近日，法国文学翻译家、《世界文学》主编余中先，就国内文学翻译的现状接受了中国青年报记者专访。

recently，French literature translators、《World literature》. First in more than，The present situation of Chinese literature translation accepted the China youth daily reporter interviews。

出版社急于求成 翻译作品粗制滥造 Press eager to hope for success b-movie translation work

　　中国青年报：您认为当前文学翻译的总体状况如何？

China youth daily：Do you think the current literature translation of the overall status？

　　余中先：国内文学翻译人才“青黄不接”的状态是公认的，懂外语的人大多不愿意搞文学翻译。除了翻译英语作品，好的译者很难找到。老译者一般都在翻译或重译经典作品；中年译者则忙于教学、科研、行政管理；年轻的能胜任翻译的人，又有很大的经济压力，很难看得上稿费微薄的翻译工作。有的出版商就随便找几个粗通外语的人对付，这样译出来的作品质量自然难以保证。

First in more than：Domestic literature translation talents“Rainy day”The state is recognized，Speak the language of most don't like to have literary translation。In addition to English translation work，A good translator is very difficult to find。Old translator generally in translation or retranslation classic；Middle-aged translator is busy teaching、Scientific research、Administrative management；The young qualified for translation，And a lot of economic pressure，It is difficult to KanDeShang for poor translation work。Some publishers just find a few knew something of foreign language to deal with，This translation of the work out quality natural to guarantee。

　　此外，我国文学翻译选题不平衡，小语种译著严重缺乏。现在学英语的人太多了，把所有学其他语种的人加起来，可能也不到学英语的人的20%。我也做编辑，见到的英语作品译稿通常还可以，小语种作品译稿水平就比较差。但人家有兴趣去翻译就不错了。

In addition，Our country's literature translation subject imbalance，Small language serious lack of translation。English now too many people，To learn other languages all add up the people，May also less than 20% of the people studying English。I do my editor，See English translation works usually can also，Small language translation work level is poor。But the somebody else interested to translation good。

　　中国青年报：为什么年轻人不愿意做文学翻译？

China youth daily：Why young people are not willing to do literature translation？

　　余中先：文学翻译稿费低是主要原因。做同声传译的人，一天能收入五六千元甚至上万元，这相当于花几个月时间做文字翻译得到的报酬。严谨的译者翻译一本书要花上一两年，通常只有千字60元的稿费，很少有人能把文学翻译当成人生理想而不计报酬。

First in more than：Literary translation is the main reason for low。Do simultaneous interpretation，A day 56000 yuan even tens of thousands of yuan income，This is equivalent to spend a few months time to do text translation gets rewarded。The rigorous translator translate a book spend one or two years，Usually only words for 60 yuan，Few people can take literary translation as life ideal and no pay。

　　目前文学翻译的学术价值也被低估了。很多大学外语系老师不愿意搞文学翻译，除了钱少，也因为这与他们评职称没有什么关系。搞翻译会耗费大量时间精力，又不能作为一种学术成果被承认，这伤害了他们的积极性。

At present the academic value of literary translation is being underestimated。A lot of university teachers don't like to have foreign literary translation，In addition to less money，Also because of this and they review titles not what relation。Make the translation will spend a lot of time and energy，And not as a kind of academic achievements acknowledged，This hurt their enthusiasm。

　　还有，现在出版速度快，校稿力度往往不够，一些译者担心译稿出错被别人抓住不放，毁了自己的名誉。于是，他们就不愿意从事文学翻译工作。那些“丢过脸”的译者，就更不愿意再翻译了。而口译不同，很少有人会翻录音查口译者的错误。

and，Now published speed，The draft dynamics often enough，Some worry that the translation the translator is wrong on the others，Ruined his reputation。so，They do not want to be in literary translation work。Those who“Lost face”Translator of the，More don't want to translate。And different interpretation，Few people will turn the recording check interpreter mistake。

　　中国青年报：在您看来，为什么一些出版社重速度不重质量？

China youth daily：In your opinion，Why do some press heavy speed not heavy quality？

　　余中先：翻译出版现状是一流的选题、二流的翻译、三流的编辑。在国外畅销或获奖的书，出版界马上就注意到了，但译本却不一定好。因为要出一本外国图书，先要向外国作者付较高的版税，出版社就不愿意多给译者稿酬了。选定某个选题以后，出版社为了赶在最有利于销售的时机推出图书，必须抓时间抢速度，就找来多人翻译。这样一来，译稿在遣词、选句、文笔风格、前后统一方面都会有不协调的问题，难免出错。很多出版社又缺乏懂外语的编辑人员，不少译稿并没有经过严格校对就出版了。这样出来的书质量可想而知。

First in more than：Translated and published the status quo is the first-class theme、Second-rate translation、Third-rate editor。Sell very well abroad or awards in the book，Publishers immediately noticed，But version are not necessarily good。Because want out a foreign books，The author first to foreign countries pay higher royalties，Press will not be willing to give the translator book。Select a topic selection after，Press in order to catch in the most beneficial to the timing of the sale launch books，Must grasp time rob speed，Seek to many people translation。so，Version is the teachers、Choose words、Writing style、Unity and will not harmonious，Hard to avoid mistakes。A lot of press and the lack of speak the language of editors，Many of the translation and not pass strict proofreading is published。So out of the book quality cans be imagined。

　　另外一个问题是，因为中国市场很大，出版社觉得哪些书好卖就跟风翻译，比如雨果、大仲马的作品一再重复翻译，这是一种浪费，依我看有四五个译本就够了，现在有十五六个译本，读者摸不着头脑，不知道哪个译本好。

Another problem is，Because Chinese market is very large，Press think what book may sell will follow suit translation，Such as Hugo、DaZhongMa work repeatedly translation，This is a kind of waste，In my opinion about four or five version will be enough，Now have ShiWuLiuGe translation，Readers at sea，Don't know which version。

翻译人才需要扎实的中外语言功底，了解作品的社会背景 Translation talents need solid Chinese and foreign language skills，Understand the social background of the works

　　中国青年报：以现在的状况看，我国会出现像林纾与王寿昌合译的《巴黎茶花女遗事》、刘辽逸翻译的《战争与和平》那样有影响力的译著吗？

China youth daily：In the present situation look，Our country will appear like Lin shu WangShouChang and w《Paris tian la traviate》、Liao liu escape of translation《War and peace》So influential translation？

　　余中先：不好说。一方面，不同社会时期人们的需求不同。很多文学译著的价值是需要时间沉淀的。比如，剧作家塞缪尔·贝克特的《等待戈多》，如果是在18世纪，人们不会认为它是经典作品，而认为是荒唐的东西。以前中国社会发展很平缓，根本意识不到什么叫做“等待戈多”，现在突然发现城市堵车了，我们居然毫无办法，大家都在等待，才对《等待戈多》产生了共鸣。

First in more than：Bad to say。On the one hand，Different people have different needs of society period。Many literary translation is the worth of the precipitation takes time。For example，Playwright Samuel beckett《Waiting for godot》，If it was in the 18 th century，People don't think it is classic，And that is ridiculous things。China's social development is very gentle before，Haven't realized what is called“Waiting for godot”，Now suddenly found that the city was stuck in traffic，We actually have no way to，Everyone was waiting for，to《Waiting for godot》Up resonance。

　　另一方面，现在是消费社会，文化产品极大丰富，很多人崇尚娱乐，觉得书籍能给自己带来快乐就可以了。不像我们年轻时，人们对文化产品特别饥渴，拿一本书就要读透，一本好的译著在当时会产生相当大的影响力。现在可能会有一本译著让人觉得特别好玩而广受欢迎，但出现能够感动和震撼社会的作品尚待时日。

On the other hand，It is a consumer society now，Cultural abundance，Many people admire the entertainment，Think books can bring you happiness。Don't like we are young，People of cultural products especially hunger，Take a book to read through，A good translation in at that time will generate a big influence。Now may have a translation let a person feel special fun and popular，But there can be moved and shock of social work is yet to be time。

　　中国青年报：您认为出版一本好译著需要具备哪些条件？

China youth daily：Do you think that the publishing a good translation which requires conditions？

　　余中先：总的来看，一本译著能否获得很高的评价，跟原著本身和译者的翻译水平都有关系。翻译人才需要有扎实的中外语言功底，此外还要对自己的工作和所译作品有兴趣，有热情。在翻译某部作品时，译者要了解其社会背景，忠于作者的文字风格。比如，翻译法国小说家巴尔扎克的作品，就要充分了解19世纪资本主义社会的状况，和巴尔扎克犀利、批判的文风。最后，还要有时间的保证、出版社团队的协作，好译著才能出来。

First in more than：In general，A translation can get high evaluation，With the translator translating level of itself and have relations。Translation talents need to have solid Chinese and foreign language skills，In addition to work on its own and the translated works are interested in，Have a passion。In a translation works，The translator must understand its social background，Loyal to the author's text style。For example，French novelist Balzac's works translation，To fully understand the 19 th century capitalist social conditions，And Balzac sharp、Critical style。finally，Have assurance of time、Press team collaboration，Good translation to come out。

翻译协会、作协、文联等组织应注重对翻译人才的培养 Translation association、worked、Federation of translation should pay great attention to the organization and personnel training

　　中国青年报：对于解决目前翻译人才缺乏的问题，您有什么建议？

China youth daily：To solve the problem of the lack of translation talents，What do you suggest？

　　余中先：培养翻译人才是一个系统工程。我认为，文学翻译应当专业化。尤其是小语种，大学外语系应当增加人文社科类的课程，培养学生对于文学的兴趣，而不是只注重培养学生对语言本身的掌握。

First in more than：Training translators is a system engineering。I think，Literature translation should be professional。Especially small language，University shall be increased to the department of human SheKeLei course，Cultivating students' interest in literature，And not only pays attention to the cultivation of students' language itself of mastery。

　　对于那些真正有兴趣从事文学翻译工作，并且已经有一定经验的人，翻译协会、作协、文联等组织可以进行着重培养。以前，我参与过跟法国使馆合作的一个培训项目，就是给中国35岁以下，有过翻译经验的译者开讲座培训，他们的译稿经专家修改后再发表。虽然这些工作影响有限，但它能起一个带头作用，给上进的译者一个提升的机会。另外，出版社应该提高稿费。让译者获得与劳动相应的报酬是对人才的尊重。

For those who really interested in the literature translation work，And have a certain experience，Translation association、worked、Federation to focus on training and organization。before，I participated in the cooperation with the French embassy a training program，China is under the age of 35，Have experience in translation the translator of the lecture training，Their translation via expert modified published again。Although these work limited influence，But it can play a leadership role，To advance the translator a chance of promotion。In addition，Press should improve the payment。Let the translator gain and labor paid for is to talented person's respect。

　　中国青年报：著名语言学家、文学家季羡林，曾多次呼吁设立国家翻译奖。国家应该怎样创造一个有利于文学翻译人才成长的环境呢？

China youth daily：Famous linguist、Astronomers JiXianLin，Many times called for establishing a national translation award。Countries should how to create a conducive to literary translation talents growing environment？

　　余中先：文学翻译成果的价值应当得到肯定。一方面，国家应当多设立有力度的翻译奖，并保证评委的水平。即使奖金不多，这份荣誉能让译者得到肯定和鼓励。另一方面，在当前的职称体系下，国家应当允许翻译成果与教师评职评优挂钩，以提高高校教师的翻译积极性。

First in more than：The value of literary translation results should be sure。On the one hand，The state shall set up a more the strength of the translation award，And to ensure that the level of the judges。Even if little bonus，This honor can let the translator to be recognized and encouragement。On the other hand，In the current title system，The state shall allow results with the teacher as the translation author hooks，In order to improve the translation of college teachers enthusiasm。

　　法国有些经验值得借鉴。法国重视“文化输出”，但不是简单地推出好书并组织翻译，而是让翻译者和出版者自由选择，哪些书值得翻译并推介到国外，法国相关机构再对这些作品作出评估。其中，有文化和学术价值，但出版发行困难的作品，相关机构就给予资助和扶持，而对畅销书则一般不会资助，这部分由出版社彻底走市场路线。

France some experience is worth using for reference。The French attention“Culture output”，But not simple to launch a good book and organize the translation，But let the translator and the publisher free choice，What book is worth translation, and sold to foreign countries，France again to these works related institutions to make an assessment。Among them，There is culture and academic value，But published difficult work，Related institutions to give aid and support，And for bestseller is commonly will not aid，This part of the market by the press completely go route。

　　中国青年报：请您给青少年推荐几本优秀的文学翻译作品吧。

China youth daily：Please you recommend something good for the teenagers of literature translation work it。

　　余中先：我推荐傅雷译的《约翰·克利斯多夫》，还有周克希译的《包法利夫人》，马振骋译的《蒙田散文集》，我自己译的奈瓦尔的《火的女儿》。这些都可以看一看。（记者 周易 王聪聪）

First in more than：I recommend FuLeiYi《John Chris Randolph》，And ZhouKeXi of translation《BaoFaLi lady》，MaZhen better translation《Michel DE montaigne essays》，My own translation of heligan in Nigeria《Fire daughter》。These can all take a look。（Reporter WangCongCong book）