据《财经》报道，最受关注的北京、上海、广州等外来人口集中的城市，决策思路颇为一致，即设置较高的门槛，“先放开一个小口子”

According to《financial》report，The most popular Beijing、Shanghai、Guangzhou and other foreign population concentration city，Decision thinking very consistent，That is set higher threshold，“To let go of a small cut”

　　广受关注的教育部异地高考方案近一段时间以来消息频出。

Controversial foreign ministry of education college entrance examination scheme nearly for a time PinChu news。

　　但《财经》记者从多个渠道获得的消息显示，尚未公布的异地高考方案仍然是雷声大雨点小，只是一个指导性的文件。

but《financial》Reporters from multiple sources in the news shows，The university entrance exam has not released different scheme is still full of hot air，Is a guiding document。

　　7月5日，教育部副部长杜玉波透露，进城务工人员子女在就读地参加高考的政策已经获得国务院批准，并将适时公布。

On July 5,，Deputy minister of education DuYuBo disclosed，Migrant workers children attend to attend the university entrance exam in the policy has already obtained the approval of the state council，And will announced。

　　日前，教育部又公布国家教育事业发展“十二五”规划，专门以一个章节论述进城务工人员子女就学问题，提出：“切实保障进城务工人员子女就学”；“推动各地制定非户籍常住人口在流入地接受高中阶段教育，省内流动人口就地参加高考升学以及省外常住非户籍人口在居住地参加高考升学的办法”。

a，The ministry of education and national education by career development“1025”planning，In a special section discusses the problems of rural migrant workers children's schooling，Put forward：“Ensure migrant workers children's schooling”；“Drive around for the resident population census register in accept high school education defined，The floating population in situ attend the university entrance exam bound and permanent the census register population outside in the residence of the entrance to attend the university entrance exam”。

　　这些不断释放出的信息燃起了众多外地考生和家长的希望。

These are constantly released the information with many candidates and their parents from hope。

　　而《财经》记者了解到，异地高考方案目前只是原则上要求各地“必须放开”，具体如何放开，由各地根据自己的资源承载能力等因素自主设置条件。

and《financial》The reporter understands，Different ground the university entrance exam scheme at present only requires all in principle“Must let go”，How to let go，According to their own resources by regional bearing capacity factors independent set conditions。

　　“这相当于把大门打开了，但里边还会有很多小门，小门的门槛怎么设，地方说了算。”一位接近教育部的人士说。

“This is equivalent to open the door，But it also have a lot of little door，How to set up the threshold of the door，Place have the final say。”A close to the ministry of education of the people said。

　　

设立门槛 Threshold set up

　　这份至今未露真容的文件，由教育部与国家发改委、公安部、人社部共同研究制定。

This has not uncover ZhenRong files，Ministry of education and the national development and reform commission、The ministry of、People club department jointly formulate。

　　知情人士称，早在4月份时，教育部就将方案报给国务院并获得批准，本应于上半年公布。但是决策者认为，面临高考时马上公布，相关政策不但在今年高考来不及施行，反而会引起较大争议，故而推迟到下半年发布。

Person said，In early April when，The ministry of education to the state council for the scheme and approved，This should be released than the first half。But policymakers think，When facing the university entrance exam released immediately，Relevant policy not only in this year the university entrance exam to implementation，It will lead bigger dispute，So until the second half of release。

　　“文件很短，只有几百字，并没有实质性内容。”上述接近教育部的人士说，文件只是原则性地要求各地放开异地高考。

“Files is short，Only a few hundred words，And no substance。”The above close to the ministry of education of the people said，File just to let go of principle requires all different the university entrance exam。

　　目前，各地具体的方案尚未成形，而上海可能会先行。

At present，The plan has not yet been forming around specific，And Shanghai may first。

　　可以确定的是，2013年高考将会适用新方案，这位人士表示：“舆论压力已经难以承受。各种形式的上访每天都在发生。”

To be sure，In 2013 the university entrance exam will apply the new plan，The people said：“Pressure of public opinion has been difficult to bear。All forms of petitions happen every day。”

　　《财经》记者了解到，最受关注的北京、上海、广州等外来人口集中的城市，在决策思路上颇为一致，即设置较高的门槛，“先放开一个小口子”。

《financial》The reporter understands，The most popular Beijing、Shanghai、Guangzhou and other foreign population concentration city，In the decision thinking pretty consistent，That is set higher threshold，“To let go of a small cut”。

　　5月，上海教委主任薛明扬公开表示，随迁子女有限定，需“进城务工人员”。“随迁子女前提必须家长是进城务工人员，所以必须要考虑有固定的工作岗位，对这个城市有很大的贡献，交纳了社会保险这一类的。”薜明扬说。

may，Shanghai education commission director XueMingYang said publicly，SuiQian children have the limit，Need to“Migrant workers”。“SuiQian children premise must parents is migrant workers，So we must consider a fixed job position，To the city has great contribution，Pay the social insurance of this kind。”Bi Ming Yang said。

　　在21世纪教育研究院副院长熊丙奇看来，放行异地高考最可能的路径，就是与各地的户籍制度改革相挂钩。事实上，上海已经有所尝试。

In the 21 st century, vice President of the education research institute XiongBingJi opinion，Release the most possible paths beyond the college entrance examination，Is the household registration system, with worldwide are tied to reform。In fact，Shanghai has been trying。

　　今年的秋季高考，上海将非户籍人口在沪报考对象扩大到了人才类居住证的范围。凡持有效期一年以上引进人才类《居住证》A证（国内引进人才）和B证（国外引进人才），且居住证至2012年6月7日仍在有效期内的家长，其子女在沪读完高中并毕业后，可就地参加高考。

The fall of the university entrance exam this year，Shanghai will not registered population in Shanghai expanded to enter oneself for an examination of the scope of the residence permit talents。All that hold is valid for one year or above of talents《Residence permit》A card（Domestic introduce talents）And B card（Foreign talents），And residence permit to June 7, 2012 is still in the period of validity parents，The children in the Shanghai finished high school and after graduation，But local attend the university entrance exam。

　　根据上海市的政策，符合人才类《居住证》申请条件者，为具有本科以上学历或者特殊才能的国内外人员，并以不改变其户籍或者国籍的形式来上海市工作或者创业为前提条件。

According to Shanghai policy，Meet of talent《Residence permit》Application requirements，For a bachelor degree or special to domestic and foreign staff，And not to change its census register or the nationality of the form to Shanghai is the premise for work or business。

　　到2011年9月，上海共有37万人办理了人才类《居住证》，不到上海常住外来人口的二十分之一。同期，常住上海的外地人口多达897.7万人。

By September 2011，Shanghai of 370000 people for the talents class《Residence permit》，Less than one over twenty of the population of Shanghai foreign residents。Over the same period，Permanent outside Shanghai population up to 8.977 million people。

　　自2011年9月后，上海市将申办人才类《居住证》条件放宽到了专科，但申请者仍必须符合上海市紧缺急需专业类别目录要求，主要包括在沪金融要素市场、贸易重点机构、航运重点机构、高新技术产业化等重点领域里紧缺的人才。

Since September 2011，Shanghai will bid of talents《Residence permit》Conditions to relax specialized subject，But the applicant must conform to the shortage of Shanghai still need professional category directory requirements，Mainly includes financial factor market in Shanghai、Trade key institutions、Shipping key institutions、High technology industrialization in such key areas of shortage of the talents。

　　此外，还有42类“高技能人才”不受学历限制，在与实际用工的用人单位直接签订劳动合同后，即可申办人才类《居住证》。

In addition，And 42 class“The talent of high technical ability”Not be degree restrictions，In the unit of choose and employ persons and the actual labor directly after signing labor contract，Can bid of talents《Residence permit》。

　　与庞大的外来人口相比，符合以上要求者仍然是极少数。

Compared with the great floating population，Meets the above requirement is still rare。

　　熊丙奇认为，异地高考方案出台后，上海仍然会遵遁“适当解决，但对当地不会造成太大冲击”的原则，放宽尺度不会比现行政策更大。

XiongBingJi think，Different ground after the university entrance exam to come，Shanghai will still be at the danger“Appropriate solution，But for the local won't cause too big impact”principle，Relaxing scale than the current policy not much more。

　　北京市教委一位内部人士也透露，北京市的方案也可能采取工作居住证加学籍年限为门槛。

The Beijing municipal education commission a source also revealed，Beijing's plan may also take work with fixed number of year for student residence threshold。

　　1999年，北京市实行“工作居住证”制度，俗称北京“绿卡”。持有绿卡者，子女在幼儿园至中学阶段入学，可享受北京市民待遇。

1999 years，The Beijing“Residence permit to work”system，Commonly known as Beijing“Green card”。Holding the green card，Children in nursery school to high school entrance，Can enjoy Beijing residents treatment。

　　2003年6月，北京市出台《关于实施北京市工作居住证制度若干意见》，明确规定：持《工作居住证》满三年，经聘用单位考核推荐，并符合年度人才开发目录要求的，可申请办理人才引进手续。

June 2003，Beijing issued《Work on implementing the residence permit system some Suggestions》，Specific provision：hold《Residence permit to work》Full three years，The employment unit assessment recommended，And in conformity with the requirements of the annual talent development directory，Can apply for to deal with formalities of introducing talents。

　　但此后，具体考核标准迟迟未出台，“三年之约”至今并未兑现，持有“绿卡”者子女亦无法参加高考。

But since then，A detailed examination of the standard didn't come，“Three years of about”So far has not cash，hold“Green card”Children who could not attend the university entrance exam。

　　此次，“绿卡”族子女有望先成为北京异地高考新政的受益者。至于考生学籍限制，上述北京教委内部人士说：“起码应该高中阶段都在北京就读，并且获得毕业资格。”

the，“Green card”Children are expected to become Beijing first family of different ground of New Deal in the university entrance exam beneficiaries。As for the examinee limit student status，The above Beijing education committee insiders said：“At least the high school stage in Beijing in，And gain graduate qualifications。”

　　此前，有教育界人士还提出了另一种方案，即考生可以在就读地高考，回原户籍所在地参加录取。但在上述人士看来，这种方案并不可行，“北京高考是自主命题，且各省市的录取分数线也不一样，在北京考了390分就可以上三本，如果在山东的话，这个分数哪类高校都上不了，所以回原籍地录取根本无法操作。”

after，Have educators also puts forward the other program，That is the examinee can attend the university entrance exam in the land，Back to the original census register seat to admit。But in the above to look，This plan is not feasible，“Beijing the university entrance exam is independent proposition，And the provinces and cities admit fractional line is not the same，In Beijing took an examination of 390 minutes can three this，If in shandong words，The scores are on what kind of university，So return to their countries of origin to admit can't operate。”

　　此外，还有第三种思路，就是“在学生报考学校的类别上做文章”，即先放开非本地户籍考生报考高职高专这类非本科院校，再进一步扩大到三本、二本等非重点院校。

In addition，There is a third type of thinking，is“In the category of the school students enter oneself for an examination the fuss”，The first release of this locality census register the examinee to higher vocational this kind of universities and colleges of undergraduate course，To further expand to three this、Two of the key universities。

　　因为高考升学率的逐年提升，高职高专在招生中已出现生源困境，而这类职业教育人才在市场上却面临短缺态势，因此从放开高职高专招生入手，是一种现实的选择。

Because the university entrance exam graduation rates of year by year ascension，Higher vocational colleges have appeared in the recruit students of trouble，And this kind of vocational education talent in the market is facing shortages situation，Therefore let go of vocational college recruit students from，Is a kind of real choice。

　　《财经》记者了解到，这也是教育部考虑的一种可能性，而且已有地方展开尝试。今年4月，广东省政府办公厅就提出，“探索省内高职高专院校接受外省户籍考生的入学申请。”

《financial》The reporter understands，This is considered a possibility of ministry of education，And where have spread to try。In April this year，The government of guangdong province proposed general office，“Explore province higher vocational colleges accept provincial examinee household register in the admission。”

　　

破除计划录取 Admitted breaking plan

　　当然，高职高专的放开与普通高校的放开，其意义不可同日而语。

Of course，Higher vocational colleges and the liberalization of the release，Its significance is obvious。

　　其实像北京上海广州之类城市，只要决心放开异地高考，财力不是问题。阻力之一在于当地市民的反对，他们担心外地人挤占了本地的优质教育资源。此前，便有北京市民激烈反对放开异地高考，且在反对信中称，此举将使北京本地考生在竞争中处于劣势。

In fact like Beijing and Shanghai, guangzhou city，So long as determined to let go of different ground the university entrance exam，Money is not the problem。Resistance is one of the citizens of local opposition，They worry about the quality of the outsiders diverted local education resources。after，And Beijing residents vehemently opposed to let go of different ground the university entrance exam，And in a letter in opposition says，The move will make the Beijing local candidates at a competitive disadvantage。

　　目前，中国高校招生实行指标控制，教育部与国家发改委制定总招生指标，再分配到各部属院校，最后由高校在各个省市进行分配。

At present，China's college enrollment implements the target control，The ministry of education with the national development and reform commission for total enrollment index，Then assigned to each subordinate colleges and universities，Finally in all provinces and cities by the university for distribution。

　　在招生指标确定的情况下，如果允许非本地户籍考生被允许在当地参加考试和录取，必然导致户籍考生的录取率下降。

In the recruit students index confirmation of cases，If allowed to the local census register candidates were allowed to attend the test and accepted，Acceptance rates at the top colleges were inevitably leads to census register candidates decline。

　　“教育部门是愿意放开异地高考的，但本地市民反对的意见很大。”上述接近教育部的人士说。

“Education department is willing to let go of different ground of the university entrance exam，But local people opposition is very large。”The above close to the ministry of education of the people said。

　　为此，教育部一度设想，给北京、上海这些城市额外增加招生指标，以消除阻力。

For this，The ministry of education idea once，To Beijing、Shanghai these city for an additional recruit students index，In order to eliminate resistance。

　　但这会引发新的问题，“给北京增加了，其他省份必然也要求增加。”

But this will trigger new problems，“Give Beijing increased，Other provinces will also require increased。”

　　而且，近年来，重点高校生源本地化的趋势越来越严重，已引发诸多诟病。再额外增加指标，更会引起教育不公平的争议。

and，In recent years，The trend of the localization of key universities becomes more and more serious，Already causing many reviled。An extra increase index，More can cause education unfair controversy。

　　另一层阻力则来自于特大城市的人口调控压力，尤以北京、上海为甚。

Another layer of resistance comes from an extra large city population regulation of pressure，Especially in Beijing、Shanghai why。

　　北京市人口增长的速度远超规划，2009年北京市政府工作报告中即提出“逐步实施人口调控目标责任制”。

Beijing's population growth rate than planning，In 2009, the Beijing municipal government work report that is put forward“Gradually implement population control target responsibility system”。

　　2011年，北京市开始通过住房限购、清理地下室、淘汰小商业等多种手段，试图控制人口。北京市教委内部人士透露，在今年7月，中央高层再次表示对北京人口形势的担忧。

2011 years，Beijing has started through the housing 限购、Clean up the basement、Eliminated small business and so on many kinds of means，Trying to control the population。The Beijing municipal education commission source said，In July this year，The central high again said to Beijing's population worries about the situation。

　　北京、上海集中了优质教育资源，当地政府认为全面放开异地高考，势必造成新的大规模高考移民。

Beijing、Shanghai focused on the quality education resources，The local government think that go beyond the comprehensive university entrance exam，It will be bound to cause a massive new migration for the college entrance examination。

　　上海教委主任薛明扬就明确表示，如果父母在城市里没有固定的工作，没有固定的住所，他们的孩子也可以在流入地参加高考，“实话实说，那将一发不可收拾的”。这实际上已经把农民工子女排除在了放开范围之外。

Shanghai education commission director XueMingYang clearly said，If the parents in the city without fixed work，No fixed abode，Their children also can be defined in attend the university entrance exam，“To be honest，That will be uncontrollable”。This, in fact, have put the migrant children out beyond let go。

　　因此，综合来看，短期内异地高考方案实质效果并不乐观。

so，Comprehensive to see，The short term beyond the college entrance examination scheme effect is not optimistic essence。

　　在教育界的改革人士看来，从根本上打破异地高考僵局，在考试制度上小修小补无济于事，不如下决心改革现行的高考录取制度。

The reform in education of people look，Fundamentally different the university entrance exam to break the deadlock，In the examination system on small improvements of no help，As determined to reform of active the university entrance exam system of admission。

　　首先要破除的就是现行的计划录取方式，改由高校自主招生，且允许每个考生可同时申请多所院校，实现双向选择。

First to break the current plan is to admit way，Independent college recruit students shifted，And allow each the examinee may also apply for many colleges and universities，Realize two-way choice。

　　“学生就可以用脚投票，迫使高校提高办学质量，以及保障招生过程中的公正性。”熊丙奇说。

“Students can voting with their feet，To improve the quality of forcing the college，In the process of recruit students and guarantee fairness。”XiongBingJi said。

　　前述北京市教委内部人士亦持类似观点，他认为，应该实行全国统一的标准化考试，但考试成绩只作为基础知识的考核，而不作为录取的唯一条件，在此基础上由高校进行自主招生，从而解决异地高考难题。“这样，学生在哪里考都是一样的。”

The foregoing the Beijing municipal education commission insiders also a similar view，He thinks，Should carry out the unified standard exam，But the exam results only as a basic knowledge of the assessment，But not as admit the requirement，On the basis of the universities by autonomous enrolment，So as to solve different problems the university entrance exam。“this，Where students take an examination of is all the same。”

　　当然，这仍然需要从教育资源的相对均等化为前提。若优质资源仍集中在北京、上海等地区，人口仍会向这些城市集中，这仍与特大城市的人口压力相悖。（编辑 喻孟）

Of course，This still need from education resource is the prerequisite for the relatively equal access。If quality resources still focused in Beijing、Shanghai and other regions，The population is still to these urban centralized，This still and an extra large city population pressure personality。（Editor YuMeng）