life make language philology。Just written several books，In the university taught。”

　　

前半生研究经济成名 First half of economic research famous

　　周有光原本是学经济的，早年曾留学日本，二战后考察过欧洲经济和社会。后来任职新华银行，1947年由银行派驻美国纽约，在经济学圈子里很有名气。在普林斯顿大学做访问时，他还与爱因斯坦有过两面之缘。“当时，爱因斯坦是普林斯顿大学的客座教授。我的朋友说爱因斯坦刚好得空没事干，想找朋友聊天。他的学问我不懂，我搞经济学他也不懂，我们两个没办法谈学问，只是普通的聊天，这是一个遗憾。”

ZhouYouGuang originally is to learn of the economy，Studying in Japan had an early，After the second world war, checks the European economic and social。Xinhua bank for later，In the United States in 1947 by the bank of New York，In economics circles is very famous。In Princeton university do visit，He also and Einstein had two sides of the edge。“At that time，Einstein is a visiting professor at Princeton university。My friend said Einstein was just about to have nothing to do，Want to look for a friend to chat。His knowledge I don't understand，I make economics he also don't understand，We two can't talk about learning，Only the ordinary chat，This is a shame。”

　　1949年，周有光怀着一腔爱国热情，回国担任复旦大学和上海经济研究所的教授。“上海解放以后，我们在国外的人都认为中国有希望，纷纷归国。很多人问我，为什么要选择回国？我说那时候回来的不只是我一个人，是许许多多人。”他说，“在国外我的工作很轻松，待遇非常高，只是有钱没有意义。回国我并不遗憾，我还是幸运的，在语言文字学方面有所作为。”

1949 years，ZhouYouGuang with a cavity patriotic enthusiasm，Back to fudan university and Shanghai as economic research institute, professor。“Shanghai after liberation，We in the foreign people think that China has a hope，Have returned。Many people have asked me，Why did you choose for home？I said that time come back not just me，Is a lot of people。”He said，“I work in foreign countries is easy，Treatment is very high，Money alone has no meaning。Home I don't regret，I was lucky，In the language philology aspect somewhat as。”

　　1955年10月，国家文字改革委员会邀请他到北京参加拟订汉语拼音方案及文字简化工作，任文字改革委员会研究员和第一研究室主任。“当时我说，语言文字学我是业余搞的，我是外行。领导说，这是一项新的工作，大家都是外行。”

October 1955，National text reform commission invited him to Beijing to draw up Chinese pinyin plan and simplified characters，As word reform commission researchers and the first director of research。“At that time I said，Language philology I am an amateur make of，I am no judge。Leaders say，This is a new job，Everyone is incompetence。”

　　“我从学生时代，对语言文字学就很感兴趣。这可以说是我的娱乐。”在欧洲期间，他发现字母学很有趣味，买了许多书自己看，纯粹是出于好玩，想不到隔了几十年会用上。

“I'm from school days，For language philology very interested。It is my entertainment。”In Europe during，He found letters learn very interesting，Bought a lot of books myself，Entirely out of fun，Not every dozens convention do。

　　

六年制定汉语拼音方案 Six years for Chinese pinyin scheme

　　

如今采用拼音打字 Now the pinyin typing

　　从上海调到北京，专门做汉语拼音方案的工作，周有光定下了汉语拼音方案的三原则，拉丁化、音素化和口语化。对于当时有何借鉴，周有光说：“在制定汉语拼音方案之前，有汉语罗马字，应当说是很科学的，但是太复杂了，小学生不好学，外国人更学不好，所以新中国成立以后，我们要重新订汉语拼音方案。中国的文字改革运动，又称语言文字现代化，这个运动是清朝末年就开始了，一步一步走到今天，已经告一段落了，现在还订了语言文字法。”

From Shanghai transferred to Beijing，Special do Chinese pinyin scheme work，ZhouYouGuang set the Chinese phonetic alphabet of the three principles of the scheme，latinized、The phonemes and colloquial。What is the reference for at that time，ZhouYouGuang said：“In the development of Chinese pinyin plan before，Chinese the Roman character，Should say that it was very scientific，But it's too complicated，Pupils learn bad，More foreigners learn bad，So after new China was founded，We want to order Chinese pinyin scheme。The words of the reform movement in China，Also called language modernization，This movement is the end of the qing dynasty began，Step by step go today，Is over，Now also booked language method。”

　　制订汉语拼音方案过程困难重重，周有光说：“要说没有困难，怎么会整整搞了6年，花3年变成中国标准，再花3年工夫变成国际标准。困难大得很，大家都有不同的意见，收到了国内外4000多封信，可见是个大事情啊。问题很复杂，今天我们也都解决了。”改行以后，他专门研究语言文字学。后来由于翻译《不列颠百科全书》，又因博学多闻，还曾被连襟沈从文戏称为“周百科”。他笑言：“从1955年冬天开始到现在，我搞语言文字学也有大半个世纪了。”

Make Chinese pinyin scheme process with difficulties，ZhouYouGuang said：“Say no difficult，How can make the whole six years，Spend three years into China's standards，Spend three years time into the international standard。Difficult is huge，We all have a different opinion，Received 4000 letters at home and abroad，Visible is a big thing。Problem is very complex，Today we are solved。”After switching，He specializes in language philology。After the translation《The British encyclopedia》，And because of erudition，Had been LianJin shen congwen called for“ZhouBaiKe”。He said laughing：“From the beginning to now the winter of 1955，I make language philology also have over half a century。”

　　如今他用拼音打字，也正是得益于他半世纪以来从事的语言文字工作。他已经使用打字机30年，至今用坏了5部打字机。他形容说，“使用打字机后写作变得更快了， 一天可以做以前五天的工作。”

Now he pinyin typing，It is also benefited from his half a century of work in language。He has already use a typewriter 30 years，So far five department with bad typewriter。He describes said，“Use a typewriter writing after faster， A day to do before five days of work。”

　　

不看小说，看真的事情 Watch novel，At the real things

　　周有光85岁才离开办公室，退休以后就离开专业。他说：“我生活在专业的井底里面大半个世纪，走出这个专业的井底，我发现井外还有一个知识的海洋，在这个海洋里面，我是文盲。所以，离开专业以后我要自我扫盲。”

ZhouYouGuang age 85 to leave the office，Retired from professional。He said：“I live in professional inside at the bottom of a well over half a century，Out of the professional at the bottom of a well，I found the well and a knowledge of the oceans，In the sea inside，I cannot。so，Then I will leave professional self literacy。”

　　周有光被视为“两头真”的老知识分子，平时他把有价值的各种资料都放在身边慢慢地看，平时阅读涉猎无所不包，主要关注的是国际形势变化和文化问题。但有一点，他不看小说。因为“小说都是假的，我要看真的事情”。

ZhouYouGuang is regarded as“Two head is”Old intellectuals，Usually he leave valuable all kinds of material in the side slowly look，Normally read encompassing parts，The main concern is the international situation changes and cultural issues。But have a bit，He doesn't watch novel。because“Novels are false，I really want to see things”。

　　2010年，在104岁高龄之时，周有光推出杂文集《朝闻道集》，此后两年，他又陆续出版了《拾贝集》《静思录》。最近，已有出版社为他筹划出版全集《周有光文集》，将他迄今出版过的42本书重新整理面世。实际上，即便现在，周有光仍然笔耕不辍，不断在报端发表文章，文字间竟显露自然的年轻生气。

2010 years，At the age of 104，ZhouYouGuang ZaWenJi launch《ChaoWen word set》，The next two years，He also have published《SheBeiJi》《Meditation to record》。recent，For he has press published planning works《ZhouYouGuang corpus》，Will he ever to have appeared and rewriting the book appeared。In fact，Even now，ZhouYouGuang still continued writing life，Unceasingly in the central hunan province published articles，Words have revealed the between natural young angry。

　　

长住蜗居 Stay humble abode

　　

“心宽室自大” “XinKuan room arrogance”

　　周有光的小书房约9平方米，即便整个房子也只是50平方米的蜗居，他已经在这里住了二十多年。他说：“心宽室自大，室小心乃宽。”

The small study ZhouYouGuang about 9 square meters，Even if the whole house is 50 square metre humble abode，He has lived here for more than 20 years。He said：“XinKuan room arrogance，Room be careful is wide。”

　　在一扇朝北的窗户前，他常常静坐在小书桌旁读书、看报、打字，桌子台面已见斑驳老旧。身后的墙上挂着他和已故夫人张允和的温馨合影，四壁摆满了书。他说：“因为我年老，耳朵又不灵，去外面活动不方便，我的天下就是这么大一个小房子。所以我开玩笑说，我只有半张破桌子、半间小屋子，我的世界小得不得了。”

In a door to the north gate of the front of the window，He often sit in small book table reading、Reading the newspaper、typing，Desk mesa already see old mottled。Hanging on the wall behind his late wife and the warmth of ZhangYun and photos，The walls are filled with books。He said：“Because I am old，Ears and wouldn't work，Go to outside activities not convenient，My world is so big a small house。So I joked，I only half of the table、Half a small room，My world small a charm。”

　　他有大把的时间可以看书、写作，阅读时他眼镜、放大镜并用，对他来说，能够看书是一种莫大的享受，丝毫不觉烦闷。“我在不能参加社会活动以后，看的书反而多了。”不时地，他还“接活”，为晚辈的新书作序。

He has plenty of time to read、writing，To read his glasses、Magnifying glass and，For him, the，Can read a book is a great enjoyment，Boring but I don。“I can't take part in social activities after，See of book instead。”From time to time，He also“Meet live”，For the younger generation's new book for order。

　　周有光和张允和70年的恩爱婚姻曾羡煞旁人。自2003年张允和病逝后，周有光每晚在小书房沙发上屈腿过夜，不再回到卧室去睡觉。半年后，周有光才慢慢恢复过来。

ZhouYouGuang and ZhangYun and 70 years of marriage has conjugal love envy others evil spirit。Since 2003 ZhangYun and died，ZhouYouGuang every night in small study the sofa bended leg for the night，Return to bedroom to go to sleep。After half a year，ZhouYouGuang just slowly recovered。

　　

对话周有光： Dialogue ZhouYouGuang：

　　

创造未来是 Create the future is

　　

下一代的任务 The task of the next generation

　　广州日报：有人称您是“明白老人”。为什么您对现实问题能够保持清醒认识？

Guangzhou daily：Some called you are“Understand the old man”。Why did you stay awake to the real problem to know？

　　周有光：我想，每一个知识分子都应当有这个能力，孟子说：“是非之心，人皆有之。”明白人是多数，糊涂人还是少数，否则就完啦。

ZhouYouGuang：I want to，Each intellectuals should have this ability，Mencius said：“ShiFeiZhiXin，The person all has。”Wise men is most，Foolish or minority，Or it finished。

　　广州日报：作为语言文字学家，您如何看待文字改革的进程？当前我国文字改革的任务是什么？

Guangzhou daily：As a language philology home，How do you see the text of the reform process？The current our country reform task is text??????？

　　周有光：文字改革有四件大事情，第一，全国普及普通话，现在这个目标差不多实现了。第二，文言改为白话，从清朝末年开始提倡，“五四”形成高潮，至新中国成立已经完成。第三，要整理汉字，因为汉字太乱，该工作要长期做下去。第四，给汉字标音，1918年，北洋政府公布了注音字母，但注音字母不方便，所以1958年我国又重新设计汉语拼音方案。总的来讲，语言的现代化是长期的工作。有一个问题，拼音需要进一步提倡实行“正词法”和“分词连写”，增进拼音的功能。这件事情需要好好宣传、推广，许多人还不了解，有的人甚至还反对。

ZhouYouGuang：There are four a text reform things，The first，The national popular mandarin，Now this goal almost come true。The second，Instead of classical Chinese vernacular，From the end of the qing dynasty began to advocate，“the”Form climax，New China was founded to has been finished。The third，To be organizing Chinese characters，Because Chinese characters of the mess，This work to long-term doing it。The fourth，To Chinese standard sound，1918 years，The northern government announced the phonetic alphabet，But the phonetic alphabet not convenient，So in 1958, and to design Chinese pinyin scheme。generally，The modernization of the language is work for a long time。Have a question，Pinyin need further advocate practices“orthographic”and“Participle ligatures”，Improve pinyin function。It needs a good publicity、promotion，Many people still don't understand，Some people even against。

　　广州日报：作为老一辈学人，您对后辈有什么期望吗？

Guangzhou daily：As a veteran economist，You what expectations for junior？

　　周有光：我很喜欢跟青年人做朋友，后辈用不着我去期望什么，他们会创造未来。创造未来是下一代的任务，我是乐观主义者，整个世界是在前进、发展的，特别是上世纪90年代以来，中国的发展很快。全球化时代，又称为知识化时代。知识当中有两样东西最重要，一个是科学，一个是民主。我希望年轻人要培养独立思考能力。专题策划： 赵洁文： 北京站记者 谢绮珊

ZhouYouGuang：I like make friends with young people，I don't have to expect the generations??????，They will create the future。Create the future is the task of the next generation，I am an optimist，The whole world is a work in progress、Development of，Especially since the 1990 s，China is developing very quickly。In the age of globalization，Also known as knowledge era。Knowledge of two things is the most important，One is the science，One is the democratic。I hope that young people to foster independent thinking。Project planning： ZhaoJieWen： Beijing station reporters XieQiShan