两起标志性案件 The two landmark case

　　事实上，学生不服学校处理决定，通过司法途径来寻求维护自身权益的做法近年来并不多见。

In fact，Not the decision school students，Through the judicial way to seek to maintain their own rights and interests of the practice in recent years does not see more。

　　第一起标志性案件出现在1999年，是北京科技大学学生田永起诉母校拒绝颁发毕业证、学位证行政诉讼案。

The first landmark case appear together in 1999，Beijing science and technology university students is TianYong Sue refused to issue diploma Alma mater、Degree administrative lawsuit。

　　当时出任田永委托人的是北京国浩律师事务所的孙雅申。他告诉中国青年报记者，事情的缘起是，1996年2月，北科大学生田永在参加电磁学课程补考时，随身携带了写有电磁学公式的纸条。他中途去厕所时，纸条掉在了门口，被监考教师发现。“监考教师虽然没有发现田永有偷看纸条的行为，但却停止了田永的考试”。

As the principal at the time TianYong is Beijing guohao lawyer office of SunYaShen。He told the China youth daily reporter，It is the origin of，February 1996，BeiKeDa TianYong students in the electromagnetism course when make-up examination，Carry the have notes written electromagnetism formula。He half-way to the toilet，Note fell on the door，Be after the teacher found。“After the teacher though not found TianYong have peep note of behavior，But stopped TianYong exam”。

　　北科大随后认定田永的行为是考试作弊，对田永按退学处理。不过，田永一直留在学校学习直至毕业。1998年6月，田永毕业时，北科大以其不具有学籍为由，拒绝为其颁发毕业证。

BeiKeDa then TianYong behavior that is cheating in exams，According to drop out of TianYong processing。but，TianYong stay at school until graduation。June 1998，TianYong graduation，With its status as BeiKeDa has no grounds，Refused to issue diploma。

　　起诉至法院后，孙雅申说，北京海淀区人民法院对此案判得非常高明，当时教育部还没有出台《普通高等学校学生管理规定》，也没对学生申辩的权利作出明确规定，但法官在判决书中表示：“按退学处理，涉及到被处理者的受教育权利，从充分保障当事人权益的原则出发，作出处理决定的单位应当将该处理决定直接向被处理者本人宣布、送达，允许被处理者本人提出申辩意见。北京科技大学没有照此原则办理，忽视当事人的申辩权利，这样的行政管理行为不具有合法性。”

After sued to the court，The sun ShenShui，Beijing's haidian district people's court sentenced to the case very clever，At that time the ministry of education has not come《Common higher school students management regulations》，Nothing to students in court the right to make specific provision，But the judge in its judgement said：“According to drop out from school processing，Related to be processed by the education of those rights，From fully guarantee the rights and interests of the parties on principle，The decision to deal with the processing unit shall be decided by the directly to deal with I announce、served，To allow the proposed deal with my opinion arguing。Beijing university of science and technology according to the principles of the no，Ignore the right to defend，Such administrative management behavior not is legal。”

　　海淀法院同时认为北科大对田永处分过重，因此判决北科大给田永颁发大学本科毕业证书，并且要求北科大召集本校学位评定委员会对田永的学士学位资格进行审核。

Haidian court at the same time that BeiKeDa to TianYong sanctions are overweight，So BeiKeDa decision to TianYong issue diploma of university undergraduate course，BeiKeDa called and asked the academic degree evaluation committee to TianYong bachelor's degree qualification audit。

　　相比北科大的这起诉讼，同年刘燕文诉北京大学案更为轰动。

The BeiKeDa compared the lawsuit，In the same year LiuYanWen v. Beijing university case more a sensation。

　　刘燕文是北京大学无线电电子学系博士生，毕业时，其博士论文《超短脉冲激光驱动的大电流密度的光电阴极的研究》全票通过了答辩，并通过了系学位委员会的审查。然而，校学位委员会审查时，16名学位评定委员的表决结果是6票赞成、7票反对、3票弃权。北大因此只给刘燕文颁发了结业证书。

LiuYanWen is Beijing university radio electronic, doctor，graduation，The Ph.D. Thesis《Super short pulse laser driver's big current density of optoelectronic cathode research》Approved the defense，And through the academic degrees committee of the review。however，The school degree examination committee，The academic degree evaluation committee's 16 vote is six votes、7 votes against、3 abstentions。Peking University therefore only to LiuYanWen issued the graduation certificate。

　　刘燕文对此特别不服气，因为校级学术委员会的专家来自各个学科，有些根本不懂他的论文，判他不过，等于是让外行决定了自己的学术水平。再加上北大在处理程序上出现的种种问题，1999年9月24日，刘燕文向北京市海淀区人民法院提起行政诉讼，状告北京大学及北京大学学位评定委员会，要求北京大学为其颁发博士研究生毕业证书，并要求校学位委员会在合理的时间内对其申请重新评议并作出决定。

This special LiuYanWen defy spirit，Because the academic committee of experts from different disciplines，Some don't understand his papers，Convicted him but，Let dilettante and determine your own academic level。Plus Peking University in processing program that appeared on the various problems，On September 24, 1999，LiuYanWen to Beijing's haidian district people's court administrative litigation，Against the Beijing university academic degree evaluation committee and Beijing university，Demand for the Beijing university graduate certificate issued by dr，And ask the school degree committee within a reasonable period of time to the petition for a new appraisal and decide。

　　海淀区人民法院一审判决北大败诉，认为校学位委员会作出的决定未经其全体成员过半数通过，违反了《中华人民共和国学位条例》规定的法定程序。同时，校学位委员会在作出决定前，未听取刘燕文的申辩意见，在作出决定后，没有将决定向刘燕文实际送达，从而影响了他向有关部门提出申诉或提起诉讼权利的行使。

Haidian district people's court verdict against at Peking University，Think school degree commission to make a decision without its by more than half of all the members，Violates the《Degree regulations of the People's Republic of China》The legal procedures provisions。At the same time，The school degree committee before making a decision，Not to listen to the opinion LiuYanWen argued，When the decision，Not to LiuYanWen actual service will decide，Thus influenced his appeal to the relevant departments or litigation rights。

　　法院据此判决，“北京大学学位评定委员会应当对是否批准授予刘燕文博士学位的决议，依法定程序审查后重新作出决定”。

Court judgment on，“Beijing university academic degree evaluation committee shall be approved by LiuYanWen whether the resolution of the doctor's degree，The procedures for examination according to law to make a decision after”。

　　北京大学法学院教授湛中乐参与了此案的辩护，并且在案件审理中就此发表了长达数万字的论文。他告诉中国青年报记者：“经由这个案件所引起的广泛而热烈的思考和讨论，远远超出了案件本身，直接和深刻地触及了我国高等教育制度的方方面面。”

Beijing university law school professor of music Zhan involved in the defense of the case，And in this case, published a paper of tens of thousands of words。He told the China youth daily reporter：“Through this case caused by the extensive and warm thinking and discussed，Far beyond the case itself，Direct and deeply touched on our country's higher education system in every aspect。”

　　他说，刘燕文诉北京大学案中，争执的一个焦点也是程序问题。“程序的保障在实体权利的保障中扮演着重要的角色，但当时我国教育领域的法律、法规在程序方面的规定都比较简略和粗糙，且偏重于管理而忽略相对方的权利救济，如学校作出处理前没听取申辩，作出处理后也不送达处理决定等。”

He said，LiuYanWen lawsuit case of Beijing university，The dispute is also a focus program problem。“The security program at the physical right safeguard plays an important role，But at the time in the field of education in our country law、Regulations in the provisions of procedure are brief and rough，And stress to the management and oversight of the opposite party right remedy，Such as school before make a decision not to listen to defend，Make a decision after the decision service, etc。”

　　湛中乐当时就提出：“应当在教育行政管理领域中引入更严密的程序规则，包括听证程序规则势在必行。它一方面有利于保障学生的权利，另一方面，就长远而言，也有利于学校管理的顺利进行。”

Music was put forward in Zhan：“The education administrative management field should be introduced in a more rigorous program rules，Including hearing procedure rules is imperative。On one hand it is conducive to ensuring the rights of the students，On the other hand，Longer term is，Also help the school management smoothly。”