农村孩子上学的路有多远？各省制定的《农村义务教育阶段学校办学标准》虽然不尽相同，却大多有这样一句话：“原则上每0.5万人左右设一所完全小学……平原地区小学的服务半径一般不超过2公里（不含寄宿制学校）。”

Rural children how far is the way to go to school？Formulated by the provinces《Rural compulsory education stage school standards》Although not the same，But most have such a word：“In principle, each about 05000 people set up a complete primary school……Plain region, the primary school service radius generally not more than 2 kilometers（Does not contain the boarding school）。”

　　而实际情况又是如何呢？湖南省溆浦县龙潭学校校长彭城说：“我们学校的大部分学生路上需要走1个小时。”记者又询问了一些农村小学负责人，发现情况不是个别的。

But the actual situation is how？Hunan province XuPuXian longtan school principal PengCheng said：“Most of the students in our school have to go the way one hour。”The reporter also asked some of the rural primary school，Found not a other。

　　近日，教育部发布《规范农村义务教育学校布局调整的意见（征求意见稿）》（简称《意见》），严禁随意撤并农村小学，严格规定学生路途时间并提出了相应措施。这些举措能否缩短学生的上学路？记者对此展开了调查。

recently，Issued by the ministry of education《Standard of rural compulsory education school layout adjustment opinion（Draft version of the）》（Referred to《opinion》），It is strictly prohibited to rural elementary school merging at will，Strict rules the way students time and puts forward some corresponding measures。These measures can shorten the students' school road？This reporter launched an investigation。

上学路为何越来越长 School road why more and more long

　　“义务教育是为了保障每一个适龄儿童都能接受教育，上学距离远，儿童体力不支，就会存在安全隐患，间接加大学生流失辍学的可能性。”21世纪教育研究院院长杨东平说。

“Compulsory education is to ensure every school-age children can accept education，School of distance，Children collapses，There is safety hidden trouble，Indirect increase the possibility of loss of students drop out。”The 21st century education research institute President YangDongPing said。

　　但遗憾的是，在过去几年，学生的上学路总显得有些漫长。原因何在？

But it is a pity that，In the past few years，Students' school road always appear some long。why？

　　“农村小学十年减少一半。”在去年底召开的十一届全国人大常委会第二十四次会议上，教育部部长袁贵仁说，“从2000年到2010年十年间，我们的农村小学从55万所减少到26万所。”

“Rural primary school ten years reduced by half。”At the end of last year held the first session of the 11th National People's Congress (NPC) on the 24th meeting，The ministry of education minister yuan guiren indicated said，“From 2000 to 2010，Our rural primary school from 550000 reduced to 260000。”

　　学校数量越来越少，学生的上学路自然就越来越远了。

School number less and less，Students' school road nature is more and more far。

　　专家分析，学校和生源数的减少、家长的需求提高是主要的原因。资料显示，全国6—14岁义务教育阶段学龄人口从2000年的2.05亿减少到2010年的1.58亿，减少了4700多万名学龄儿童；而随着城镇化进程的加快，进城务工人员随迁子女增多，2010年随迁进城读书的义务教育阶段学生约1200万名除了人口自然减少之外，又走了一部分；而家长对高质量教育的需求则在不断提高农村学校的规模小了，老师就少了，家长担心质量难以保证，也导致了学生向城镇学校流动。

Expert analysis，The number of schools and students to reduce、Parents' needs improving is the main reason。Data shows，The 6-14 years compulsory education stage school-age population from 2000 in 205 million to reduce to 2010 in 158 million，A decrease of more than 4700 school-age children；With the acceleration of urbanization process，Migrant workers SuiQian more children，In 2010 the city of reading SuiQian obligation education stage students about 12 million in addition to the natural population to reduce outside，And go a part of；And parents to high quality education needs are constantly improve the countryside school scale small，The teacher is less，Parents worry about quality is difficult to guarantee，Also led to the students to a town school flow。

　　杨东平指出，还有另一种原因导致农村学校越来越少无序的撤并。“特别值得注意的是，许多地方在农村学校布局调整中过分强调规模效益、教育质量；就近入学的概念被极大地模糊和丢弃了。许多地方更提出‘学校进城’的口号，从‘高中进城’发展到‘初中进城’，甚至小学也要进城，在县城建‘教育园区’。学校的集中化程度越来越高，也离农村越来越远。《意见》旗帜鲜明地坚持义务教育就近入学的原则，叫停无序和过度的学校撤并，是非常必要的。”杨东平说。

YangDongPing pointed out that，There is another cause of rural school less and less of the merging of disorder。“Of particular note is，Many places in the layout and adjustment of rural schools emphasize the scale benefit、Education quality；The concept of nearby enter a school is greatly fuzzy and rejected。Many local forward more‘The school into the city’slogan，from‘High school into the city’Development to‘Junior high school into the city’，Even primary school also to the town，Built in the county‘Education park’。The school centralization degree is more and more high，Also from rural more and more far。《opinion》Banner brightly adhere to the compulsory education came near to the entrance of the principle，Stop disordered and excessive school merging，Is very necessary。”YangDongPing said。

农村孩子如何上学 Rural children how to go to school

　　农村小学的孩子们如何上学？“就我们学校来说，大部分学生路途较远，但是目前交通情况还不错，很多家长骑摩托车接送孩子。家庭经济比较困难的，我们让高年级的孩子带低年级的小朋友走。”长期在农村学校工作的彭城这样回答。

Rural primary school children to go to school？“It is our school，Most of the students far journey，But at present the traffic situation is good，Many parents ride a motorcycle shuttle children。Family economic difficult，We let the senior children with younger children go。”Long-term in rural school work PengCheng replied。

　　湖南省炎陵县鲁坑小学校长马安健说：“基层学校资金比较困难，校车条件不好，加上农村路况差，我们建议家离学校近的学生尽量不要乘坐校车。实在有特殊困难的高年级学生，有的会安排寄宿，但大多仍以走读为主。家长不能来接的，我们会让老师陪着孩子们一起走。”

Hunan tianxinli lu pit primary school principals MaAnJian said：“The basic unit school funds more difficult，School bus condition is bad，With the rural poor road conditions，We suggest that home near their school students try not to take the school bus。It is special difficult the senior and junior students，Some will arrange boarding，But most still day give priority to。Parents can't pick the，We will let the teacher with the children went together。”

　　彭城说：“学生上学远，会出现两个现象：一是一些年纪小的寄宿学生生活不能自理，容易出现一些意外的状况；二是大多数家长不放心，选择在学校附近租房陪读。农村年轻劳动力更少了。”

PengCheng said：“Students go to school far，There will be two phenomenon：One is some young boarding students the life cannot provide for oneself，Prone to some unexpected situation；The second is most parents do not trust，Choose near the school or relatives can apply for rent。Rural labor force young less。”

　　针对这些情况，《意见》都有涉及并提出了具体的解决方案。杨东平分析说：“由于我国各地人口、地理差异大，如何科学设定‘就近入学’的标准一直是个难题。这次征求意见稿提出的标准，是学生每天上学步行或乘车的时间不超过40分钟，这比硬性规定学校的服务半径更为灵活和便于操作，是一个实用的指标。当前，各地解决农村学生上学远的问题主要是建设寄宿制学校。《意见》对此提出明确要求，重申小学一至三年级学生原则上不寄宿，小学高年级学生以走读为主。其实，学校教育不是教育的全部，家庭、社区和乡土之乐，也是影响儿童健康成长的重要因素。”

In view of these situations，《opinion》There are involved and proposed the specific solution。YangDongPing analysis said：“Because our country population、Geographical differences of the big，How to scientifically setting‘Came near to the entrance’Standard has always been a difficult problem。The draft of standard is put forward，Is the student to go to school every day walk or ride time not more than 40 minutes，This is hard and fast rules school service radius is more flexible and easy operation，Is a practical index。The current，To solve all rural students to go to school far main problems in the construction is boarding school。《opinion》Puts forward is clear about the request，Reiterate that primary school grade 1 to grade three students in principle not boarding，Primary school the senior and junior students to day give priority to。In fact，School education is not education of all，family、The community and local of joy，Also affect children's health and growth of the important factors。”

根本问题在师资短缺 The fundamental problem in the shortage of qualified teachers

　　杨东平认为，《意见》中提到的“根据实际需要保留和恢复必要的村小、教学点”，触到了问题的要害。“上世纪八九十年代，我国‘普九’的重要经验之一就是校点下移，广设村小和教学点。今天要巩固和提升农村基础教育，仍然需要办好必要的农村小规模学校。”杨东平说。

YangDongPing think，《opinion》mentioned“According to the actual need to retain and restore the necessary school、Teaching school”，Touched the key problem。“In the s and s，Our country‘Nine year compulsory education’One of the important experience is JiaoDian down，A wide school and teaching school。Today to consolidate and promote rural basic education，Still need to do good necessary rural small schools。”YangDongPing said。

　　但是，是不是增加学校数量就能解决问题？彭城说：“如果能增加教学点，当然是最好的，但是我担心的是师资不足。据我了解，很多教学点撤并的根本原因不是学生减少，而是师资欠缺。尤其是近几年小学就开英语课了，而在乡村小学，英语教师实在少得可怜。”

but，Is the number in the school will solve the problem？PengCheng said：“If can increase teaching school，Of course is the best，But I'm worried about the lack of teachers。I understand，A lot of teaching school merger of the root cause of the students is not reduced，But lack of teachers。Especially in recent years and then open the primary school English class，And in rural primary school，English teacher is little。”

　　马安健告诉记者：“真正的师范生愿意来村小的很少，有的学生看到进村的路就不愿意来了。而且到市、县里教书也算在基层，不少师范学生更愿意留在那里。”

MaAnJian told reporters：“The real normal school would like to few，Some students see her few remaining road did not want to come。And to the city、County teaching also calculate at the grass-roots level，A lot of normal students prefer to stay there。”

　　彭城认为，如果能在几个村庄中间办一个联合学校，大家把师资和学生合并起来，“学生上学的路能更近一些，老师也能更多一些。”

PengCheng think，If can be in several villages intermediate run a joint school，All the teachers and students merged，“Students go to school road can be more close to some，The teacher can also more。”

　　“我希望能多招来一些教师。比如，按政策我们现在只能招大学生，但是大学生又很少能来。职业学校毕业的学生如果愿意来，我们也希望能破格录取。我了解过一些基层学校，大家情况大抵相似，教师的数量在理论上是充足的，实际上不是这样。比如我们学校，每年因退休、伤病减员有30、40个，但只能招考进来十几个教师，教师的总量不断减少，学生的数量又在上升，因此会出现一些矛盾。如果师资的问题解决了，相信问题就能迎刃而解。”彭城最后说。（记者 姚晓丹 通讯员 郁 龙）

“A: I hope I can bring some teachers。For example，According to the policy now we can only recruit students，But students and rarely can come。Vocational school graduate students if willing to come，We also hope to abnormality admits。I know some basic school，Everyone in the main similar situation，The number of teachers in theory is enough，Actually, it isn't。Such as our school，Every year because of retirement、Depletion of injury has 30、40，But only admit by examination in a dozen teachers，The amount of teachers dwindling，The number of students are going up again，So there will be some contradictions。If teachers' problem solved，Believe that the problem could be solved。”PengCheng finally said。（Reporter YaoXiaoDan correspondent yu dragon）

　　(来源:光明日报)

(Sources: guangming daily)