智联招聘近日发布的一项调研结果显示，超七成企业人力资源主管表示，在录用员工时不会因为对方是海归就优先考虑。这引发很多人对于海归就业现状和前途的担忧。

Zhaopin recently released a survey results show that，Super seventy percent enterprise human resources director said，In the employ employee, not because someone is returnees is preferred。This caused a lot of people for returnees employment status quo and the future worries。

　　“这一代留学生一定会肩负起民族复兴和改革的重任。虽然现在还不成气候，但我相信他们已经掌握了世界的潮流和方向。”北京留学服务行业协会会长桑澎，在接受中国青年报记者专访时，依然作出了乐观的断言。

“This generation of students will shoulder the responsibility of national rejuvenation and reform。Although it is no climate，But I believe that they have mastered the world trend and direction。”Beijing overseas service industry association SangPeng，In an interview with China youth daily reporter，Still made optimistic assertion。

　　但他同时强调，留学不是投资，不存在性价比。“镀金论”已是过去，如今到了让留学回归本来面目的时候了。“留学已非捷径，反而可能是一条更加曲折甚至充满风险的路。”

But he also stressed，To study abroad is not investment，Does not exist ratio of。“Gold-plated theory”Is already in the past，Now to make study time return true colors。“To study abroad is not a shortcut，It may be a more twists and turns the way even full of risks。”

　　

专家认为，留学少于两年一般很难达到效果 Experts say，Less than two years study in general it is difficult to achieve the result

　　中国青年报：从整体上说，海归将达到一个什么样的规模？

The China youth daily：On the whole，Returnees will reach a what kind of scale？

　　桑澎：出国留学人员增加很快，2011年出国人数约33万，2012年还没过完，现在就达到35万。同时，回国人数也不断增长。教育部数据显示，从2000年~2010年，回国人数累计从13万人上升到63万人。按我们近5年的统计，回国人员增长幅度和出国人员增长幅度差不多，甚至在最近两年，要高于出国人员的增幅。

SangPeng：Study abroad personnel increase quickly，In 2011 the number of abroad about 330000，2012 haven't had，Now about 350000。At the same time，The number of home is increasing。Data showed that the ministry of education，From 2000 ~ 2010，The number of home accumulated going from 130000 to 630000。According to our nearly five years of statistics，To increase staff and people going abroad increase almost，Even in the past two years，To be higher than the growth of people going abroad。

　　之所以不断增长，原因很简单：第一，在国外求职和滞留已越来越困难。英国把两年的实习期取消了，澳大利亚、新西兰也取消了，加拿大移民政策也在收缩。第二，国内经济增长速度比较快，就业机会总体好于国外。

Is growing，The reason is very simple：The first，To apply for a job in a foreign country and retention has more and more difficult。British two years of internship is cancelled，Australia、New Zealand also cancelled，Canadian immigration policy in the contraction。The second，The domestic economic growth speed is faster，Employment opportunity overall better than foreign。

　　1978年恢复外派留学生后，是有一批留学生滞留海外，那是因为他们出国前就取得了一定成绩。现在不行了，自费学生占到95%，他们跟国外本土学生相比明显不具优势，所以几乎没有留下来的可能。

Restored in 1978 after students abroad，There is a group of students retention overseas，That's because they go abroad before you certain achievements have been made。Now I can't，Students at one's own expenses 95%，They compared with foreign local students obviously has no advantage，So almost no stay may。

　　我预测，留学回国人数一定还会不断增长。截至今年，从1978年以来的累计回国人数是70万人左右，未来5年内就会超过100万人。

I predict，The number of returned must also increasing。So far this year，Since 1978 the total number of return is about 700000 people，The next five years will be more than 1 million people。

　　中国青年报：这么庞大的群体，会面临就业难的问题吧？

The China youth daily：Such a large group，Will face the problem of employment it？

　　桑澎：他们确实存在困难，原因是多方面的：

SangPeng：They do have difficulty，The reason is various：

　　第一，海归的期望值太高。很多人看到早年回国人员回国后成了“长江学者”，进入“千人计划”，可他们没看到，人家出去前基本就是成功人士。

The first，Returnees expectations too high。Many people see early returned personnel after returning home became“Cheung kong scholars”，into“One thousand people plan”，But they did not see，The somebody else before go out basic is successful。

　　第二，很多用人单位在首次接触海归时，会有较高期望值，觉得他们精通外语、知道国际游戏规则等。实际上，期望和现实之间还是有差距的。

The second，A lot of unit of choose and employ persons in the first contact when returnees，There will be higher expectations，Think of their proficiency in a foreign language、Know the international rules of the game, etc。In fact，Expectations and the reality gap between still have。

　　举个例子，一些去英国和澳大利亚读商科的研究生，只有一年学制。他们要在一年内通过压缩课程完成学业是可以做到的，但一年时间，要达到留学效果很难。我们通常认为，留学少于两年一般很难达到效果。

For example，Some go to England and Australia to read business graduate student，Only one year plan。They will in a year through the compression course finish school can be done，But a year，To achieve effect is very difficult to study abroad。We usually think，Less than two years study in general it is difficult to achieve the result。

　　中国青年报：既然一年时间就可以完成课程，为什么还说很难达到留学效果？

The China youth daily：Since a year can complete the course，Why also said that it is difficult to reach the study effect？

　　桑澎：第一，你的语言一定不过关；第二，你没有时间去了解当地文化，不知道人与人之间的处事准则，以及商业运作过程的基本规则。

SangPeng：The first，Your language must not pass；The second，You don't have the time to understand the local culture，Don't know interpersonal guideline，And business operation process of the basic rules。

　　课堂上学的东西，不是我们评定留学生含金量的唯一标准。他们学的那点东西也不一定长期有用。真正留在骨子里的，是一个国家的文化，是掌握一种符合国际标准的行为准则。这些必须要通过时间的积淀才行。有时间去学习、感受生活或者工作，才是最理想的留学。一些留学生自己也说，少于两年的留学真是太短了，都不够玩的。

What class，Not we assess students gold content only standard。They learn that something is not useful for a long time。Really stay in nature，Is a national culture，Is to master a kind of accord with international standard code of conduct。These must be through the time accumulation to just go。Have the time to study、Experience life or work，Is the most ideal to study abroad。Some students said yourself，Less than two years of study abroad is really is too short，Enough play。

　　中国青年报：造成海归就业困难还有什么原因？

The China youth daily：Cause returnees employment difficulties what reason be？

　　桑澎：对很多用人单位来说，海归缺少工作实践经历是个致命缺陷。很多本土学生大四就去实习了，而留学人员没国内实习经历，所以没有竞争力。

SangPeng：For many, unit of choose and employ persons，Returnees lack of work practice experience is a fatal defects。Many local senior students went to the practice，And students studying abroad not domestic practice experience，So there is no competition。

　　很多海归对本土文化也不适应。智联招聘公布的前十个最热门的就业岗位，基本都是销售类的。而由于国情不同，国内外的营销手段和对象也不同。所以，这些热门岗位并不适合海归。

Many returnees to local culture also does not adapt。Zhaopin announced before the ten most popular jobs，Basic it is kind of sales。Due to different conditions，Domestic and international marketing means and the object is different also。so，These popular jobs is not suitable for returnees。

　　此外，海归选择的就业城市过于集中。他们就喜欢北京、上海、广州，有47%的海归都选择去上海，三线城市则基本不考虑。但这些一线城市经过多年积累，人才已高度集中，竞争会很激烈。

In addition，Returnees choice of employment are too centralized city。They like Beijing、Shanghai、guangzhou，47% of the returnees are choose to Shanghai，Three line city is basic does not consider。But these first-tier cities after many years of accumulation，Talent has high concentration，The competition will be very fierce。

　　海归求职在时间和空间上也没优势。我们本土学生一般大三就开始找工作，会通过实习为找工作做铺垫。海归没这个时间和机会。

Returnees to apply for a job in time and space also didn't advantage。We the native students general junior started looking for a job，Through practice for a job do foreshadowing。Returnees didn't have the time and opportunity。

　　我们发现，大多数就业岗位考虑的还是能力，真正与海外留学背景相关的不多，除非是直接跟外国人打交道的岗位，但这种岗位太少，多数岗位就是面向中国社会设立的。

We found，Most of the jobs consider or ability，The real with overseas education background related much，Unless it is directly dealing with foreigners post，But this post too little，Most posts is established for Chinese society。

　　以上这些原因，导致海归求职困难。但并不是说这些就真的阻碍海归入职。在相同的条件和要求下，海归就业的可能性还是大于普通的国内学生。只要不做过高要求，找个工作不难。

These reasons，Cause returnees encountered difficulties。But is not to say that these really hinder sea into position。In the same conditions and requirements，The possibility of returnees employment or greater than ordinary domestic students。As long as don't do too high requirements，It is not difficult to find a job。

　　

真要按性价比来说，留学一定赶不上在本土学习 True according to for performance，Study abroad must miss in the local learning

　　中国青年报：中国留学市场已由小众的“精英留学”，转为大众的“自主留学”，其中存在哪些值得注意的问题？

The China youth daily：Study in China by the market has little“Elite to study abroad”，Into public“Independent study”，What are some noticeable problems？

　　桑澎：当前存在不少非理性留学、盲目留学和“被留学”现象，最终受害的还是学生本人。

SangPeng：At present, there exist many irrational to study abroad、Blind study and“Was to study abroad”phenomenon，Eventually suffer or student。

　　我一直认为，不是所有人都适合留学。如果连基础知识都不扎实，就不适合留学。有些孩子高考成绩就一二百分，在国内没学上所以送出国。这样的孩子到国外，用其他语言再学一门新的学科，能学得下来吗？还有的孩子是觉得在国内很难考上好大学，就用留学来逃避困难。可在国外再遇到困难又该怎么办？还有一些孩子性格内向，也可能不适合出国，到外面没人理，会越来越自闭。

I've always thought，Not everyone is suitable for study abroad。If even the basic knowledge is not solid，It is not suitable for study abroad。Some children of the university entrance exam is just a little percentage，In the domestic didn't learn to go up so sent abroad。Such children to foreign countries，In other language to learn a new subject，Can learn a down？There are children in China is think it is difficult to take an examination of a good university，With the study abroad to avoid difficulties。Can be in abroad to meet with difficulties and what should I do？There are some children introverted，May also not suitable for going abroad，Outside nobody reason，Will be more and more autistic。

　　我不是说这些学生一定不能出国，只是出国后会遇到比别人多得多的阻力。自己能调节还行，如果不会调节，会过得很悲惨。

I'm not saying these students must not go abroad，Just go abroad will meet more than others resistance。You can adjust still line，If you don't control，Will live a miserable life。

　　中国青年报：中国学生该如何进行留学决策？

The China youth daily：Chinese students how to proceed to study abroad decision？

　　桑澎：首先要客观分析自己适不适合留学。要具备相应的文化基础；要有正确的留学目的和良好心态；应具备留学的经济基础，指着到外面打工太不现实；还要具备相应的语言基础。

SangPeng：First of all to objective analysis himself is suitable for study abroad。To have the corresponding cultural foundation；To have the correct study purpose and good mentality；Should have to study abroad economic foundation，As to the outside part-time job is not reality；Also has the corresponding language foundation。

　　其次，要全面考虑选择自己的留学目的国。我们现在的十大留学目的国里，前5个都是英语国家美国、英国、澳大利亚、加拿大、新西兰，占我们留学生的80%左右，这是非常不合理的。再看看美国，同样是“留学大国”，他们在选择留学目的国时，各个语言的国家都有英国、法国、西班牙、中国、日本，几乎把所有语种国都涵盖了。留学目的国分布广泛，在未来也会提供更多更好的就业机会。

secondly，Must fully consider to choose their own study abroad country of destination。We are now ten big study purpose kingdom，Top five are the United States, the English、British、Australia、Canada、New Zealand，We accounted for about 80% of the students，This is very reasonable。Look at the United States，The same is“Study abroad power”，In their chosen to study abroad purpose kingdom，Each language of that country are British、France、Spain、China、Japan，Almost all the language countries covered。Study abroad country of destination are widely distributed，In the future will also provide more and better jobs。

　　理性留学的又一个特征，是结合未来职业规划选择职业，不要别人学什么我学什么。在选专业时，应多听专业机构和专家的意见，切忌听亲戚朋友、学长学姐说，那太不靠谱儿了。

Rational study abroad and a feature，Is a combination of the future career planning career choice，Don't others learn what I learn。When choosing professional，Should listen more professional institutions and experts，Don't listen to friends and relatives、Senior learn elder sister said，That's not the PuEr。

　　中国青年报：很多人觉得留学的性价比不错。您怎么看？

The China youth daily：A lot of people think study abroad a good performance。How do you see？

　　桑澎：留学不是一种投资，不存在性价比。真要按性价比来说，留学一定赶不上在本土学习。留学的真正目的就三个：学到一门知识，掌握一门技能；感受不同文化，知道国际通用行为准则，理解准则的文化背景；具有一定的国际视野。

SangPeng：To study abroad is not a kind of investment，Does not exist ratio of。True according to for performance，Study abroad must miss in the local learning。The real purpose of study is three：Learn a foreign knowledge，To master a foreign skills；Experience different cultures，Know the international general code of conduct，Understanding the cultural background of the standards；Has certain international vision。

　　中国青年报：要帮海归就业，相关部门和政策可以做怎样的调整？

The China youth daily：To help returnees employment，Related departments and policy can do how to adjust？

　　桑澎：我们每年各省、各部委都会到海外招聘。但有个问题，就是给人家的信息没跟踪，具体联系方式什么的都没有。我们现在正建立一个专门针对海外留学人员的网络人才库，让他们在海外就能获得用人单位的招聘信息，建立与用人单位沟通的网络平台，包括远程面试。这就可以大大缩短他们的待业时间。

SangPeng：Each year we provinces、The ministries will to overseas recruitment。But there is a problem，The information is to give people didn't tracking，Contact details of what all have no。We are now to establish a special for overseas students studying abroad network talent pool，Let them in overseas can get the employer's recruitment information，Unit of choose and employ persons to establish communication network platform，Including remote interview。This can greatly shorten the their unemployment time。

　　国内求职者，可以通过招聘网站获得用人信息，但海外上百万留学人员没这样的信息渠道。我们也希望政府有关部门能支持和构建起这种沟通渠道，把用人信息和人才信息真正联系起来。

Domestic job seekers，Can through the recruitment website for employing information，But millions of overseas students studying abroad have such information channel。We also hope that relevant government departments can support and build up the communication channels，The employing information and personnel information link real。

　　

这一代留学生一定会肩负起民族复兴和改革的重任 This generation of students will shoulder the responsibility of national rejuvenation and reform

　　中国青年报：有人说，海归的光环已逐渐消褪；也有人说，海归依旧是我国人力资源重要的“外汇储备”。您怎么看？

The China youth daily：Some say，Returnees aura has gradually faded away；Also someone says，Returnees still is our country human resource important“Foreign exchange reserves”。How do you see？

　　桑澎：近现代我们最早一批留学生是1872年派出去的，杰出代表有詹天佑、刘步蟾等。后来出现钱学森、杨振宁、李政道、华罗庚这批留学生。他们的留学目的很单纯，就是要救国。1978年后，我们又公派一批人出去留学，他们现在已是各研究领域的学科带头人，也是继钱学森之后最有成效的留学生。

SangPeng：We are the first modern a batch of students is 1872 years of sent to，Outstanding representative have zhan tianyou、LiuBuChan, etc。Qian xuesen to come、Yang、Li zhen-dao、Hua luogeng this batch of students。Their study purpose is simple，Is to save the nation。1978 years later，We also began a batch of people go out to study abroad，They are now already is the research subject leaders，Is the most effective students after qian xuesen。

　　2000年后，海外留学开始转向以自费学生为主，到2005年后，部分中产阶级的孩子也开始留学，他们出去学什么、到哪个国家，都跟就业和未来发展联系起来，开始出现“理性留学”的苗头。在我看来，这一代留学生一定会肩负起民族复兴和改革的重任。虽然现在他们还不成气候，但他们已掌握世界的潮流和方向。最重要的是，他们能感知国外的文化。在文化撞击过程中，达到彼此了解。这个过程中，一部分人可能像大浪淘沙一样被淘出来，也有一部分人最终真正了解了留学的真谛。

2000 years later，Overseas study to begin to turn to commoner give priority to，For 2005 years，Part of the middle class children also began to study abroad，They went out to learn what、To which country，With employment and future development connected，Began to appear“Rational study abroad”began。In my opinion，This generation of students will shoulder the responsibility of national rejuvenation and reform。Although now they also no climate，But they have mastered the world trend and direction。The most important thing is，They can perceive foreign culture。In the cultural impact process，To understand each other。The process，Some people may like a mighty wave crashing on digg out，There are still a few people in the end, that truly understand the true meaning of study abroad。

　　中国青年报：要让海归更好地为我们国家和社会服务，我们还应怎么做？

The China youth daily：Want to let returnees work better for our country and social services，We also should do？

　　桑澎：要吸引优秀留学生回国创业，应创造实实在在的环境。留学人员无论在海外生活多少年，民族情结肯定不会丢。如果有机会，他们会报效祖国。只是有的人没有机会或受一些限制而已。

SangPeng：To attract outstanding returned students undertaking，Truly, truly, should create the environment。Students studying abroad no matter how many years in the overseas life，National complex won't lose。If there is a chance，They will serve the motherland。But some people have no chance to or is it some restrictions。

　　可是，我们为他们做了些什么呢？我们建立了100多个国家级高新区和100多个经济开发区，里面虽然也设有留学创业园，但以中关村为例，除了支持他们在那儿创办企业，给个10万元、20万元的奖励，或者在税收、登记方面提供一些优惠，除此之外，再没看到任何支持。但这一点点钱，不足以支持他们做成任何事。

but，We have done for them what？We set up more than 100 state-level high-tech zone and more than 100 economic development zone，Although in a study in pioneer park，But in zhongguancun, for example，In addition to supporting where they business promotion，Give a 100000 yuan、Award of $200000，Or in the tax、Registration provide some preferential，In addition，Never see any support。But this a little bit of money，Enough to support them to make anything。

　　对于真正在国外有一定成就的人来说，他们更看重的，是他的知识有没有受到应有尊重。比如，想回国，很可能在大使馆签证时就遭到冷遇；到达创业园区，可能创业园主任请吃了个饭，但落实到细节上就没有了，要做成事太难太难。在这类环节上，他都会觉得，没有受到应有的尊重和理解，这些恰恰是他们最需要的。

For really in abroad have the certain achievement in person，They are more important，Is his knowledge by any should be respected。For example，Want to return to country，Probably at the embassy visa is a cold reception；To venture park，May pioneer park director please eat a meal，But there is no attention to detail the，To make it difficult to too hard。In this kind of link，He will feel，Were not due respect and understanding，These exactly is what they need most。