职业教育助瑞士全球竞争力第一

Vocational education help Switzerland first global competitiveness

　　——瑞士成功发展职业教育对我国的启示

The development of vocational education-Swiss success to our enlightenment

　　记者近日获悉，根据世界经济论坛国际竞争力报告，瑞士全球竞争力第一，世界品牌占有量第一。

Recently, reporters learned that，According to the world economic BBS international competitiveness report，Switzerland's global competitiveness first，The world brand occupancy of the first。

　　瑞士为何能取得这样的成就？据专家介绍，瑞士的主要资产是教育，其职业教育和培训制度为其综合竞争力和经济繁荣作出了重要贡献，非常值得我国借鉴。

Why can get the Swiss accomplishments？According to expert introduction，Switzerland's main asset is education，The vocational education and training system for its comprehensive competitive power and economic prosperity has made an important contribution，Very worth reference。

　　职业教育促进和保障瑞士青年就业 Vocational education to promote and protect the Swiss youth employment

　　2009年，瑞士在经合组织国家中青年失业率最低，只有7%。这与瑞士历来有重视职业教育的传统有关。目前，瑞士每年超过三分之二的初中毕业生进入中等职业学校。90%至95%的中等职业学校毕业生直接就业。

2009 years，The Swiss in the oecd countries young and middle-aged unemployment rate lowest，Only 7%。This and Switzerland has always pay attention to professional education of the traditional。At present，Switzerland every year more than two-thirds of junior high school graduates to the secondary vocational school。90% to 95% of the secondary vocational school graduates direct employment。

　　瑞士职业教育和培训包括中职学校和高职学院两种。中职学校学制为3至4年，学生毕业后获得联邦职业教育和培训毕业证与职业资格证书，并有资格进入高职学院。毕业生还可通过一年预备课程学习，取得联邦职业会考资格后，进入大学深造。瑞士职业教育和培训由联邦和州政府以及行业组织共同负责管理。联邦专业教育和技术办公室负责战略管理和开发，包括职业教育和培训体系质量保障和开发、课程设置、考试规则和核心教材认证、推动创新等。州政府职业教育和培训办公室负责实施和监督，包括监督学徒培训、职业学校和教材开发、职业指导等。行业组织负责制定、修改职业培训及考试标准、内容等；受政府委托为职业资格考试和技能考核出题，协助组织考试；组织实施本行业培训等。

Swiss professional education and training including secondary school and higher vocational college two kinds。Secondary school consists of three to four years，Students after school education and training for federal professional diploma and occupational qualification certificates，And have the right to enter higher vocational college。Graduates can also be through a year course for learning，Get the federal occupational qualification examination，To go to college。Swiss professional education and training by the federal and state governments and industry groups jointly responsible for management。The federal professional education and technology office is responsible for the strategic management and development，Vocational education and training system including the quality guarantee and development、curriculum、Examination rules and core materials authentication、Promote innovation。Vocational education and training state office is responsible for the implementation and supervision，Including supervision and apprentice training、Vocational schools and teaching material development、Vocational guidance for。Industry group is responsible for the formulation、Modify vocational training and examination standard、content；Authorized by the governments for the professional qualification examination and the questions on the skill examination，Assist in organizing the exam；Implement the industry training, etc。

　　瑞士中职学校经费由政府和企业以及学生分摊。政府负担59%，行业协会、企业和学生负担41%。州政府承担政府经费的75%。

Swiss secondary school funds by government and enterprise and the students' contribution。The burden of government by 59%，Industry association、Enterprise and burden to students 41%。The state undertakes the government funds of 75%。