清代郎世宁《塞宴四事图》描绘的摔跤比赛（局部，北京故宫博物院藏） The qing dynasty lang shining《Plug feast four things figure》Describe a wrestling match（local，Beijing Palace Museum collection） 东汉马技竞赛图（山东沂南出土） The eastern han dynasty technology race horse figure（Incorporated in shandong province unearthed）

　　世界各国往往都会重奖奥运金牌的获得者，奖金、奖品一点都不会少。

The countries all over the world will often desperate Olympic gold winner，bonus、The prize nothing less。

　　作为具有体育和健身传统的国家，在奖励优秀体育选手方面，古代中国也不小气……

As with sports and fitness traditional country，In the reward excellent sports players，Ancient China also not mean……

　　

1 发“票子”，元武宗赐“银千两、钞四百锭” 1 hair“ticket”，Yuan WuZongCi“Two hundred silver、Bank note four hundred pounds”

　　给获胜选手发奖金，即发“票子”，是现代最普遍的奖励手段，中国古代也是这样。比较大方的要数元朝，而且发的是真正的“票子”。

Players to win bonus，Namely hair“ticket”，Is the most common means of modern reward，Ancient Chinese also is such。Easier to several of the yuan dynasty，And the hair is real“ticket”。

　　蒙古民族尤其喜欢摔跤这项运动，获胜者奖金多多。据《元史·武宗本纪二》载，至大三年（1310年）四月，元武宗海山便给摔跤牛人阿尔发奖金，赐“银千两、钞四百锭”。

Mongolian especially like wrestling the sport，The winners prize is great。According to《Yuan history · WuZong annals two》load，Three years to（1310 years）April，Yuan WuZongHai mountain gave wrestling cattle man alfa bonus，give“Two hundred silver、Bank note four hundred pounds”。

　　元代一两大约相当40克，千两就是40000克，以眼下国际银价每克约5.50元的行情来算，千两银子值22万元人民币。

The yuan dynasty about quite a two 40 grams，Two hundred is 40000 grams，With the international silver price of 5.50 yuan per gram about market to calculate，Two hundred silver value is 220000 yuan RMB。

　　中国是世界上最早使用纸币的国家，“钞”便是古代成熟的纸币。当时，四百锭钞票等于2000贯，相当于千两银子（1两银约等于2贯）。银钞相加，阿尔获得的奖励相当于44万元人民币了。

China is the world's earliest use of notes country，“Bank note”Is the ancient mature notes。At that time，Four hundred pieces of money is equal to 2000 penetration，The equivalent of two hundred silver（1 two silver about equal to 2 penetration）。Silver bills together，Al, awards is equivalent to 440000 yuan RMB。

　　元英宗硕德八剌曾于至治元年（1321年）“赐角牴百二十人钞各千贯”，虽比阿尔获得的奖金少很多，但这些优胜的摔跤手每人也获得了500两银子。

YuanYing ZongShuoDe eight spine had to put to first year in（1321 years）“Give people the 120 contradictory Angle up thousands of bank note”，Although than al won prize a lot less，But these targeted wrestlers and each received 500 two silver。

　　满族对冰上运动（即“冰嬉”）情有独钟，乾隆皇帝《冰嬉赋序》中称之为“国俗”。清代每年都举办国家级的冰上运动比赛，称为“验冰”。

The manchu to ice movement（namely“Ice a”）Has a special liking，Emperor qianlong《Ice millennium fu sequence》Called in“The national customs”。Every year the qing dynasty held national sport on the ice，called“Check ice”。

　　据《清朝文献通考》载，验冰获胜者，“头等三名赏银十两，二等三名赏银八两，三等三名赏银六两，其余兵丁各赏银四两。”

According to《The qing dynasty literature TongKao》load，Check ice winners，“Top three to admire the kingdom，Second class three to admire the silver and eight two，Three classes of three to admire the silver six two，The rest of the silver four soldiers to admire the two。”

　　

2 赏“银杯”，北魏孝武帝用银酒卮当奖品 2 to admire the“cup”，The northern wei dynasty emperor wudi filial piety with silver wine as a prize 3

　　现代体育比赛的胜出者，常常称为“捧杯”，在中国古代还真有拿杯子当奖品的。北魏是南北朝时鲜卑人在北方建立的政权，鲜卑人崇尚骑射，射箭在北魏很受重视，宫廷、民间都常会举行这方面的比赛。

Modern sports game winners，Often called“Lifting the”，In ancient China have really took the cup when the prize。The northern wei dynasty is in the north of the northern and southern dynasties xianbei people when a regime，QiShe xianbei people admire，In the northern wei dynasty very valued archery，palace、Folk are often held in this game。

　　据《北史·魏宗诸室列传》记载，北魏孝武帝元脩便曾在洛阳都城御花园的华林园内举行过一次射箭比赛，即所谓“戏射”。当时的奖品是一只能盛二升酒的“银酒卮”。

According to《North WeiZong · the room from history》records，The northern wei dynasty emperor wudi will have a discovery yuan xiao in luoyang city of shenyang imperial garden park held an archery competition，called“Play shoot”。At the time of the prize is a can only put two liters of wine“Silver wine could”。

　　“卮”是古人常用的盛酒器皿，实际就是一只超大酒杯，其外形竟与现代体育奖杯十分相似。

“could”The common wine vessels，The actual is a large glass，Its appearance and modern sports trophies that is very similar。

　　当时，参赛的有十几个射箭高手，孝武帝令人将银酒卮挂在百步开外，谁射中这银酒卮就是谁的。结果濮阳王元顺射中了，除独得了“奖杯”外，还获孝武帝额外奖励的黄金、绸缎等钱物。

At that time，The entry of a dozen archery player，Xiao wu is will hang in the silver wine could step away，Who shot the silver wine is who could。The results WangYuanShun shot，In addition to only have“trophy”outside，Was the emperor of the filial piety bonus gold、Silk fabrics, money。

　　得此重奖后，元顺很开心，特在当时射中的箭孔处铸一小银人，并在小银人的背上铭文，记叙他高超的射箭技术。

After seizing the，Yuan shun very happy，At that time, the arrow shot a hole in XiaoYin casting，And in XiaoYin people back inscriptions，Narrative of his superb archery technology。

　　宋太宗赵炅也曾拿杯子奖励过选手。据《宋史·嘉礼志四》记载，淳化三年（992年）三月，赵炅到金明池视察，观看“竞渡之戏”。所谓“竞渡之戏”，就是龙舟大赛或游泳比赛这类水上赛事。

Song emperor zhao wishes had also holding a cup rewards a player。According to《On sung history · jia ritual four volunteers》records，ChunHua three years（992 years）march，Zhao wishes to JinMingChi inspection，watch“Of JingDu play”。The so-called“Of JingDu play”，Is the dragon boat contest or swimming this kind of water events。

　　出于助兴和考验选手水性的需要，赵炅将一只银瓯当奖品，远远地扔进水里，让选手泅渡取之。此银瓯是一种银质杯子（一说是小盆），谁拿到归谁，真成了“奖杯”。

Out of drinking water and test the needs of the player，Zhao wishes will be a silver ou when the prize，Throw far into the water，Let's take QiuDu。The silver ou is a silver cups（A little pot is），Who get to who，Really became“trophy”。

　　

3 夺“锦标”，北宋流行的体育比赛规则 3 take“trophy”，The northern song dynasty popular sports game rules

　　现代不少体育赛事冠名为“锦标赛”，这在古代其实是一种悬赏性比赛，它与中国古人用锦标作奖品有关。锦标的雏形是商周时射箭比赛的奖品旌旗，而后来则广泛使用在水上运动和水军训练上。

Modern many sports events named“championship”，This in ancient times are in fact a reward for sex game，It and ancient Chinese for the prize with the title。The title is when the prototype of the shang archery contest prize a standard，And later, widely used in the water sports and saw the training。

　　唐代龙舟赛中，在水中插一长竿作比赛终点，竿上悬锦挂彩，作为醒目标志，称之为“锦标”或“彩标”，谁先争夺到锦标便是谁赢。诗人白居易《和春探》诗中就描述过当时“锦标赛”的情形：“齐桡争渡处，一匹锦标斜。”

The tang dynasty in the dragon，In the water with a long pole for the end game，Rod on dangerous brocade on the court，As striking sign，called“trophy”or“Colour standard”，Who first to compete for the title is who wins。The poet bai juyi《Van nung agent》Poetry is described in at that time“championship”situation：“JiRao crossing place for，A horse trophy inclined。”

　　北宋初年，为了统一全国、收复南唐，朝廷针对南方作战特点，大练水军。赵匡胤特在东京汴梁城（今开封）外挖了一处很大的人工湖“金明池”，供操练水军和皇家举办水上活动用。

Early northern song dynasty，For unity the、Recover practice，Court battle in southern characteristics，Practice very big。ZhaoKuangYin in Tokyo, BianLiang city（Today kaifeng）The dug a big place of artificial lake“JinMingChi”，For practice, and the royal saw the water activities held in。

　　为了刺激大家的训练热情，便让双方“争标”，并演变成一种赛制。这时，锦标不单单是旗子了，竿上还悬挂着银杯银碗银盎一类贵重物，作为胜者奖品。

In order to stimulate the training of everybody enthusiasm，Will let both sides“For standard”，And evolved into a format。At this time，Trophy is not only the flags，The rod is to hang a silver cup bowl the precious things，As the winner of the prize。

　　北宋朝廷每年都定期在金明池定期举办龙舟争标赛，皇帝还亲临观赏比赛。据《东京梦华录》“驾幸临水殿观争标锡宴”所记，比赛中对阵双方“鸣鼓并进”，龙舟向标杆快速前行。

The northern song dynasty court every year regularly held in JinMingChi dragon boat for the label，The emperor also visit ornamental game。According to《Tokyo recorded dates》“In the view of the house for good water mark tin feast”written，In the game against both sides“Drum sound in”，The dragon boat to fast forward benchmarking。

　　标杆是临时设的，由军人乘小船，将标杆插在皇帝看台前方不远处的水里。上面挂着锦旗和银盎（鼓肚盆罐），轮番三次，锦标终于被其中一队夺得。

Benchmarking is a temporary，The soldiers took a boat，Will the benchmarking inserted in the emperor of the water far ahead stands。Hanging above involved and the silver（Drum belly basin can），Take turns to three times，Trophy was finally won a team of among them。

　　

4 赐“金牌”，金太祖重奖摔跤选手 4 give“Gold medal”，Gold TaiZu handsomely wrestling player

　　奥运会等众多的体育赛事，往往取成绩最好的前三名，分一二三等，进行奖励。在古代中国的体育赛事中，也常常如此取名次，元代的“贵由赤”比赛便是这样。

The Olympic Games of many sports events，Often take the best result of the first three，Points two third，incentives。In ancient China's sports events，Also often so named times，The yuan dynasty“Your by red”Game is so。

　　“贵由赤”是蒙古语对“快行者”的叫法，所谓“贵由赤”，相当于现代马拉松比赛，但赛程更长，达90公里。元世祖忽必烈时，从至元二十四年（1287年）开始举办“贵由赤”比赛，即所谓“放脚”活动。

“Your by red”Mongolian is to“Quick walker”Way of describing，The so-called“Your by red”，Equivalent to modern marathon，But race longer，Up to 90 miles (kilometers)。YuanShiZu when Kublai Khan，From to yuan twenty-four years（1287 years）Began to hold“Your by red”game，called“Foot rest”activities。

　　比赛只取前三名，其余选手不记名次，但也有奖励。元杨瑀的《山居新语》“皇朝贵由赤”记载：“头名者赏银一锭，第二名赏缎子四表里，第三名赏二表里，余者各一表里。”第一名发给奖金，其他名次都是物质奖励。“一表里”就是一套服装的里外布料。

Only take the top three games，The rest of the players don't registered times，But there are also rewards。Yuan Yang Yu of《At new》“Dynasty by red your”records：“The top to admire the silver mina，The second name four list reward satin，The third to admire the second list，The list each one。”The first issue bonus，Other places are material reward。“A list”Is a set of clothes inside of the cloth。

　　奥运会的一二三名，分别以金牌、银牌、铜牌来奖励。“金牌选手”是对优秀体育健儿的最美称呼。在中国古代，也有给选手发金牌的时候，但此金牌非彼金牌。

The 123 Olympic Games，Respectively to the gold medal、silver、Bronze to reward。“Gold medalist”Is the best athletes called the most beautiful。In ancient China，Also have to give players hair when gold medal，But the gold medal and the gold medal。

　　据《金史·奔睹传》记载，金太祖完颜阿骨打从摔跤手挑选自己的侍卫时，便举行了摔跤比赛，当时年仅15岁的奔睹（完颜昂）连续摔倒了6名对手胜出。完颜阿骨打一高兴，奖赐了他一块金牌，让他佩戴身上。

According to《JinShi · BenDu preach》records，Gold TaiZu WanYanAGuDa from wrestlers select his own the guards，He held a wrestling match，At that time only 15 years old BenDu（Finish the）Continuous down six opponents win。WanYanAGuDa a happy，Award given him a piece of gold MEDALS，# image_start # ht。

　　与奥运金牌不同，奔睹所获的金牌，是块金质通行证，凭此可直接出入皇帝的居住和视政之所，乃身份的象征，比奥运会金牌的“含金量”更高。

The Olympic gold medal and different，BenDu won the gold medal，Pass is the piece of gold，By this can be directly in and out of the living and the emperor on the government，Is the symbol of status，Than the Olympic gold medal“value”higher。

　　

5 奖“官位”，唐僖宗赛马球任命节度使 5 award“post”，TangXiZong horse racing ball secretariat appointed

　　在所有的奖励中，中国古代对体育选手诱惑最大的大概是“官位”。这与现代体育名人从政还不一样，在比赛中取胜了，很可能直接捞个官当当。

Of all the rewards，Ancient China sports player is probably the biggest temptation“post”。This and the modern sports celebrities in politics is not the same，In the match，Very likely to be directly out of a officer dangdang。

　　唐僖宗李儇曾将重要军区的司令员西川节度使一职作为马球比赛的“奖品”。据《资治通鉴·唐纪六十九》载，当时李儇意中有四名候选人适合当这个官，他一时拿不定主意，便让四名候选人进行一场马球比赛，赢者任职。

TangXiZong lee Xuan had important military area commands XiChuan as commander of the secretariat as polo matches“prizes”。According to《ZiZhiTongJian · TangJi sixty-nine》load，At that time Xuan li fix have four candidates for when the officer，For a moment he had no idea，Then let four candidates for a polo match，Winning office。

　　结果，卖饼出身、时为左金吾大将军的陈敬瑄是位马球高手，赢了比赛，当上西川节度使。

The results，Sells bread was born、For the general ZuoJinWu when ChenJingXuan is a polo player，Won the game，When XiChuan on secretariat。

　　南宋时，摔跤高手除了获得奖品外，还能得到“当官”奖励。据吴自牧撰《梦粱录》“角觝”记载，南宋有专用于摔跤比赛的场地露台，故时人称摔跤比赛为“露台争交”。

In southern song dynasty，Wrestling ace in addition to get prize outside，Can get“officer”reward。Mr Wu self writes《Dream beams to record》“Angle 觝”records，The southern song dynasty to have special in wrestling competition venues balcony，So when a wrestling match for said“Gazebo in for”。

　　吴自牧生活时代，最精彩的摔跤比赛当数护国寺南高峰的露台争交，参加选手就是各省（州郡）的摔跤高手。这种赛事，奖品特别丰厚，如头等奖的奖品便有旗帐、银杯、彩缎、锦袄、官会、马匹等，而最有面子的奖品是当官。

Wu self life time，The most wonderful wrestling matches when several south terrace peak temple participated in the dispute，Attend player is all the provinces（State county）Wrestling ace。This event，Prizes special rich，As the first prize award will have flag the bill、cup、Color satin、Jin ao、Official can、Horses etc，And the most face prize, officer。

　　宋理宗赵昀景定年间，一位名叫韩福的温州人在比赛中取得头名，除了拿到丰厚奖品外，权臣贾似道还奖给他一个“军佐”的职位。

Pope JingDing years ZhaoYun idealist philosophy，A man named HanFu of the wenzhou people in their race，In addition to get rich award outside，QuanChen JiaShiDao also he was awarded a“Army with”position。

　　奖“官位”的例子在古代中国并不少见。元武宗海山在大德十一年（1307年），就曾奖给摔跤高手、拱卫直都指挥使马谋沙“平章政事”一职，此职位仅次于丞相。宋徽宗时代的高俅，也是因为球踢得好当上宰相的。（倪方六）

award“post”Examples in ancient China is not rare。Yuan WuZongHai mountain in dade（1307 years），Was the prize to wrestling player、GongWei straight all that MaMou sand command“Flat politics chapter”As a，This position is second only to the prime minister。Gradually the high Qiu era，But also because the ball played good when the prime minister on。（NiFang six）