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《中国民生发展报告》发布 教育期待差异在哪?--亲稳舆论引导监测室
2012-08-14
北京大学中国社会科学调查中心2012《中国民生发展报告》日前发布并出版。报告源于该中心“中国家庭动态跟踪调查”所得的数据。中国家庭动态跟踪调查旨在通过跟踪收集个体、家庭、社区三个层次的数据,反映中国社会、经济、人口、教育和健康的变迁,为学术研究和公众政策分析提供数据基础。该调查样本覆盖全国25个省市区,家庭总样本16000户。2011年对上述家户和青少年、儿童样本进行了跟踪调查。以下内容来自该报告第四部分内容《青少年教育》。
Beijing university China social science research center 2012《China minsheng development report》To released for publication。The report comes from the center“China family dynamic tracking survey”Data from the。China family dynamic tracking survey aims to track the collected individual、family、Community three levels of data,Reflects the social、economic、population、Education and health changes,For the academic research and public policy analysis provides the data base。This sample cover the country 25 provinces,Family total sample of 16000。2011 years of the above family and teenagers、Children's sample tracking survey。The following content from the report fourth part《Youth education》。
家庭对女孩的教育投入要大于对男孩的教育投入(广东除外),课外辅导和家教成家庭教育支出最大部分
The education of girls in the family for the boy's education than input(Guangdong except),Extracurricular counselling and ChengGuTing education spending most of the family education
据统计,家庭对女孩的教育投入要大于对男孩的教育投入,除广东外,其他省份的女孩教育支出均要高于男孩。这可能与当代家庭抚养的文化心理(如“女孩要富养”)有一定的关系,同时也是独生子女政策的一个可预见的后效,即女性在资源竞争中的劣势由于该政策而得到逆转,尤其是在城市中产阶级家庭中。
According to the statistics,The education of girls in the family for the boy's education than input,In addition to the guangdong,Other provinces education spending is higher than all girl boy。This may and contemporary family raise cultural psychology(if“The girl to a rich”)There is a certain relationship,At the same time is also the one-child policy a predictable lagged,That women's disadvantages competition for resources in because the policy and to be reversed,Especially in the urban middle class families。
表一 全国及五省市分性别的家庭教育年支出(单位:元) Watch a national and five provinces and cities of family education, gender points spending(unit:yuan)
地区 男 女 均值 样本量
Male female in the mean sample size
全国 1595.0 1640.5 1616.4 5796
The national 1595.0 1640.5 1616.4 5796
辽宁 2914.9 3125.3 3016.6 477
Liaoning 2914.9 3125.3 3016.6 477
上海 4669.9 5264.5 4949.9 351
Shanghai 4669.9 5264.5 4949.9 351
河南 1124.9 1269.4 1189.9 1316
Henan 1124.9 1269.4 1189.9 1316
广东 1447.3 1391.3 1420.8 1097
Guangdong 1447.3 1391.3 1420.8 1097
甘肃 611.1 677.0 624.0 1234
Gansu 611.1 677.0 624.0 1234
在家庭教育支出的结构构成上,东部地区家庭和中部地区家庭在支出结构上基本相似,最大支出为课外辅导与家教支出,而西部地区家庭教育支出中最大的一项则为其他支出。
In the family education expenditure structure formation,The eastern region family and central regions in spending on basic family structure similar,The biggest expenditure for extracurricular counselling and family education spending,And the western region family education spending is one of the largest for other spending。
表二 分区域的教育支出结构数据(单位:元/%) Table 2 points of education expenditure structure area data(unit:Yuan / %)
开支项 东部 中部 西部 全国
A Middle East west national expenditure
金额 百分比 金额 百分比 金额 百分比 金额 百分比
Amount percentage amount percentage amount percentage amount percentage
教材和参考书 170.5 16.8 159.5 16.8 111.9 22.9 148.5 17.9
Teaching materials and reference books 170.5 16.8 159.5 16.8 111.9 22.9 148.5 17.9
课外书 92 9.1 87.7 9.2 47.5 9.7 76.7 9.2
92 9.1 87.7 9.2 47.5 kinds of extra readings 9.7 76.7 9.2
课外辅导 296.9 29.3 296.9 31.2 58.8 12 223.8 27
296.9 29.3 296.9 extracurricular counseling 31.2 58.8 223.8 December 27
住宿 68.3 6.7 69.5 7.3 46.6 9.5 62.1 7.5
68.3 6.7 69.5 7.3 46.6 accommodation 9.5 62.1 7.5
交通 89.9 8.9 95.4 10.0 49.2 10.1 79.4 9.6
89.9 8.9 95.4 10.0 49.2 traffic 10.1 79.4 9.6
择校 137.8 13.6 80.5 8.5 36.8 7.5 85.8 10.3
137.8 13.6 80.5 8.5 36.8 dispossessed 7.5 85.8 10.3
其他 158.1 15.6 161.1 16.9 137.6 28.2 152.9 18.4
158.1 15.6 161.1 16.9 137.6 other 28.2 152.9 18.4
总计 1013.5 100.0 950.6 100.0 488.4 .100.0 829.2 100.0
1013.5 100.0 950.6 100.0 in 488.4 100.0 829.2 100.0
全国有89.5%的孩子参加辅导班 The national 89.5% of children for the remedial class
表三 分区域的样本少儿参加辅导班情况(单位:%/小时)
Table 3 points of children attend remedial class area samples(unit:% / hour)
区域 参加 没参加 合计 周平均用时 标准差 样本量
Area to total didn't attend an average week only standard deviation sample size
东部 87.9 12.1 100.0(2016) 9.4 9.9 210
The eastern 87.9 12.1 100.0(2016) 9.4 9.9 210
中部 86.3 13.7 100.0(1680) 10.6 12.0 274
The central 86.3 13.7 100.0(1680) 10.6 12.0 274
西部 95.2 4.8 100.0(5451) 8.0 12.1 81
The western 95.2 4.8 100.0(5451) 8.0 12.1 81
全国 89.5 10.5 100.0(1755) 9.8 11.3 565
The national 89.5 10.5 100.0(1755) 9.8 11.3 565
表四 分性别的样本少儿参加辅导班情况(单位:%/小时)
Watch four points of children attend remedial class gender samples(unit:% / hour)
性别 参加 没参加 合计 周平均用时 标准差 样本量
Gender in total didn't attend an average week only standard deviation sample size
男 9.3 90.7 100.0(2892) 10.4 11.6 476
Male 9.3 90.7 100.0(2892) 10.4 11.6 476
女 11.8 88.2 100.0(2559) 9.8 11.2 545
Female 11.8 88.2 100.0(2559) 9.8 11.2 545
统计显示,全国有89.5%的孩子参加辅导班(包括家教),平均每周用时为9.8小时。西部地区样本少儿参加辅导班的比例最高,达95.2%,但周平均用时却是最少的,仅为每周8.0小时。中部地区样本少儿参加辅导班的比例最低,为86.3%,但周平均用时却是最多的,为每周10.6小时。女性样本少儿相比男性样本少儿更多地参加辅导班(差距为2.5个百分点),但男性样本少儿的周平均用时(10.4小时)多于女性样本少儿(9.8小时)。
Statistics show that,The national 89.5% of children for the remedial class(Including tutor),Only for 9.8 hours a week on the average。The western area of the class in the children's sample the highest ratio,95.2%,But weeks when the average is at least,Only 8.0 hours a week。The central region of the class in the children's sample the lowest share,86.3%,But weeks is the most used when the average,For 10.6 hours a week。Women than men samples of the children's sample children take part in more remedial class(Gap to 2.5%),But the men of the week when average sample children(10.4 hours)More than women samples of the children's(9.8 hours)。
八成父母希望孩子读到本科,而只有四成孩子有同样的期待 Parents hope that the child read eighty percent undergraduate course,And only forty percent of children have the same expectations
对孩子将来从事什么样的职业,父母和孩子有着不同的期待。调查显示,父母更期望孩子从事有固定收入的平凡职业和受人尊敬的职业,最不希望孩子选择得到人们高度评价的职业和自谋职业。而儿童则期待是为社会服务的职业、受人尊敬的职业。
In the future to children in what kind of career,Parents and children have different expectations。survey,Parents expect more children have fixed income in the ordinary occupation and respected profession,Most don't want children choose to get people speak highly of professional and seek oneself profession。While children are looking forward to is the professional service to the society、Respected profession。
表五 分性别的少儿对自己未来的教育期待(单位:%)
Watch five points of children's gender for your future education looking forward to(unit:%)
性别 小学 初中 高中 大专 本科 硕士 博士 不必读书 合计
Gender elementary school junior high college undergraduate course, dr don't have to read a master's total
男 3.3 12.0 25.8 8.8 38.3 3.1 8.0 0.8 100(1200)
3.3 12.0 25.8 8.8 38.3 men 3.1 8.0 0.8 100(1200)
女 2.3 7.5 22.3 9.8 47.3 4.8 5.3 0.7 100(1100)
2.3 7.5 22.3 9.8 47.3 women 4.8 5.3 0.7 100(1100)
合计 4.0 9.8 24.2 9.3 42.6 3.9 6.7 0.7 100(2310)
4.0 9.8 24.2 9.3 42.6 total 3.9 6.7 0.7 100(2310)
从全国范围看,接近八成的父母希望孩子读到本科以上,其中本科为53.3%,博士达到了21.0%,表明了中国父母对孩子高学历的期待。其他学历水平的比例相差不大,只有0.9%的父母分为孩子不必读书。分性别来看,女孩父母希望孩子读到本科及以上的比例低于男孩,特别是希望女孩读到博士的比例18.8%和男孩父母选择的比例23.0%存在较大差距。这说明,我国存在对男性高学历的偏好。
From see nationwide,Close to eighty percent of the parents want children to read undergraduate or above,One undergraduate course is 53.3%,Doctor to 21.0%,Show that the Chinese the parents and children of the high expectations。Other education level of proportion are not significant,Only 0.9% of parents are divided into children don't have to read。Points gender,The girl's parents hope that the child read undergraduate course and the proportion of the above below boy,Especially hope girl read the proportion of dr. 18.8% and boy parents choose there is a big gap between the proportion of 23.0%。This shows that,Our country the existence of male highly educated preferences。
表六 分少儿性别的父母对孩子未来的教育期待(单位:%)
Table 6 minutes and children's gender of the parents and children education look forward to the future(unit:%)
性别 小学 初中 高中 大专 本科 硕士 博士 不必读书 合计
Gender elementary school junior high college undergraduate course, dr don't have to read a master's total
男 4.0 2.4 7.3 5.6 53.6 3.5 23.0 0.6 100(1288)
4.0 2.4 7.3 5.6 53.6 men 3.5 23.0 0.6 100(1288)
女 3.9 3.6 6.2 7.8 53.0 5.4 18.8 1.3 100(1105)
3.9 3.6 6.2 7.8 53.0 women 5.4 18.8 1.3 100(1105)
合计 4.0 3.0 6.8 6.6 53.3 4.4 21.0 0.9 100(2393)
4.0 3.0 6.8 6.6 53.3 total 4.4 21.0 0.9 100(2393)
从样本少儿对自己未来的教育期待来看,他们希望自己读到本科的比例最高,达到了42.6%,希望读到高中的次之,为24.2%,选择其他受教育程度的比例差别不大。和父母的教育期待相比,孩子对自己教育水平的期待明显更低。分性别来看,女孩对自己未来的教育期待要高于男孩,主要表现在希望读到本科的女孩比例(47.3%)远高于希望读到本科的男孩比例(38.3%)。比较发现,表现在教育期待上的性别差异,父母一代和孩子一代正好相反。(陈敏燕)
Children from samples for your future education expect to see,They wish to read to the highest percentage of undergraduate course,Up to 42.6% of the,Wish to read to high school take second place,24.2%,Choose other education degree by the proportion of the difference。And parents' education than expected,The level of education for their children to significantly lower。Points gender,The girl for your future education expect to be higher than boys,Mainly displayed in the hope that the girl read undergraduate course proportion(47.3%)Far higher than hope read undergraduate course boy proportion(38.3%)。comparison,Performance in education looking forward to gender differences in,Parents generation and children generation just the opposite。(ChenMinYan)
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