暑期，高职高专秋季教材市场的发行大战正如火如荼，而在一家大型出版社担任发行人的罗女士却表示：“高职高专教材出版发行市场乱象丛生，我不想干这个行业了。”

summer，Higher vocational teaching material of the market fall issue war was in full swing，And in a large press as an issuer of ROM lady but said：“Higher vocational teaching materials published market in a mess，I don't want to do the business。”

　　全国高职高专在校生约为1000万人，每名在校生的教材开支平均每年在300元左右，以此计算，全国高职高专教材出版发行市场的份额为30亿元左右。

The students in higher vocational colleges is about 10 million people，Every name of students teaching material per year on average spending in 300 yuan，This calculation，The national vocational teaching materials published market share for 3 billion yuan。

　　“面对这样一个巨大的市场蛋糕，由于准入门槛低，把关人角色缺位，导致各路出版商群起而攻之，各种显性、隐性规则大行其道，山寨版教材频繁现身，坑害的是学生家长的钱包与孩子的前途，鼓起的是部分高职高专老师与出版商的腰包。”业内人士说。

“In the face of such a huge market cake，Due to the low barriers to entry，Gatekeeper roles vacancy，Cause the publishers' and the attack，All kinds of dominant、Hidden rules are popular，Frequent fortress versions appeared，The parents of the students is once the wallet with the child's future，Summon up is part of the higher vocational teachers and publisher's wallet。”The personage inside course of study says。

　　近日，罗女士和其他几位出版人向中国青年报记者透露了高职高专教材出版发行市场上的种种“猫儿腻”。

recently，ROM. Ladies and other several publishers to the China youth daily reporter revealed that higher vocational teaching material publication of the market“MaoErNi”。

　　出版商像“药贩子”，不择手段推销教材

Publishers like“Drug traffickers”，Sell at teaching materials

　　高职高专教材出版发行市场是伴随高等职业教育改革和发展而兴起的，与本科教育和中等职业教育教材相比，起点较低，基础较弱，但发展速度很快。据《2009全国大中专教材数据分析报告》与《新华书店大中专教材目录》统计，165家出版社中品种增长最快的是高职高专教材，从2004年的9629个品种增至2009年的35572个品种，增幅为269.43%。

Higher vocational teaching materials published market higher vocational education is associated with the reform and development of arisen，And undergraduate course education and secondary vocational education than teaching materials，Low starting point，Foundation is weak，But the development speed。According to《2009 the national college teaching material data analysis report》and《Xinhua bookstore college teaching material directory》statistics，165 house press in the fastest growing varieties is higher vocational teaching materials，From 2004 in 9629 to $2009 in a variety of 35572 varieties，269.43%。

　　在2008年以前，高职高专及其老师编写、出版教材的愿望不是很强烈，主要以个性化校本教材为主。后来，发现编写教材不仅可以赚钱，还可以用于高职高专教学改革与专业建设项目的申报、验收，高职高专及其老师编著、出版教材的激情一下子被点燃了。

In the 2008 years ago，Higher vocational and teacher preparation、The desire of the textbooks is not very strong，Mainly personalized school-based materials。later，Found not only can make money edits teaching materials，Can also be used for higher vocational teaching reform and professional construction projects to declare、acceptance，Higher vocational colleges, and the teacher、The passion of the textbooks is lit up at once。

　　从校本教材，到公共课的大学语文、数学、计算机，再到专业课、实践课教材，每编著出版一本教材，在一所高职高专就有几千本的销售量。

From the teaching material，To common class of the college Chinese、mathematics、computer，To professional class、Practice class teaching material，Each published, a textbook，In a vocational have thousands of the sales。

　　为将这些利润收入囊中，出版商不惜使用高额回扣等各种手段招揽业务。湖南一所高职学院院长曾痛斥出版商像“药贩子”，每天不择手段地推销教材。一位在山东中部地区一所高职学院担任计算机课的老师也表示：“现在很多出版社采用各种招数让学校用书，只要用他们的书想做什么都行。”

For these profits income bursa，Publishers do with a high of means rebates solicit business。Hunan a higher vocational college dean had denounced as publishers“Drug traffickers”，At every day to sell materials。A central region in shandong a higher vocational college as a computer class teacher also said：“Now a lot of press used various way let schools' book，As long as they want to do with the book anything。”

　　据知情人士向中国青年报记者透露，高职高专教材出版发行市场这股“毒流”始于某铁道出版社销书返点的做法。紧接着，北京某理工出版社、大连某理工出版社迅速跟进，很快，蔓延祸害至全行业。

According to people familiar with the China youth daily said to reporters，Higher vocational teaching materials published the market“Poison flow”Began in a railway publishing house pin to the practice of some books。And then，Beijing institute of technology of a press、Dalian institute of technology of a quick follow-up press，soon，Spread to the scourge of industry。

　　知情人士给中国青年报记者讲述了一件“圈子”里的事情：江苏一所高职学院的老师正在编写一本教材，南京某大学出版社、中国某冶金出版社、中国某传媒出版社、中国某海洋出版社都不约而同地找到这位编者公关。你开30%的版税，我开37%的版税，他开38%的版税，层层加码互不相让。最终，这位编者电话告知先前约定的一家出版社编辑说：“我不能与你合作出版了，我们要利益最大化。”

People familiar with the China youth daily to the reporters about a“circle”Things in the：Jiangsu a vocational college teacher are writing a textbook，Nanjing some university press、China some metallurgy press、China some media press、China ocean press tend to a find the editor public relations。You open 30% royalty，I open 37% royalty，He open 38% royalty，Layer upon layer pyramid eyeball over。finally，The editor had agreed a phone to press the editor says：“I can't work with you published，We want to maximize profit。”

　　据罗女士透露，部分高职高专在接待出版社过程中，都会列出一张表格，上面详细记录了各家出版社出版教材有没有“科研经费”返点。哪家出版社有，哪家就具有优先入选权；哪家出版社给得高，就与哪家出版社合作出版，大家心知肚明。

Arjen robben said ms，Part of the higher vocational colleges in the reception press process，Can make a form，It detailed record his publishing textbooks is there“Research fund”Return point。Which press have，Which has the right of priority in；A press to have to high，With a press published cooperation，Everyone knew。

　　更有甚者，内蒙古一所高职学院打电话直接询问罗女士：“你们提不提供‘科研经费’？”当罗女士问“教材出版与‘科研经费’有什么关系？”对方反问：“你们是不是出版社，这种规矩都不知道！”

What is more，Inner Mongolia a vocational college call ask ROM lady directly：“You can't provide‘Research fund’？”When ROM woman asked“Publications and‘Research fund’What is the relationship between the？”Ask each other：“If you press，The rules don't know！”

　　山寨教材横行，出版商与学校老师得利

Teaching material across the fortress，Publishers and runs a school teacher

　　某出版社负责人回忆说，在2000年～2002年第一轮“教育部高职高专规划教材”中，教育部统一制定教学基本要求和专业大类培养规格标准，统一组织编写，统一审定出版。可在2002年～2010年第二轮教材规划建设中，绝大多数是作者本人自主申报选题、专家评审通过选题、作者自主编写出版的模式，给予作者和出版社很大的自由空间。

A press chief recalls said，In 2000 and 2002 in the first round“The ministry of education for teaching in higher vocational colleges”in，The ministry of education teaching basic requirements and unified professional types of cultivating specification standards，Unified organization write，Unified authorized publication。But in 2002 to 2010 in the second round in the construction of teaching material planning，Most is the author himself independent declare theme、Expert evaluation through the theme、The authors write mode of independent publication，Give the author and press a lot of free space。

　　这本是件好事，但在具体实施的过程中，不少无资质的出版社却纷纷闯进高职高专教材出版发行市场，并利用任课老师希望通过出版教材获得职称评定或经济利益的诉求，大肆出版公共基础课程教材、专业课教材，使得高职高专教材市场呈泛滥之势。

This is a good thing，But in the implementation of the process，Many no qualification of the press have been broke into higher vocational teaching materials published market，And the teacher hope through the textbooks get title assess or economic benefit claims，Published by public foundation course materials、Professional class teaching material，Higher vocational teaching material market is that a flood of power。

　　据2007～2009年全国高职高专教材使用情况抽样调查，284所抽样院校使用的名为《高等数学》的教材，出自90家出版社，品种数高达256个。其中江西某高职学院使用3家出版社5个不同品种的《高等数学》。154所抽样院校使用名为《计算机应用基础》的教材，来自63家出版社，达到141个品种。

According to the 2007-2009 national vocational teaching materials use the sample investigation，284 sampling colleges use the name《Higher mathematics》materials，From the 90 house press，A number of varieties as high as 256。Among them a higher vocational college in jiangxi province, use 3 home press five different varieties《Higher mathematics》。154 sampling colleges use called《Computer application base》materials，From 63 house press，Up to 141 varieties。

　　这种情况不仅存在于高职高专的公共基础课程教材上，白炽化的市场竞争迫使出版社采用短、平、快的策略转战出版专业基础课程与专业技能课程教材。

This kind of situation exists not only in higher vocational public foundation course teaching material，The market competition forced incandescent press short、flat、Fast moving strategy published the basis of professional course and professional skills course teaching material。

　　“管理学基础”是财经专业大类的基础课程。在上述抽样调查中，123所高职高专就使用了45家不同出版社出版的《管理学基础》教材。旅游专业大类的招生数在高职高专19个专业大类中不算多，但对2010年秋季《新华书店大中专教材目录》中旅游类教材的统计发现，全国有46家出版社系列出版高职高专旅游类专业教材，版本之多已经远远超出了专业教材个性化的合理需要。

“Management foundation”Is financial professional basic course of categories。In the above sampling investigation，123 vocational using the 45 different publishing house《Management foundation》Teaching material。Tourism professional types include the higher vocational 19 in professional series isn't much，But for fall 2010《Xinhua bookstore college teaching material directory》Tourism in the statistics found that such textbooks，The forty-six press published series of higher vocational tourism professional teaching materials，Versions have far beyond the reasonable needs personalized professional teaching materials。

　　本报记者随手翻阅了某教育出版社与某科大出版社的《机械制图》，后者内容与前者的雷同率达到70%～80%，价格比前者每册贵20元左右，却被西南地区部分高职院校广为采用。

Our reporter with a education publishing house and looked through a university press《Mechanical drawing》，The latter content and the former similar ratio to 70% ~ 80%，Your price is higher than the former each book 20 yuan，Southwest has been part of the higher vocational colleges widely adopted。

　　据透露，出版社还经常“换皮”出版山寨版教材。某出版社出版一本精品教材后，另一家出版社就会拿着这本教材游说高职高专的老师出书。如果老师表示没有时间、精力编著，出版社自有办法：只要老师保证1000册～2000册的发行量，他们会帮老师编著好，老师只管署名就行。

It's said，Press also often“Change skin”Publishing the stronghold versions。A publishing a quality after teaching materials，Another press will take the book higher vocational teacher lobbying book.。If the teacher said there was no time、Energy,，Press their own way：As long as the teacher assured 1000 copies to the circulation of 2000 copies，They will help teachers) good，The teacher just signed will do。

　　依次击鼓传花，一本教材可以被出版社找到若干所高职高专的教师再出版，只是换一下封面与作者，内容同质化现象严重。例如，某人民出版社出版的一本数学教材，就有六七个不同的封面，令人眼花缭乱。

In playing music ball，A textbook can be found by some vocational college press published the teacher again，Just change the cover and the author，Content homogeneityphenomenon serious。For example，Some people's publishing of a math teaching materials，Just six or seven different cover，dazzling。

　　而出版社则给山寨版教材高定价、低折扣，并用高版税拉拢老师，帮助其销售营利。

And the press is to hold versions high priced、Low discount，With high royalties co-opted the teacher，Help the sales profit。

　　比如，国家对教材出版物的指导价是1.6元～1.8元/印张。一本17个印张的《机械制图》合理价格在27元左右。可有的出版社把同样印张数的《机械制图》教材定价40多元，再以三至四折的价格卖给高职高专，让院校与老师赚取其中五成多的价差，出版社仍然有利可图。以浙江一所高职高专学院为例，他们从北京一家图书公司采购英语教材，仅图书公司返给该校的“科研经费”就达10多万元。

For example，Countries to the teaching material of the publication is guided prices $1.6 ~ 1.8 yuan/transfer。A 17 of the feature《Mechanical drawing》Reasonable price in 27 yuan。But some press the same number of transfer《Mechanical drawing》Teaching material pricing 40 yuan，Again with three to forty percent of the price in higher vocational colleges，Let colleges and earn more than fifty percent of the price，Press still profitable。In zhejiang a higher vocational college as an example，They from Beijing a books purchasing English teaching materials，Only book company return it to the school“Research fund”About 10 more than ten thousand yuan。

　　此外，就是给编著者开高版税。国家规定出版社的版税是码洋的10%。部分出版社为了调动高职高专教授编著、出版教材的积极性，开出码洋的30%～40%作为版税。由此，派生出不少教材编著游击队与小作坊。辽宁某理工出版社在不同城市设有工作室，给所在地高职高专教授提供教材组稿、申请书号、出版印刷、发行回扣等“一条龙”服务。

In addition，Is open to the authors' royalties on high。State regulations on tax is the press 10%。Part of the press in order to mobilize, vocational college professor、The enthusiasm of the textbooks，Open the tax 30% ~ 40% as royalties。this，Many materials derived, and the guerrillas small mill。Liaoning a institute of technology in different cities have studio press，Located in higher vocational colleges to provide materials professor solicitation、Codes for、Print issue、Issue rebates“one-stop”service。

　　最终的结果是，出版社和高职高专院校、教师赚得盆满钵满，而学生拿到手的却是定价高、质量不高的教材，甚至有一些教材别字连篇。

The end result is，Press and higher vocational colleges、Teachers earn piles，And with our students is the high price、Quality is not high teaching materials，Even some teaching materials BieZi verbiage。

　　教材市场出现“劣币驱逐良币”现象

Teaching material market appears“Bad coin out good money”phenomenon

　　据了解，我国《高等教育法》对高等学校给予了自主办学权。高职高专作为高等教育的一部分，同样具有很大的办学自主权与教材选择权。可在现实操作中，高职高专这些权力慢慢被出版商与老师所绑架。质量好、价格低的精品教材被拒之门外，短平快出版、价格高的劣质教材充斥课堂，从而出现“劣币驱逐良币”的现象。

According to understand，Our country《The higher education law》Higher school to give the right to run independently。As higher vocational education part of it，Also has a lot of school-running autonomy and teaching material choice。But in the real operation，Higher vocational these powers being slowly publishers and have been kidnapped by the teacher。Quality good、Low price of first-class teaching materials was shown the door，DuanPingKuai published、The price of the inferior materials with high class，Appear thereby“Bad coin out good money”phenomenon。

　　一位出版人向中国青年报记者介绍，本科教材对编写质量、学术权威的推崇无形中构筑了一个较高的门槛，中职教材长期以来有国家层面强有力的统筹规划和顶层设计，实力不强的出版社难以进入。高职高专教材既无多少权威可言，也缺少规划统筹，几乎成为一个不设门槛的市场。

A publisher to the China youth daily reporter is introduced，Undergraduate teaching material quality to write、The praise highly of academic authority virtually built a higher threshold，Secondary materials have long national level strong overall planning and top design，Strength is not strong press hard to enter。Higher vocational teaching materials have no sense of how much authority，A lack of planning as a whole，Almost became a do not set the threshold of the market。

　　根据有关部门对425所高职高专教材使用情况调查表明，全国500多家出版社中就有400多家向这些院校出版发行教材，大量不具备教材出版资质与经验的出版社涌入高职高专教材市场以后，导致重复建设、质量下滑、无序竞争、低端推广、发行混乱等一系列问题。很多出版社把自己出版的非国家规划教材也冠以“规划”之名，以混淆视听，混水摸鱼。

According to the relevant departments of the higher vocational teaching material use 425 investigation shows，The national home to more than 500 in the press to have many 400 these universities and colleges to published materials，Many textbooks have qualification and experience higher vocational teaching material into the press after the market，Cause repetitive construction、Quality is going、Foreword competition、Low-end promotion、Issued a series of problems chaos。Many press published his non-state for teaching also label“planning”To the name of the，To confuse matters，Fish in troubled waters。

　　“市场经济不排斥竞争，但是呼唤规范、有序、合理的竞争。目前高职高专教材出版发行市场经济利益驱动的乱象，容易导致高职高专及其老师短视化、功利化发展，最终陷入恶性循环，牺牲的将是高职高专学生家长的利益与高职教育的品牌。”罗女士引用一所高职学院院长的话说：“要防火、防盗、防出版商。”

“The market economy is not repel the competition，But call standard、orderly、Reasonable competition。Current higher vocational teaching materials published market driven by the mess，Easy to cause the higher vocational and teacher of shortsighted、Utilitarian development，Finally in a vicious circle，Sacrifice will be vocational students with higher vocational education in the interests of the parents of the brand。”ROM. Lady quoted a vocational, dean of the college of words：“To fire、security、The publishers。”

　　高职高专教材出版要有把关人

Higher vocational teaching material to have published gatekeeper

　　各大出版社竞相通过出版短、平、快品种在高职高专教材出版发行市场“跑马圈地”，导致同类教材出了一轮又一轮。业内人士认为，出现这种乱象的根本原因是，高职高专规划教材建设缺乏顶层设计与系统建构、守门人与把关人缺位，出版准入门槛过低、精品教材数量和结构不合理，缺少教材有关的延伸服务等。

Each big press scrambling to through the publishing short、flat、Fast in higher vocational teaching material variety publishing market“Horse race circle”，Lead to similar teaching material out of the round and round。The personage inside course of study thinks，Appear this kind is the root cause of the mess，Higher vocational teaching material construction planning lack of top design and system construction、The gatekeeper and gatekeeper vacancy，Publishing admittance threshold too low、Fine teaching material quantity and structure is not reasonable，The lack of teaching material extension services, etc。

　　罗女士等相关出版人建议，国家有关部门要客观审视现阶段高职高专教材建设的成就，理性分析高职高专教材建设过程中出现的问题，加强对高职高专教材建设工作的宏观指导和组织领导，积极发挥地方行政主管部门的指导、协调、监督作用，形成国家、省、高职高专三级联动和产教合作、多方参与的教材建设工作机制。

ROM. Such as ms related publishers Suggestions，The relevant departments of the state to objective look at present higher vocational teaching material construction achievements，Higher vocational teaching material construction rational analysis of the problems appeared in the process，To strengthen the construction of teaching material of higher vocational work the macroscopic guide and leadership，Active play to the local administrative department guidance、coordination、Supervision function，Form the state、province、Higher vocational level 3 linkage and production and education cooperation、Many parties are involved teaching material construction work mechanism。

　　国家有关部门在进一步制定和完善高职高专各类公共基础课程教学基本要求、各专业大类基础课程教学基本要求、以及各专业人才培养规格的基础上，应对“十二五”期间高职高专教材规划选题进行顶层设计，形成体系优化、结构合理、层次分明、重点突出的选题指南。

The relevant departments of the state in the further development and improvement of of all kinds of basic public higher vocational teaching basic requirements、Each major categories foundation course teaching basic requirements、And all the professional talent training based on the specifications，Deal with“1025”Higher vocational teaching material topic during planning for top design，Forms the system optimization、Reasonable structure、distinct、The key to highlight topic guide。

　　对于各专业的核心课程教材，应在教育部公布的高职高专规划教材选题指南框架内，鼓励高职高专老师积极申报，由国家有关部门组织专家评审后纳入规划，原则上优先考虑先期已经出版且经过使用反响较好的修订教材选题；有国家或省级教改项目支撑、有研究和建设基础的新编教材选题；数字化配套水平较高、具有良好建设基础的修订或新编教材选题；原先教材建设较薄弱的专业的选题。

For the professional core curriculum，Should be publicized by the ministry of education in higher vocational colleges for teaching guide-lines for the framework，Encourage vocational teacher actively to declare，By relevant state departments organize experts review into planning，In principle, first priority has been published and after use echo good revision teaching material topic selection；A national or provincial teaching reform project support、Have the research and construction of new teaching materials based theme；Digital supporting level to be higher、With good basic construction the revision of the new teaching material or theme；Originally the construction of teaching material are weak professional selection of subject。

　　对于核心课程之外的其他专业技能课程和需要体现地方特色的课程，建议由地方行政主管部门加以规划建设。为避免重复建设，已经由国家有关部门规划的教材选题，原则上不应另行规划。

For other than the core curriculum courses and professional skills need to reflect the characteristics of local course，Proposed by the competent administrative department of place to planning and construction。To avoid duplicate construction，By relevant state departments have the teaching material planning theme，In principle should not be planning。

　　同时，可以根据出版社的综合实力、以往高职高专教材出版业绩、教材编校质量等指标，遴选高职高专教材综合性出版基地和专业性出版基地，作为“十二五”期间高职高专规划教材建设的主要出版单位。对已经出版的所有高职高专规划教材进行评比，从中评出精品教材予以表彰，并对编校质量不合格的教材予以通报并取消其国家规划教材的资格。

At the same time，According to the comprehensive strength of the press、Ever higher vocational teaching material published performance、This teaching material such as quality index，Higher vocational teaching material selection and professional published comprehensive base published base，as“1025”Higher vocational teaching material construction during the planning of the main publishing unit。Published all of vocational college planning materials are comparison，Judge from the first-class teaching materials be commended，And we must not qualified to quality teaching material be informed by and cancel the country for teaching qualification。

　　国家有关部门要不定期对非国家规划的高职高专教材进行质量抽检，并向高职高专公布抽检结果，对于质量保障不力、出版问题频出的出版单位，要列入“黑名单”，建议高职高专不再采用其出版的教材。同时，依法打击出版发行市场各种不正当竞争手段。

The relevant departments of the state on a regular basis or non-state planning the vocational teaching material quality tan30%，And higher vocational announced to check the results，For poor quality guarantee、Publication of the PinChu publishing unit，Include in“blacklist”，Higher vocational advice by its no longer published materials。At the same time，In accordance with the publication of hit the market by means of unfair competition。