本研倒挂的趋势愈演愈烈 This research trend of down intensified

　　“好不容易考上这所大学的研究生，结果发现研究生竟然比本科生多。”在某重点高校就读的研究生张燕欣告诉记者，她当年高考时未能考上这所学校，考研后方如愿以偿，但入学后却发现校园里的情况与她想象中的大相径庭，“研究生太多了，出去还没有这个学校的本科生‘值钱’。”

“Very not easy admitted to the university graduate student，The results found that more than undergraduate students graduate student unexpectedly。”In a key universities graduate study at ZhangYanXin told reporters，When she was admitted to the university entrance exam to school，One's deceased father grind the rear satisfied，But after admission and found that the campus with her imaginary vary widely，“Graduate student too much，The school is not out of the undergraduates‘worth’。”

　　事实上，张燕欣的困惑并非孤例，据悉，在部分重点高校，在校研究生数量已经多于本科生，“本研倒挂”的趋势愈演愈烈。

In fact，ZhangYanXin confusion is not isolated cases，It is reported，In some key universities，College graduate student Numbers have more than undergraduates，“This research hangs upside down”Trend intensified。

　　据记者了解，目前，清华大学本科生与硕士生比例为0.94:1。2011年，北京大学录取本科生与硕士生的比例为1.06:1。两所中国顶尖高校的本研比例已经近似一比一，如果将博士生计入研究生总数的话，那么两所高校的研究生数量已经远超本科生，以清华大学为例，如果计算上博士生数量，本科生与研究生比例为0.61:1，研究生比本科生多近一半。而硕士生一般是两年或三年制，而本科生则是四年制，如果把两者总数分别除以年级数量的话，同届生的本研比例将更加惊人。南京大学今年毕业了3283名本科生、2726名硕士生和682名博士生。如果把硕士生和博士生加起来，南大今年共毕业研究生3408人，比本科生多125人。东北大学今年毕业的研究生比本科生多308人。

According to the reporter understands，At present，Tsinghua university undergraduate and master's ratio is 0.94:1。2011 years，Admitted to Beijing university undergraduate and master of the ratio of 1.06 :1。Two of the China's top universities this research of the approximate proportion has a better than one，If the doctoral included in the total number of graduate students said，So two universities graduate student has gone far beyond the number of undergraduates，With tsinghua university as an example，If the number of doctoral student calculation，Undergraduate and graduate student ratio is 0.61:1，Graduate students more than undergraduates nearly half。And the master general is two or three years，And undergraduate is four years，If the two are divided by the total number of words grade，The research was born with this proportion will be even more astonishing。Nanjing university graduation this year 3283 undergraduates、2726 master's and 682 doctoral student。If the master's and doctoral add，South of the graduate 3408 people this year，More than 125 undergraduate students。The northeast university this year of graduate school than undergraduate 308 people。

　　部分重点高校研究生数量超过本科生的背后，是近十年研究生的飞速扩招。2000年时，我国共毕业研究生54838人，而2010年我国共招收研究生538177人。十年间研究生数量变成过去的十倍之多。但与此同时，许多高校尤其是重点高校的本科生招生人数增幅较小，甚至长年维持稳定不变。

Part of the key universities of the quantity of graduate students more than undergraduates behind，Is nearly 10 years of rapid expansion graduate students。In 2000，The graduate of 54838 people in China，And in 2010, 538177 people were recruited graduate students。Ten years the number of graduate students be the past ten times as many。But at the same time，Many college especially key universities increase in the number of undergraduate admissions small，Even years to maintain constant。

　　有业内人士表示，本科生阶段招生涉及高考、户籍、农转非、档案和干部身份等诸多问题，加之近年来部分省市高考考生数量出现增幅缓慢甚至下降的趋势，所以本科生扩招幅度已经不大，个别高校个别专业甚至面临“招不够”的局面。在部分重点大学研究生招生增幅明显而本科生增幅缓慢的情况下，本研比例日益缩小，最终呈现倒挂现象。

The personage inside course of study expresses，Undergraduate enrollment stage involving the university entrance exam、Census register、urbanized、Archives and cadre identity, and many other problems，And in recent years some provinces and cities and the university entrance exam examinee quantity appeared slow or downward trend growth，So undergraduate enrollment is already small range，Individual college individual professional even face“Recruit enough”situation。In some key university of graduate student recruit students a dramatic rise and slow growth of undergraduates，This research scale shrinking，Eventually present hangs upside down phenomenon。

考研与招研的“两头热” One's deceased father grind and recruit the research“Two head hot”

　　本研比例倒挂，与高校硕士点的增加不无关系。对于高校而言，增设硕士点，不仅可以提高学校自身的地位，也会为院系带来更多的科研经费，同时为高校教师带来不菲益处，这也促使高校热衷于申请新的硕士点。仅2010年一年，全国各地各高校就增设硕士点(专业)1431个(不同工程领域分开计算)。

This research scale hangs upside down，The increase of the master's degree program in colleges and universities is relationship。For university is concerned，Master degree to add，Not only can improve the school's own position，Will bring more scientific research for college funding，At the same time for university teachers' bring benefits does not poor，It also encourages universities keen to apply for new master's degree programs。In 2010 alone，All over the country each college will add master's degree programs(professional)1431(Different engineering field calculated separately)。

　　而本研比例倒挂不只出现在重点高校的学生数量上，也体现在全国研究生招生机构的数目上，目前研究生的招生机构总数已经超过本科生招生机构。2012年，全国共有中央部委属本科院校108所，地方属院校633所(不含独立学院、民办高校和专业院校)，而当年全国共有研究生招生机构797个，超过本科院校56个之多。在797个研究生招生机构中，有普通高校481所，科研机构316所。与发达国家相比，美国只有不到四分之一的本科院校拥有博士生招生资格，而我国有超过四成的本科院校可以招收博士生。

But this research not only appear in proportion hangs upside down the number of the students in colleges，Also reflect in the national of graduate student recruit students on the number of institutions，At present the graduate student enrollment institutions toll is more than the undergraduate students institutions。2012 years，China had central ministries of 108 universities and colleges of undergraduate course，Local 633 of colleges and universities(Contains no independent institute、Private universities and professional institutes)，And that year's total of graduate student recruit students 797 institutions，More than the undergraduate course colleges and universities 56。In 797 of graduate student recruit students of institutions，Have the ordinary university 481，Scientific research institutions in 316。Compared with the developed countries，The United States had less than a quarter of the undergraduate course colleges and universities have doctoral student enrollment qualification，And our country has more than forty percent of the undergraduate course colleges and universities can recruit doctor。

　　“有了硕士点，那么教师就有可能通过评审，成为硕士生导师，这样不论是评职称还是出去讲课都获益匪浅，是不是硕导或博导，出去的待遇很不一样。”在北京一市属高校从事教研工作的马先生向记者表示，“高考报名时，很多家长也看中学校硕士点多寡，因为硕士点多的话，本科生被本校保研的概率也就大了。很多学生在高考时就已把目标锁定到研究生阶段，因为本科学历很难找工作，就业难是促使考研大军日渐庞大的主因之一。”据统计，全国报考2012年硕士研究生的人数为165.6万人，考研规模连续三年以超过10万人的速度增加，而2000年时全国考研人数仅为39.2万人。

“A master's degree program，So teachers may through the review，Be master tutor，So whether the title or go out all the lectures，Tutors or is formerly，Out of the treatment were very different。”A Beijing college in Beijing in the research work of Mr. Ma told reporters，“When signing up the university entrance exam，Many parents also saw how school master's degree program，Because many words are master's degree program，By the research of the undergraduates probability is great。Many students in the university entrance exam had been target to graduate stages，For bachelor degree was hard to find work，The difficult employment is to promote one's deceased father grind is one of the main reason of the huge army。”According to the statistics，Enter oneself for an examination the graduate student of 2012, a total of 1.656 million people，One's deceased father grind for three years with the scale of more than 100000 people speed increase，In 2000 the number of one's deceased father grind only for 392000 people。

　　而一些能够提供户口的“体制内”单位，招聘的起点文凭往往是研究生，而这也使得许多非本地生源本科生被迫加入考研大军。“在报辅导班的学生比例上，京外生源远远多于京内生源。”在海淀区的一家考研辅导学校，报名人员如是告诉记者，“本地生源不用担心户口，所以并无太多考研动力，想继续深造的大多选择出国。”

And some can provide registered permanent residence“System of”unit，The starting point of the recruitment is often graduate diploma，And it also makes much of the local matriculate undergraduate forced into one's deceased father grind force。“The proportion of students who in the remedial class，The other students in far more than the students' resources。”In the haidian district of grind a tutorial school，So the researchers told reporters，“Local students don't have to worry about registered permanent residence，So without much one's deceased father grind and power，Want to continue their education of mostly choose to go abroad。”

　　尽管部分重点高校的本研比例出现倒挂，但根据教育部的数据，从全国范围看，本科生与研究生数量仍有很大差距。有专家表示，出现这样情况的原因“在于硕士点分配并不平均，尽管京沪等发达地区高校出现硕士生井喷现象，但中西部地区的地方高校却鲜有硕士点。而这也造成了本科毕业生‘一江春水向东考’的现状，因为发达省份高校招硕士生较多”。

Although part of the key universities of this research scale down there，But according to the ministry of education figures，From see nationwide，Undergraduate and graduate student is still a big gap between the number。Experts say，The reasons for such a“Master's degree program is not an average distribution，Although the beijing-shanghai and other developed in the institutions of higher learning in the master in blowout phenomenon，But the local colleges and universities in the Midwest are rarely master's degree programs。And this also caused the undergraduate course graduate‘A river XiangDongKao peep’Present situation of，Because college recruit master's more developed provinces”。

　　以2012年为例，有269555名考生报考在京研究生招生单位，北京一座城市吸纳了全国报名考生的16.3%，有10.79万人报考上海市的研究生招生单位，另有15.3万人报考江苏省的研究生招生单位，京沪苏三省市共计吸纳了全国三成以上的考生。

In 2012, for example，269555 candidates to enter oneself for an examination of graduate student recruit students unit in Beijing，Beijing a city receives the application of the examinee 16.3%，There are 107900 people enter oneself for an examination the graduate student of recruit students unit，Another 153000 people enter oneself for an examination of jiangsu province of graduate student recruit students unit，The beijing-shanghai Susan provinces and cities across the country in absorbing the more than thirty percent of the candidates。

教学与培养均难过质量关 Teaching and training are sad quality

　　“我的导师是学院的副院长，除了行政工作之外，平时坐着飞机到处讲课，一节课就能挣很多钱，我能在学校见着他一面已经是‘幸事’，更别说什么学业上的指导了。”在重点高校读文科的朱同学告诉记者。而对于部分理工科教授而言，多招学生就可以多一些廉价的“工作助理”。在西南地区一高校读研的唐洁向记者坦言，她每天的“学习”就是帮“老板”(导师)做各种实验，连放暑假也不例外，实在想回家的她为了回北京，只好“先斩后奏”，自己偷偷买了张机票飞回北京后，再打电话向导师请假，“电话那头儿‘老板’很不高兴。”

“My teacher is the vice President of the college，In addition to administrative work outside，Usually sit around the lecture，A lesson will make a lot of money，I can see him in the school side is already‘good’，Don't even say what academic instruction。”In the key universities school of arts classmate read told reporters。And for some in science and engineering professor，Many students can gather some cheap“Assistant work”。In the southwest area of a university to go to graduate school to TangJie reporter said，Her everyday“learning”Is to help“The boss”(mentor)Do all kinds of experiments，Even the summer vacation is no exception，Really want to go home to her back to Beijing，Had to“XianZhanHouZou”，His secretly bought a ticket to fly back to Beijing，Then call the teacher asks for leave，“Telephone the head‘The boss’Not very happy。”

　　在现有教学资源维持不变的情况下，本研比例持续倒挂，不可避免地带来研究生阶段教学质量一定程度的下降，一名教授带十数名甚至更多研究生的情况层出不穷。

In the existing teaching resources remain unchanged，This research proportion continue hangs upside down，Inevitably leads to the postgraduate stage teaching quality the fall of certain level，A professor with a dozen of even more of the graduate students emerge in endlessly。

　　研究生质量下降不仅出现在硕士阶段，同时也在博士阶段显现。据悉，在发达国家，本科生、硕士研究生和博士研究生的比例通常为“25：10：1”，10个硕士生中方能选拔出一个博士。而2010年我国在校博士研究生共计258950人，而在校硕士研究生共计1279466人，博士研究生和硕士研究生比例为1:4.94，远高于国际惯例一倍之多，在个别高校，博士研究生和硕士研究生的比例已经接近1：2。

The decline in the quality not only appear in graduate master stage，At the same time also appeared in the stage of dr。It is reported，In developed countries，undergraduate、Dr master's graduate students and the proportion of graduate students usually“25：10：1”，10 China can master the selected a doctor。And in 2010, Ph.D. Students in the school for a total of 258950 people，And the master graduate student in the school in 1279466，Ph.D. Students and graduate student ratio of 1:4. 94，Far higher than international practice a times over，In some universities，Ph.D. Students and master the proportion of graduate students are close to 1：2。

　　“现在博士生的质量远不如十年前。”一名在教育部属某经济类院校从事招生工作的老师告诉记者。

“Now the quality of doctoral students as much as ten years ago。”A in education subordinate colleges admissions in a economic work teacher told reporters。

　　本研比例倒挂也造成研究生生源质量的降低，考研的难度也相应有所下降。2000年时，全国硕士研究生考录比例为4.6:1，而2011年时这一比例已经降至3:1，并且有加速下降的趋势。

This research also causes proportion hangs upside down in the graduate matriculate quality reduced，One's deceased father grind the difficulty of the corresponding also fell。In 2000，The nation graduate student KaoLu ratio is 4.6:1，In 2011 this ratio had dropped to 3 to 1，And the trend of falling faster。

　　事实上，各大学增设硕士点的一个重要目的是为了“建设研究型大学”，而目前一些机构也以硕士点和博士点的多寡，来判定一个大学是否符合“研究型”。以北京为例，在京的22所“211”院校中，有半数以上将建设“研究型大学”作为自身目标之一。绝大部分理工科和综合学科的在京“211”院校，都宣布将建设“研究型大学”，没有宣布的几乎均为文科院校。更令人瞠目结舌的是，甚至还有在京的地方非“211”二本院校，也将自己定位为“建设研究型大学”。

In fact，The university of master degree to add an important purpose is to“Construction of research university”，And now some of the agencies also master and Ph.D programs to the amount，To determine whether accord with a university“research”。For example Beijing，In the 22“211”In colleges and universities，Half or more will construction“Research university”As one of its goal。Most of the science and engineering and the comprehensive discipline in Beijing“211”colleges，All announced it will construction“Research university”，No announced for almost all colleges of arts。The more a stunning is，Even in Beijing the place“211”2 this academy，Also positioning for“Construction of research university”。

　　那么到底有多少大学的“研究型”为国际所承认的？在京高校中，只有清华大学和北京大学两所是东亚研究型大学协会会员，中国内地的另外三所会员学校分别是复旦大学、南京大学和中国科学技术大学。而由十所高校组成的国际研究型大学联盟中，中国仅有北大一家入选。国际上有的名校全校研究生总数，尚不及某些国内大学一届研究生毕业生人数。国内大学急功近利冲上“研究型”，却在本研倒挂的情况下形同“跛脚”。

So how many of the university“research”For international recognized？In the colleges and universities in the，Only the tsinghua university and Peking University two is east Asia research university association members，The mainland of China's three other members of the school were fudan university、Nanjing university and university of science and technology of China。And ten universities by an international research universities in the league，Peking University in China, with a。International school graduate school some total，Some domestic university was still less than the number of graduates graduate students。Domestic university on the quick“research”，But in this research is under the condition of the float“lame”。

　　学者钱钟认为，大家都一窝蜂追求升级，专科拼命想升本科，本科拼命想建研究型大学，一下子出炉这么多高学历人才，社会消化不了，只会加剧就业难题。如果降低层次用才，又势必造成教育资源浪费。全社会学历层次的提升是好事，但是人才培养失调就是坏事了。

Scholars QianZhong think，Everyone pursuit flocking to upgrade，Specialized subject to want to rise undergraduate course，Undergraduate desperately want to build research university，Suddenly come so many highly educated talents，Social couldn't digest，Employment problem that will only intensify。If the lower level utilization，And it will be bound to cause the education resources waste。The social education level of ascension is a good thing，But the talent training disorder is a bad thing。

　　“以为研究生数量少，好找工作，但现在发现好学校的研究生比本科生多，出去以后反而更难找工作。”了解到今年同门就业不如意的状况后，张燕欣忧心忡忡地说。（记者 赵昂）

“Think less quantity of graduate students，Good job，But now find a good school graduate students more than undergraduates，After go out but it more difficult to find work。”To understand the status of the stuff this year full employment，ZhangYanXin apprehension said。（Reporter ZhaoAng）