近日，复旦大学中文系教授王安忆在给复旦大学研究生的毕业致辞中，劝告毕业生“不要尽想着有用”、“不要过于追求效率”，“不要急于加入竞争”。她提出的这三个“嘱咐”引发不少年轻人关注和热议。

recently，Fudan university Chinese department professor wang anyi to fudan university graduate student graduation address，Advice graduates“Don't do thinking of useful”、“Don't be the pursuit of efficiency”，“Don't rush to join the competition”。She put the three“charged”Cause quite a few young people attention and hot debate。

　　中国青年报社会调查中心通过民意中国网和中国雅虎，对3705人进行的在线调查显示，61.1%的受访者认为，王安忆提出的三项“嘱咐”适合当下的年轻人，其中22.3%的人认为这三个“嘱咐”“非常适合”。不过，也有30.4%的人觉得，这“不太适合”或“不适合”当下年轻人。受访者中，80后占51.2%，70后占22.8%。

The China youth daily social survey center through the public opinion China and Chinese yahoo，Of 3705 people online survey，61.1% of the respondents thought，Wang anyi put forward three“charged”Suitable for the young people，22.3% of the people think that the three“charged”“Is very suitable for”。but，Also have 30.4% of the people think，this“Doesn't suit”or“Not suitable for”The young man。respondents，After 80 51.2%，After 70 22.8%。

　　

42.8%受访者坦言“尽想着有用”的观念在当前社会最普遍 42.8% of respondents said“Do thinking of useful”The concept of the most common in the current society

　　谷刻是一名刚刚毕业的本科生。在她看来，现在的大学生和上世纪80年代及以前的大学生有很大不同。“那个时代的大学生似乎更有追求，心中一直坚持着某种信念。有的人为了解决粮食短缺问题潜心研究农学；有的为了发展壮大国家的航天事业学习物理。而我们现在很多大学生，都是冲着就业去的，觉得既然经济学、小语种好就业，那我就死磕那些专业，甚至可以不顾自己的喜好。”

Valley cutting is a just graduate students。In her eyes，Now the college students and the 1980 s before and the college students to have a very different。“The era of college students seem to have more pursuit，Heart has been insisting on a certain faith。Some people in order to solve food shortage concentrated on the study of agriculture；Some in order to develop national space industry study physics。And we now a lot of college students，Are blunt employment to go，Think now that economics、Minority language good employment，Then I die depletion those professional，Can even in spite of oneself be fond of。”

　　调查中，42.8%的受访者坦言“尽想着有用”的观念在当前社会最普遍。

In the investigation，42.8% of respondents said“Do thinking of useful”The concept of the most common in the current society。

　　北京师范大学传播学系副教授王颖吉认为，任何时代都存在功利性的价值导向，来帮助人们应对迫切需要解决的问题。同时，社会也需要非功利性的价值导向来帮助人们进行反思，照顾长远利益，寻求更好的生活状态。但是当前国内功利的价值导向尤其突出，物质文化和精神文化发展不太平衡。比如，高校学生大多不愿学习哲学、文学等 “无用之学”，而更追捧应用型学科，认为这样才能在毕业后找到一份收入高的工作。

Beijing normal university associate professor, department of communication, WangYingJi think，Any age have utilitarian value orientation，To help people deal with urgent need to address the problem。At the same time，Society also needs the utilitarian value guidance to help people to reflect on，Take care of long-term interests，Seek a better life state。But the current domestic utilitarian value guidance is especially prominent，The material culture and spiritual culture development not balanced。For example，College students are not willing to study philosophy、Literature, etc “The useless learning”，And more applied disciplines to chase after hold in both hands，Think that after graduation to find a well-paid job。

　　为什么一些年轻人过于追求“有用无用”？调查中，72.4%的受访者认为原因在于“当下功利主义横行，导致许多人做事不是看兴趣而是看用途”；64.5%的人觉得是因为“在快节奏的社会，许多人没耐心做当前看不到效果的事”；44.0%的人将原因归结为一些人“盲目跟随社会潮流，缺乏独立思考意识”。

Why some young people too to pursue“Useful useless”？In the investigation，72.4% of the respondents thought the reason is that“The utilitarianism transverse，Led to many people do not see interest but see use”；64.5% of the people think because“In the fast-paced society，Many people don't have the patience to do current can't see the effect”；44.0% of the people attributed the problem for some people“Blindly follow the social trends，The lack of independent thinking consciousness”。

　　

当下的年轻人承担着现实和主流价值观的双重压力 The young people bear the reality and the mainstream values of the double pressure

　　已经参加工作5年的曹立飞说，大家的人生理想不同，有的年轻人想趁早做出点成绩来实现自我价值太正常了，“但如果整个社会的年轻人都这么想，这个取向就太单一了。年轻人代表着未来，他们都急功近利，不利于整个社会的创新和进步。”

Have to work five years of CaoLiFei said，Everyone's life ideal is different，Some young people want to make a success before it is too late to realize self value too normal，“But if the whole society's young people think so，The orientation is the single。Young people on behalf of the future，They all get rich quick，Go against the whole social innovation and progress。”

　　调查中，18.2%的人认为，在王安忆所指的三种现象中，“过于追求效率”在当前社会最普遍。

In the investigation，18.2% of the people think，In wang anyi referring to the three kinds of phenomena，“Too pursuit of efficiency”The most common in the current society。

　　民意中国网网友刘俊彦留言指出，如果年轻人有自己的目标，并为尽快实现目标而追求效率很正常。但关键是，现在不少年轻人的目标其实是“别人的目标”。当前社会很多人缺乏独立思考意识和自我意识，总将他人成就作为自己的奋斗目标，而忽略了个人的内心需求。“就像买房买车，至少我身边不少朋友扪心自问，自己更想出去旅行，有的希望换个城市工作生活，还有人希望留学深造。”

Public opinion China net friend LiuJunYan message pointed out，If young people have their own goals，As soon as possible and to realize the goals and the pursuit of efficiency is very normal。But the key is，Now many young people's goal is actually“Others goal”。The current social many people lack of independent thinking and self-consciousness，Will always others achievement as their goal，While ignoring the individual inner demand。“Like to buy a house to buy a car，At least me quite a lot of friends ask yourself，More wanted to go out to travel，Some hope to change a city work and life，There are people want to study abroad for further study。”

　　“现在很多人盲目追求效率，会抹杀和忽略掉很多有价值的东西。”刘俊彦说，追求效率固然是好的，但年轻人也该学会慢下来，留给自己一个思考的时间，并适时调整自己的方向，“有时慢下来，看看身边的风景，也许会有新的体会。别到最后实现所谓‘目标’后却发现，那不是自己想要的。”

“Now many people blind pursuit of efficiency，Will kill and ignore many anything of value。”LiuJunYan said，The pursuit of efficiency is is good，But young people should also learn to slow down，Leave it to myself a time for reflection，And timely adjust their own direction，“Sometimes slow down，Look at the scenery around，Maybe there will be a new experience。Don't to finally realize the so-called‘target’Found after，It's not you want。”

　　为什么一些人会过于注重效率？调查中，62.8%的受访者认为是因为“当下社会不尽快获得利益，就会落后”；57.6%的人觉得原因在于“整个社会都遵从‘效率优先原则’”；43.5%的人直言，原因在于当下“成功要趁早”的观念横行。

Why do some people will be too pay attention to efficiency？In the investigation，62.8% of those surveyed think because“The social benefit as soon as possible，We'll fall behind”；57.6% of the people think that the reason is that“The whole society compliance‘Efficiency first principle’”；43.5% of the people the truth，Reason lies in the“Understanding the success”Idea transverse。

　　“我们对经济发展的长期偏重，形成了一种实用观。人们更关注怎样做成一件事，而很少进行价值上的反思。”王颖吉认为，当下实用主义的主流价值观和快速的社会发展节奏，影响了年轻人的价值取向和生存模式。同时，大学教育也呈现出功利倾向，多设置应用型学科，压缩人文学科，忽略了对学生的人格教育。

“Our economic development on for a long time，Formed a practical view。More attention to how to make it a thing，With little value on the reflection。”WangYingJi think，The pragmatism of the mainstream values of social development and rapid rhythm，Affects the young man's value orientation and survival mode。At the same time，University education is also showing utilitarian tendency，Set the applied science，Compression humanities，Ignore to student's personality education。

　　此外，9.9%的人认为王安忆“嘱咐”所针对的现象中，“急于加入竞争”最普遍。

In addition，9.9% of the people think that wang anyi“charged”To the phenomenon，“Eager to join the competition”The most common。

　　对于不少年轻人过于注重竞争的原因，73.0%的受访者认为，是因为“在一些规则和压力下，不竞争就会被淘汰”；57.9%的人认为这是攀比心理在作祟，一些年轻人总希望超过别人；41.8%的人认为，急于加入竞争是因为一些年轻人希望通过竞争胜利证明自己的价值。

For many young people pays more attention to the cause of the competition，73.0% of the respondents thought，because“In some rules and pressure，Don't competition will be eliminated”；57.9% of the people think that this is "keep up with the joneses" psychological in haunt，Some young people always hope more than others；41.8% of the people think，Eager to join the competition because some young people hope through the competition victory to prove his worth。

　　谷刻认为，当前国内竞争太激烈，影响了年轻人的独立判断，导致他们不能对自身进行很好的定位，最终在竞争中被逐渐同化。“就像大家都去争一个东西，即使你本来并不那么喜欢，也可能被诱惑，甚至以为自己喜欢那个东西。虽然不喜欢紧张的生活，但为了换个环境，大学四年我一直在努力为出国留学考试做准备，现在终于被德国一所不错的大学录取。”

Valley moment think，The current domestic competition is fierce，Affects the young man's independent judgment，Cause they can't own are very good location，Finally, in the competition is gradually assimilation。“Like everyone go to for a thing，Even if you had not so like，May also be tempted，Even think you like that thing。Although don't like intense life，But in order to change the environment，The university for four years, I have been trying to prepare for studying abroad exam，Now finally by German a good college admissions。”

　　

年轻人过于功利会影响自身和社会的发展 The young man too utilitarian will affect their own and the development of the society

　　调查中，26.0%的人认为，“王安忆三嘱”所针对的现象，在社会中都很普遍。

In the investigation，26.0% of the people think，“Wang anyi three told”To phenomenon，In the society are very common。

　　另外，27.7%受访者认为，年轻人“不要尽想着有用”，11.1%的人觉得年轻人“不要过于追求效率”，14.9%的人认同年轻人“不要急于加入竞争”，另有23.8%的人对王安忆的三项嘱咐都很认同。不过，也有12.8%的人都不认同。

In addition，27.7% of respondents thought，Young people“Don't do thinking of useful”，11.1% of the people think that young man“Don't be the pursuit of efficiency”，14.9% of the people agree with young people“Don't rush to join the competition”，Another 23.8% on wang anyi three charged are very identity。but，There are also 12.8% of the people are not identity。

　　民意中国网的一名网友指出，无论是“尽想着有用”，还是“过于追求效率”，或是“急于加入竞争”，这些观念或者行为之所以出现，无非“功利”二字。在整个社会追求功利的环境下，王安忆之嘱可能很难被一些正陶醉在“功利”中的人接受，但这些嘱咐确实值得年轻人和整个社会深思。

China public opinion a net friend pointed out，whether“Do thinking of useful”，or“Too pursuit of efficiency”，or“Eager to join the competition”，These concepts or behavior appear，but“utility”Two words。In the whole society is seeking utilitarian environment，Wang anyi's told can be hard to be some was drinking in“utility”People accept the，But these charge is really a young people and the whole society thinking。

　　年轻人过于功利会产生什么后果？调查中，66.9%的受访者担心，这会导致年轻人缺乏脚踏实地精神；64.1%的人认为这会让年轻人缺乏信仰和理想；59.3%的人认为这会导致钻研于某项事业并做出卓越成果的人越来越少；55.8%的受访者认为这会让社会发展失去后劲。

The young man too utilitarian what consequence can you produce？In the investigation，66.9% of respondents worry，This will lead to young people lack of down-to-earth spirit；64.1% of the people think that this will allow young people lack of faith and ideal；59.3% of the people think that leads to study in a career and make outstanding achievements of fewer and fewer people；55.8% of those surveyed think it would make social development lose stamina。

　　其他后果还有“自身变得日益浅薄”（53.8%）、“素质和能力的片面发展”（51.5%）、“忽视基础知识”（44.0%）、“不能厚积薄发”（40.7%）等。

Other consequences and“Their own become increasingly shallow”（53.8%）、“Quality and ability of the one-sided development”（51.5%）、“Ignore basic knowledge”（44.0%）、“Cannot constructs the”（40.7%）, etc。

　　“如果所有人都不择手段地追求效益，而不进行反思，社会是没有希望的。”王颖吉认为，偏重物质财富积累的价值导向，会偏离社会建设的目的，即使收入很高的人，也可能对社会有怨气，“很多年轻人被这些价值观绑架，痛苦地做着自己不喜欢的事情，拼命追求自己批判的东西，久而久之这会让社会陷入一种精神分裂的状况。”

“If everyone by fair means or foul the pursuit of benefits，Instead of making a reflection，Society is without hope。”WangYingJi think，Lay particular stress on the material wealth accumulated value orientation，Will deviate from the aim of social construction，Even high income people，May also to the society complaints，“Many young people by these values kidnapping，The pain to do the things you don't like yourself，Desperately seek their critical things，As time passes it will make the society into a condition of schizophrenia。”

　　王颖吉指出，王安忆在学生毕业典礼上的忠告是有针对性的。“他认为，教育可以为社会状况的改善埋下希望之种。当前的大学应该继承过去大学的育人宗旨，培养有道德准则、人文关怀、前瞻意识和审美修养的人，教育学生在体制中保持清醒，在能力所及范围内为改变不合理的社会规则做出努力。”

WangYingJi pointed out that，Wang anyi in students' graduation ceremony advice is targeted。“He thinks，Education for the improvement of the social status of buried hope。The current university should inherit the past university educational purpose，Cultivate the moral code、Humanistic care、Prospective consciousness and aesthetic accomplishment of man，Education students in system stay awake，In ability and range in order to change the unreasonable social rules make efforts。”

　　曹立飞认为，年轻人想清楚人生方向很重要。对于那些价值坐标明确并且有条件实现理想的人，进入社会参加竞争是顺其自然的事。对于那些不明白自己想做什么或者目前还没有条件实现理想的年轻人，进入学院继续深造不失为一个好选择。“我打算创业，做自己想做的事。”曹立飞说，他已辞去了高薪的工作，并且考上了工商管理专业的研究生。

CaoLiFei think，Young people want to clear the direction of your life is very important。For those who value coordinate clear and conditional achieve ideal of the people，Enter the society to participate in the competition is let nature take its course。For those who don't know what they want to make, or there is no condition to realize the ideal young man，Enter college for further study is a good choice。“I'm going to venture，Do the things you want to do。”CaoLiFei said，He has resigned from the high salary job，And take an examination of the business management specialized graduate student。