匈牙利中小学生一到周末就往博物馆艺术馆跑

Hungary primary and middle school students to a weekend went to run museum of art museum

　　如果整个社会都认为兴趣爱好广泛的人更有潜力和培养价值，你想他们的考试压力还会那么大吗？

If the whole society think interest extensive are more potential and training of value，You want to their test pressure will so big？

　　中央广播电视大学教师牛志楠，曾在2011年前往位于匈牙利首都布达佩斯的罗兰大学孔子学院做了1年的志愿者，从事汉语教学工作。牛志楠说，匈牙利中小学生一到周末就往博物馆、艺术馆跑，这一点让她十分吃惊。

The central radio and television university teachers NiuZhiNan，Once in 2011 to the Budapest Roland university Confucius institute do 1 years of volunteers，Engaged in the work of Chinese teaching。NiuZhiNan said，Hungary primary and middle school students to a weekend went to the museum、Art museum ran，This made her very surprised。

　　中国青年报：您在匈牙利期间，曾在当地高中实习。您感觉，匈牙利中学生与中国中学生最大的不同是什么？

China youth daily：You during in Hungary，Once at a local high school practice。You feel，Hungary to the middle school and China's middle school students of the biggest differences is that??????？

　　牛志楠：我感觉他们更有国际视野。我所在的高中，会用各种方式强调和鼓励学生一定要“走出去”。比如，学校在临近假期时，会希望学生交一个假期作业，让他们谈在国外旅行的感悟。假期结束后，学校会专门安排时间，让孩子们展示自己的旅游调研报告，并与同学分享、交流。

NiuZhiNan：I feel they are more international vision。I am in a high school，Will emphasize in various ways and encourage students must“Go out”。For example，Near the school during the vacation，Will hope that students make a vacation homework，Let them talk about travel in a foreign country to comprehend。After the holidays，The school will be specialized arrangements for the time，Let the children show their tourism research report，And share、exchange。

　　这个作业虽然是自愿的，但匈牙利的学生家长对此非常支持，会尽可能地根据孩子的兴趣，让他们自己选择旅游目的地和旅游路线。家长们相信，让孩子多接触外面的世界、多了解社会，对孩子的成长更有好处。我的一位学生，很喜欢德国，在学校选修了德语课程，于是一次假期，他带着感兴趣的话题和学习过程中的困惑，独自在德国待了差不多1个月，并且完成了一份很有意思的调研报告，谈德国高中生的世界观和价值观，以及他们的这些观念与匈牙利高中生有哪些差异。

The homework though is voluntary，But the parents of the students are very Hungary support，As far as possible will according to the child's interest，Let them choose your own tourist destination and travel route。Parents believe that，Let the child contact the world outside、More about social，For the development of children more good。One of my students，Like the German，In the school took German course，So a vacation，He took a subject of interest and confusion in the learning process，Alone in Germany for almost a month，And finished a very interesting research report，Talk about the German high school students world outlook and values，And their these ideas and Hungary high school students have what difference。

　　中国青年报：您刚才说，有高中生选修了德语课程，太超前了吧？

China youth daily：You just said，Have high school students took German course，Too advanced it？

　　牛志楠：匈牙利在高中阶段就开设选修课。因为他们觉得，在高中开设选修课，可以让青少年更早地知道自己想要什么。同时，增强和培养青少年的素质和兴趣。这些选修课的形式多样，而且轻松自由。比如科技课，老师不会总是照本宣科地讲知识、勾重点，而是更侧重于让学生动手做一些小实验和小发明；在语言课上，老师往往弱化语法和词汇的学习，让学生合上书本，直接进行对话，拿更多时间谈天说地；每周五，他们可以选修匈牙利民族舞蹈课，报名的学生非常多。当然，这些选修课不是强制性的，如果不想上，完全可以用这些时间去图书馆看书和上网。

NiuZhiNan：Hungary in the high school stage runs elective course。Because they feel，In high school open elective course，Can let teenagers earlier know what you want to have。At the same time，Enhance the quality and cultivate teenagers and interest。These elective diverse forms，And relaxed freedom。Such as science，The teacher won't always scripted talking knowledge、Hook key，But more focused on the ask pupils to make a small experiment and small invention；In the language class，The teacher often weakening grammar and vocabulary learning，Let the students close the books，To talk directly to the，Take more time talking；Every Friday，They can take the Hungarian national dance classes，The student is very much。Of course，These elective courses not mandatory，If do not want to go，Can use the time to go to the library and read and the Internet。

　　其实不仅仅是选修课，学生们在上必修课时也很放松。另外，他们上学时携带的书本很少，作业一般一小时就能做完，周末也不会去上补习班。

In fact is not only elective course，The students in the required course is also very relaxed。In addition，When they go to school with few books，Job usually one hour would be done，The weekend also do not go to cram school。

　　中国青年报：那他们周末都喜欢做什么呢？

China youth daily：That they all weekend like to do what？

　　牛志楠：匈牙利中小学生一到周末就往各种博物馆、艺术馆跑，这一点让我十分吃惊。匈牙利青少年的艺术修养和对艺术的热情超乎我的想象。我经常看到小学生带着画架和白纸，在美术馆围着某幅名作临摹，并写上自己的感悟。他们甚至还会讨论这幅画是什么时期的画作，哪些画家和他是一个艺术流派的。

NiuZhiNan：Hungary primary and middle school students to a weekend went to all kinds of museum、Art museum ran，This let me very surprised。Hungary teenagers art accomplishment and passion for the arts beyond my imagination。I often see pupils with the easels and white paper，Around a picture in a museum famous copy，And write his thoughts。They can even discuss this painting is what period of the painting，What is a painter and his art genres。

　　我曾在美术馆与一名当地中学生交流，他说，老师在课堂上如果讲到关于古罗马、古希腊的历史和建筑，就会布置作业，让他们在周末去相应的博物馆参观，并且要汇报，谈他们从博物馆里发现了什么、学到了什么、感悟到了什么。对此，他不会有任何厌烦的情绪。他说，每次去博物馆都是一次“探秘之旅”，很有意思。

I have been at the art museum and a local high school students exchange，He said，In class the teacher if talked about ancient Rome、The history of the ancient Greek and building，Will homework，Let them going to the corresponding visit the museum，And to report，Talk about them from the museum found??????、Learned what、Feeling what the。this，He won't have any tired of emotions。He said，Every time I go to the museum is a“Exploration tour”，Very interesting。

　　中国青年报：感觉匈牙利中小学生的课业负担不重，难道他们没有考试压力吗？

China youth daily：The primary and middle school students feel Hungary not heavy schoolwork burden，Are they not test pressure？

　　牛志楠：如果整个社会都认为，兴趣爱好广泛的人更有潜力和培养价值，都认为实践能力大于学历学位，你想他们的考试压力还会那么大吗？在匈牙利人看来，兴趣爱好和实践能力，不是在教室里背出来的，也不是用题海战术练出来的，这些素质通过从小到大的生活实践及文化熏陶，早已渗入你的骨髓，不需要通过重复练习或复习，就能信手拈来。从匈牙利的学校考试，到用人单位的招聘，都贯穿着这样的思维和逻辑，所以匈牙利年轻人可以从容地“玩出”、“游戏出”自己的人生。(实习生 张维欣 记者 肖舒楠)

NiuZhiNan：If the whole society think，The interest hobby is widespread are more potential and training of value，All think practice ability than degree，You want to their test pressure will so big？In Hungary people seem，Hobbies and practice ability，Not in the classroom back out，Nor with exams tactics from practice，These qualities through the life since the practice and cultural influence，Already the penetrate your bone marrow，Don't need through repeated practice or review，Can exist。From Hungary's school exams，To the employing units of hiring，All throughout this thinking and logic，So young people can calmly Hungary“Play out”、“The game”Of his life。(Interns ZhangWeiXin reporter XiaoShu nan)