8月17日，山东省教育考试院公布的今年高考录取情况显示，虽然高职录取线已降到180分，但仍有96所学校三次投档无一人报考。招生再度“感受到了阵阵寒意”。更可怕的是，这种生源危机已经蔓延至全国，根据各地招考部门陆续公布的数据，广东、河南、河北等省份均出现了招生难现象。

On August 17,，Shandong education examination yuan published this year the university entrance exam admission show，Although higher vocational admission line has fallen to 180 points，But there are still 96 schools cast archives three times no one to enter oneself for an examination。Recruit students again“Felt a chill”。Is more terrible，The germ crisis has spread to the whole country，According to the regional admit by examination department has published data，guangdong、henan、Hebei provinces all appear the phenomenon of hard enrollment。

　　记者在采访包括部分高职院校校长、招办负责人和有关专家时，他们指出，要冷静看待连续几年的高职招生遇冷的问题，要从职业教育规律和产业发展规律入手分析其原因，并提出建设性的意见。他们认为，危机也是机遇，这或许会从根本上成为解决高职招生难，并积极厘清职业教育发展思路问题的抓手。

Reporter in the interview including part of the principal in higher vocational colleges、Manages person in charge and relevant experts when，They point out that，To calm look at successive years of higher vocational recruit students meet the problem of cold，From the professional education law and the industrial development rule of the reason analysis，And put forward the constructive Suggestions。They think，Crisis is also the opportunity，Perhaps this will be fundamentally solve become higher vocational hard enrollment，And actively to clarify the professional education development problem of the gripper。

现实有“冷”也有“热” Reality have“cold”Also have“heat”

　　招生冷与招生热是相对应的。记者刚刚获悉的浙江省2012年高职招生情况表明，首先，在学校和专业选择上，该省财经类学校以及非财经类学校的财经类专业越来越热，如国际贸易实务、投资与理财、财务管理、工商企业管理、市场营销、金融管理与实务、电子商务等。其中会计专业成为最热门专业，报考比率一般在1：4以上，机械制造、生物化工、园林农艺、计算机信息等类别专业相对较冷。其次，在地域选择上，“家门口”情结更加浓厚。省内高职院校普遍生源较好，首轮投档就有90%以上学校额满。再次，办学声誉好的学校举办的中外合作专业开始受到青睐。

Recruit students cold and admissions heat is the corresponding。The reporter just heard of zhejiang province in 2012 shows that higher vocational recruit students，First of all，In the school and professional choice，The province finance and economics school and the school of financial and economics in the more and more heat，Such as the practice of international trade、Investment and financing、Financial management、Business enterprise management、marketing、Financial management and practice、Electronic commerce, etc。The accounting profession to become the most popular major，Enter oneself for an examination ratio generally in 1：4 or above，Machinery manufacturing、Biological chemical、Garden agricultural、Computer information category professional relatively cold。secondly，In the regional choice，“home”Complex more strong。Higher vocational colleges students in general is good，The first round of cast archives have more than 90% school the quota。again，The reputable school for Chinese and foreign cooperation professional began to suffer the favor。

　　辽阳职业技术学院招生办老师王丽娜认为，高职院校“招生难”的原因，一是适龄人口减少；二是高中生留学人员增加，2008年起，出国留学人数保持20%以上的年增长率；三是中等职业院校的分流，相应的普通高中在校生减少；四是有些学生放弃高考，直接提前就业。由于生源不足，加之各院校招生计划逐年增加，使得招生工作供求差别年年加大。很多省份不得不以降低录取分数线来保障供给量，高职院校录取的最低控制分数线已经不是真正意义上的“底线”。

Liaoyang vocational and technical college admission office teacher wang lina, think，Higher vocational colleges“Hard enrollment”reason，One is the school-age population decrease；The second is high school students studying abroad increase，Since 2008，Study abroad to keep the number of more than 20% of the annual rate of growth；The third is secondary vocational colleges shunt，The corresponding ordinary high school student to reduce；The fourth is some students give up the university entrance exam，Direct employment in advance。Due to the lack of students，Together with the colleges and universities to recruit students to plan increases year by year，Makes the recruitment of students work supply and demand difference from year to year increase。Many provinces have to admit fractional line to reduce to ensure supply，Higher vocational colleges the enrollment lowest control fractional line is not real“Bottom line”。

是危机也是机遇 The crisis is also opportunities

　　辽宁农业职业技术学院院长蒋锦标认为，目前高等职业院校面临的招生危机是高等职业教育发展必定要经历的一个阶段，有其必然性，是危机也是机遇。

Liaoning agriculture vocational and technical college JiangJinBiao think dean，At present higher vocational colleges face the enrollment of higher vocational education development crisis is bound to experience a stage，Has its inevitability，The crisis is also opportunities。

　　蒋锦标分析高职院校招生难原因时认为：一是高等职业院校布局和设立的必然结果。近年来高等职业院校数量增长过快，大量中等职业学校升格办高职，许多本科学校合并中等职业学校办高职，在生源总体下降的前提下，招生危机在所难免，这是意料之中的事情。二是本专科规模比例造成的必然结果。目前考生能上本科不上高职，这是绝大多数人的选择。除了个别发达省份的高等职业教育招生规模达到高等教育招生的一半，大多数省份高职招生计划规模小于本科计划，本科院校把生源招尽了，高等职业院校招不到学生是自然的事。三是高职院校自身竞争力和吸引力不够的必然结果。在招生竞争日趋激烈的形势下，一些办得好的高职院校招生情况甚至可以与本科院校竞争，而办学缺乏特色的高职院校招不到学生也是必然结果。

Higher vocational colleges JiangJinBiao analysis hard enrollment cause think：One is to higher vocational colleges, the layout and the establishment of the inevitable result。In recent years, higher vocational colleges increase too fast，A large number of secondary vocational school promoted to higher vocational，Many undergraduate course school merge secondary vocational school to do higher vocational，In the students under the premise of the overall decline，Recruit students crisis is inevitable，It's an expected thing。The second is this specialized subject scale caused by the proportion of the inevitable result。At present the students can not undergraduate course on higher vocational，This is the overwhelming majority person's choice。In addition to individual developed province higher vocational education enrollment scale of higher education enrollment to half，Most of the province higher vocational enrollment plan size less than undergraduate program，The undergraduate course colleges and universities to recruit students consumes，Higher vocational college can't recruit students is natural。The third is the competitiveness of higher vocational colleges and the inevitable result of attraction is not enough。Enrollment in the increasingly fierce competition in the situation，Some do well circumstance of recruit students of higher vocational colleges and universities and colleges of undergraduate course can even competition，And the lack of characteristics of higher vocational colleges can't recruit students is also the inevitable result。

　　他认为应对高职院校招生难最有效措施是，国家对高职院校数量规模的宏观调控，同时，适当控制本科的招生规模，给高职教育发展留有空间。

He thinks that deal with higher vocational colleges to recruit students the most effective measures is，The state of the number and scale of higher vocational college macroeconomic regulation and control，At the same time，Appropriate control undergraduate enrollment scale，Higher vocational education development to leave space。

分数不应是唯一标准 Score should not be the only standard

　　湖北省教育考试院办公室调研员罗金远持有的观点很具有启发性。他对记者说：“高考分数从普遍意义上来说是衡量生源质量好坏的一个重要标准，但绝不是唯一标准，尤其是对高等职业技术教育而言。高职教育是我国高等教育的重要组成部分，高考分数的好坏与其职业技能的强弱并不存在一一对应关系。”

Hubei education examination yuan office investigator LuoJinYuan holding point of view is very inspiring。He told reporters：“College entrance examination fraction from general significance is up to measure how the students' quality is an important standard，It is certainly not the only standard，Especially for higher vocational and technical education in。Higher vocational education is the important part of higher education，The stand or fall of the university entrance exam and the strength of the vocational skills does not have one to one correspondence relationship。”

　　他认为，对于高职院校而言，除了日趋激烈的生源竞争，还有数量竞争，更有质量竞争，且质量竞争尤为激烈。在目前的招生环境下，大多数高职院校普遍采取以高考分数作为录取依据缺乏远见。事实上，由于当前考生与家长对高职高专院校缺乏正确认识，仍然对其存在偏见和歧视，导致以分数为唯一标准的招生和录取恶性循环。

He thinks，As for higher vocational colleges，In addition to the increasingly fierce competition of students，And quantity competition，More quality competition，The quality and the competition is fierce。In the present recruit students environment，Most vocational colleges generally adopted in college entrance examination fraction as admit according to the lack of foresight。In fact，Due to the current students and parents to the lack of a correct understanding of higher vocational colleges，Still on its existence prejudice and discrimination，Cause to score is the only standard recruitment and admission vicious cycle。

　　罗金远提出“职业属性”是高等职业教育特有的属性。高等职业教育和普通高等教育区别的关键不在分数，而在于“职业属性”；不在于层次的高低，而在于“实践性”、“技术性”或“应用性”的程度。他坚持认为，高等职业教育定位的非理性化，是其有效需求不足的根源，只有理性化定位，才能促进高等职业教育可持续发展。

LuoJinYuan put forward“Professional attribute”Higher vocational education is a unique attributes。Higher vocational education and ordinary higher education difference between the key issue is not score，But in the“Professional attribute”；Is not level of high and low，But in the“practical”、“technical”or“applied”degree。He insisted that，Higher vocational education orientation is not rational，It is the root of insufficient effective demand，Only rational positioning，To promote the sustainable development of higher vocational education。

提升高职教育质量和吸引力 Ascension higher vocational education quality and attractive

　　辽宁教育研究院副院长、研究员董新伟认为，应对策略首先要提升高职教育质量，增强高职教育吸引力。对高职院校来讲，学校办学质量的好坏、社会影响力的大小直接影响招生。因此，高职院校加强内涵建设，把质量效益放在第一位尤为关键。第二，面向产业集群调整和设置专业。专业是影响高职招生的一个相当重要的要素，专业是否符合当地经济社会发展需要，是否具有广阔的就业前景，就业后的待遇及发展前景好坏等，已成为考生报考的主要考虑因素之一。他说，我国部分高职院校对考生没有太大吸引力，主要原因是其较低的学历层次和“断头教育”。

Liaoning education institute vice President、The researchers dong new wei think，Strategies to promote higher vocational education quality first，Strengthen higher vocational education attraction。Will tell to higher vocational colleges，School the stand or fall of quality、The size of the social influence directly influence the recruit students。therefore，Higher vocational colleges to strengthen the connotation construction，Put the quality benefit in the first place is the key。The second，Facing up to the industry cluster adjustment and set up professional。Professional is to influence higher vocational recruit students of a very important factor，Professional in compliance with the local economic and social development needs，Whether has the broad prospects of employment，After obtain employment and development prospect of the treatment quality and so on，Examinee enter oneself for an examination has become one of the main factors。He said，Part of the higher vocational colleges in our country to the examinee not too big attraction，The main reason is the low education level and“Beheaded education”。

　　他提出，应该适度分步实施包括自主招生等内容的改革。今年，辽宁有7所高职院校实行了自主招生，但是各校考试内容各不相同，其特点和优势可以打破目前高考“一考定终身”的弊端，其一是能够引导中学教育的应试模式向真正的素质教育模式转变，注重学生的全面发展，其二是吸引优质生源提前入学，其三是实施订单培养，可以结合企业对人才的要求和学生的职业愿望组建订单班，实现招生—培养—就业良性循环。

He proposed，Should moderate implement step by step including autonomous enrollment and the reform of the content。This year，Liaoning have seven vocational colleges to implement the autonomous enrollment，But the schools exam content each are not identical，The characteristics and advantages of current college entrance examination can break“As a lifelong”The disadvantages of，One is able to guide the middle school education takes an exam the mode to real quality education mode transformation，Pay attention to students' development in an all-round way，The second is to attract high-quality students admission in advance，Third is the order culture，Can combine enterprise to talented person's request and the students' vocational wishes form order class，Realize recruit students - culture - employment benign circulation。

更多关注那些“不成功”的孩子 More attention to those who“Don't succeed”children

　　现在，“上大学难”的说法改为“上好大学难”才更实际。湖北省教育考试院研究员胡向东说，一方面，大量按现行高考成绩很“失败”的学生得不到应有的重视，即使进入高职高专学习也难以享受到高质量的教育，低分考生及家长已“觉醒”读也白读、反正找不到工作；另一方面，高校生源的总体萎缩，使众多高职高专院校“吃不饱”，面临破产危机。

now，“College difficult”Said to“Into a good college difficult”To more practical。Hubei education examination yuan HuXiangDong researchers said，On the one hand，According to the current of the university entrance exam is very“failure”Students get due attention，Even into the higher vocational learning is also difficult to enjoy to the high quality education，Low grade students and parents already“awakening”Read also white read、Anyway, find a job；On the other hand，University students overall atrophy，Make many higher vocational colleges“Do not have enough to eat”，Facing bankruptcy crisis。

　　他说，以湖北为例，5年前，高职高专院校已无法按计划招满学生，开始大量征集志愿，且征集志愿计划逐年迅速攀升，2008年为2000余人，2009年达到5000余人，2010年增至8000余人，2011年攀升至1.6万人，今年也有1.1万人。而398所院校的征集志愿，只有5所超过了批次线投档，其余院校呈现“零竞争”。

He said，In hubei province as an example，Five years ago，Higher vocational colleges have not plan recruit students full，Start a lot of solicitation volunteer，And solicitation volunteer program rising rapidly year by year，2008 to more than 2000 people，More than 2009 people，In 2010 to more than 8000 people，2011 years of up to 16000 people，This year will have 11000 people。398 colleges and universities and the collection of volunteer，Only 5 more than the batch line to cast archives，The rest of the colleges and universities present“Zero competition”。

　　胡向东认为，以一元化标准发展高等教育，显然无法适应经济社会发展需要。更进一步地看这个问题，与其说是高职高专招生面临“拐点”，不如说是整个中国高等教育面临“拐点”我们既要回答“钱学森之问”，加快创新拔尖人才的培养，努力建设世界一流大学；又要转变高等教育的质量观，更多地关注那些“不成功”的孩子，给他们以提升就业能力为主要方向的高质量职业技术教育。（记者 朱振国 通讯员 王建亮）

HuXiangDong think，With the development of higher education unified standard，Obviously unable to adapt to economic and social development needs。Further look at this problem，Higher vocational college recruit students face is not so much“Inflection point”，Rather than the entire Chinese higher education faces“Inflection point”We should answer“Of qian xuesen asked”，To speed up the top-notch innovative talents，Efforts to build a world class university；Higher education and to change the quality，More attention to those“Don't succeed”children，Give them in order to enhance employment ability as the main direction of high quality vocational and technical education。（Reporter correspondent ZhuZhenGuo WangJianLiang）

　　作者：朱振国 王建亮

The author：ZhuZhenGuo WangJianLiang