三、中美两种竞技体育与教育结合方式的比较与分析 three、The two kinds of competitive sports and education combining ways of comparison and analysis

1.美国从基础教育到高等教育与竞技体育是合一的，而中国是分离的。 1. The United States education to higher education from the foundation and the sports are one，While China is a separate。美国的中、小学是培养优秀运动员的摇篮，学生在完成基础教育的同时，根据自身的情况和兴趣，从事早期自发的运动训练。在中国，如发现儿童有运动天赋，则抽调到运动体校进行训练，继而到专业体校、运动队进行训练，从而过早地脱离了基础教育课堂。美国大学是培养竞技天才的高级阶段，运动员在接受高等教育的同时，在优良的训练环境中，在优秀教练员的指导下，充分挖掘自身的运动才能，在竞技领域实现自己的价值。而在中国，最好的运动天才在竞技体育部门直属的各运动队，他们过早地脱离了科学文化教育，再回高等学府“回炉”，显得力不从心；同时又打破了长期因循的运动训练节奏，显得非常不适应。

In the United States、A primary school is the cradle of cultivating outstanding athletes，Students completed basic education in at the same time，According to the circumstance of oneself and interest，Engaged in the early spontaneous sports training。In China，Such as the discovery of children's athletic，Is transferred to the movement who for training，And then to the professional who、Sports teams for training，Thus the basic education prematurely from class。The United States is to cultivate university athletics the advanced stage of genius，Accept higher education in athletes at the same time，In the training of the good environment，In under the guidance of a good coach，Fully exploit their own sports ability，In the domain of athletics to realize your worth。But in China，The best sports genius in competitive sports departments directly under the various sports team，They prematurely from scientific culture education，Return to higher education“re-blows”，ragged；At the same time it broke the long-term of sports training following the rhythm，Appear very not used to it。

2.美国从基础教育到高等教育，竞技体育在学校中的组织管理机制是健全的，竞技体育系统是大教育系统中的子体系。而中国是“两条腿”走路。 2. The United States based education to higher education from，In the organization of competitive sports school management mechanism is sound，Competitive sports education system of large system is son system。While China is a“Two legs”walk。一方面是竞技体育系统，有业余体校——专业体校——重点体校——省、市专业队——国家队等环节，从选材开始到早期训练、正规训练，配套成龙，很有成效，但整个训练过程基本上脱离了基础教育和高等教育，从而使运动员文化科学素质很低。另一方面，又谋求优秀运动员在高等教育阶段的“回炉”，这势必造成运动员学生的“力不从心”和高校的“勉为其难”；同时，又打破了运动员训练的习惯和节奏，使其背上很沉重的“学习负担”，这既影响运动员学习运动技能创造优异运动成绩，又很难完成高等教育阶段的学习科目。

On the one hand is athletics sports system，There are some amateur who--who--who--professional key province、City national professional leagues--such links，Select material from start to early training、Formal training，PeiTaoChengLong，So efficient，But the training process from the foundation education basically and higher education，So athletes scientific culture quality is low。On the other hand，And looking for excellent athletes in the higher education stage“re-blows”，This would cause the student athletes“ambition”And university of“Reluctant to”；At the same time，It broke the athletes training habit and rhythm，Make it back very heavy“Learning burden”，This not only affect athletes study achieve excellent sports skills sports results，It is difficult to finish higher education phase of the subjects of study。

3.美国大学是培养优秀运动人才的基地，大学校园拥有优良的训练设施和优秀教练员，为运动员取得优异成绩奠定了物质基础。而中国的“两条腿”走路，使学校不具备培养优秀运动人才的物质条件，竞技运动部门又不具备实施高等教育的条件，两者的结合又缺乏内在的凝聚力，强行“嫁接”很难结出丰硕的果实。 3. The United States is to cultivate excellent sports university talent base，University campus has excellent training facilities and excellent coaches，For athletes to achieve good results established the material basis。While China's“Two legs”walk，Make the school does not have excellent sports talents training material conditions，Competitive sports department and does not have higher education implementation of conditions，The combination of both within and the lack of cohesion，forced“grafting”It is difficult to bear rich fruit。

　　四、结论 four、conclusion

　　美国发展竞技体育的成功经验有许多值得我们借鉴和深思之处，尽管头绪很多，但主体脉络十分清晰，就是体育与教育的有机结合，保证运动员在思想品德、学术水平和竞技水平方面的全面发展，为竞技体育寻求可持续发展的道路。美国大学体育联合会宪章特别强调，“不允许把运动员视为获胜的工具，必须保证运动员的学业，保证运动员的身心健康，运动员享有接受大学教育的任何权利、享有应有的待遇，参加体育运动、接受体育教育只是大学教育经历的一个组成部分”。这为发展大学的竞技体育奠定了法律依据。归纳前面的分析，不难得出这样的结论：我们要培养具有竞技天才的学生，而决不是给竞技人才挂一个学历招牌。

The development of competitive sports has many successful experience worth our using for reference and deep place，Although idea a lot，But the main body is very clear context，Is the organic integration of sports and education，Ensure that athletes in moral、Academic level and the level of all-round development，For competitive sports to seek the path of sustainable development。The university sports federation charter special emphasis on，“Do not allow athletes as the winning tools，Must ensure that athletes studies，Ensure that the physical and mental health of the athletes，Athletes have to accept education university of any of the rights、Entitled treatment，For sports、Sports education just accept education university, a part of experience”。The development of competitive sports for university laid the legal basis。At the front of the inductive analysis，It is not difficult to get to this conclusion：We must cultivate the students with competitive genius，It is never competitive talents to hang a degree signs。

　　因此，我们必须走由小学——中学——大学一条龙的教育与体育通盘结合之路，使竞赛体育与教育的结合从小学开始，把少体校放到普通小学，把省市重点体校放在中学，把省队、国家队放在大学。这一方面使有天赋的运动员在接受训练的同时，接受正规的科学文化教育；另一方面也可改变目前学校“应试教育”的状况，使之具有选拔培养天才运动员的能力。与此配套，应建立正规联赛系统，使之成为检验学校运动训练能力，发现和培养天才运动员的试金石。竞技体育必须归入大教育之中，成为教育大系统之中的人体健康及运动技能的子教育系统，只有这样，才能实现中国竞赛体育与教育的结合。

so，We must go by the primary school-high school-a education and university sports with all the way，Make competition sports and the combination of primary school education from the start，The ShaoTiJiao in elementary school，The cities point in high school who，The ShengDui、National team in university。On the one hand, make gifted athletes in training at the same time，Formal scientific culture education；On the other hand can also change the university now“Exam-oriented education”situation，Make the selection and training of the athletes with genius ability。And the supporting，Shall establish regular league system，Make it become the inspection school sports training ability，Find and cultivate genius the touchstone of athletes。Competitive sports large families, education must be in，Become education big system of human body health and sports skills of the education system of the son，Only in this way，To achieve the Chinese competition sports and the combination of education。