你能想象出胡适、刘半农等被聘为教授时的年龄吗？

Can you imagine hu shi、LiuBanNong are employed as the age？

　　二十六、七岁。

26、Seven years old。

　　在1918年北京大学选聘的217个教员中，90个教授，教授平均年龄30来岁。对其中76人的统计显示，50岁以上6人，35岁以下43人。而梁漱溟投考北大落选，但曾在《东方杂志》上发表过《究元决疑论》，为蔡元培所赏识，被聘为北京大学的印度哲学教席。那一年，他24岁。

In 1918 Beijing university hiring 217 faculty in，90 a professor，Professor average age of 30 years old。The 76 statistics show，Six people over the age of 50，35 years old the following 43 people。Liang shu-ming's records and the election of Peking University，But once at《Oriental magazine》Has been published on《Investigate yuan casuistry》，For by CAI yuanpei recognition，Be employed as Beijing university of Hindu philosophy teaching mat。That year，He 24 years old。

　　“从那个时代走出来的梁漱溟、胡适、陈独秀、刘半农、朱希祖、徐悲鸿……如今，哪一个提起来不都是如雷贯耳。”大学教师吴梓同一口气说出来。这时，他已年过40，刚刚评上副教授。

“From that time to come out of liang shu-ming、Hu shi、Chen duxiu、LiuBanNong、ZhuXiZu、Xu beihong...now，Which one to mention all are not like a thunderclap piercing the ear。”University teachers with a sigh of relief WuZi say it out。At this time，He has over 40 years，Just on associate professor。

　　“一个我很敬重的长者这样告诉我：把职称评好，再做你想做的事情。其实，当他说出这句话的时候，我能体会到他内心的情绪。”

“A I respected elders told me：The title assessment of good，To do the things you want to do。In fact，When he say this sentence，I can realize his inner emotions。”

　　“为什么我们不能从从容容地做事情呢？”

“Why can't we deliberately do things？”

谁来评价学术？ Who to evaluate academic？

　　评职称，看什么？毫无疑问，是看一个人的学术水平。

Professional evaluation，See what？There is no doubt that，Is to see a person's academic level。

　　中国社科院哲学所研究员刘培育讲了一个还称不上遥远的故事：上世纪80年代，中国社科院世界宗教所招收研究人员。任继愈先生做主考官，有一位远道而来的应聘者，前来面试答辩，他并不认识任先生。任先生说，你讲讲藏传因明吧。听了他的讲解，任先生大为赞赏，将他破格评为研究员。可这位应聘者当时连讲师也不是，也没有什么文章。

By the Chinese academy of social sciences researcher at the philosophy LiuPeiYu told a also do not say to go up distant story：In the 1980 s，The Chinese academy of religious world for researchers。Mr. RenJiYu do I，There is a come a long way candidates，Come for an interview defense，He doesn't know any sir。Said Mr. Let，You about Tibetan's teachings。Listen to his explanation，Mr. As admiring，Will he abnormality as researchers。Can the applicant when even the lecturer is not，No articles。

　　而现在，报纸上一个个负面新闻，让刘培育对职称评审越来越看不懂了。这样一件单纯的事情为何越来越复杂？这样一件干净的事情为何变得越来越混浊？

And now，The newspaper a negative news，Let LiuPeiYu to title appraisal more and more look not to understand。Such a simple thing why more and more complicated？Such a clean thing why become more and more cloudy？

　　“表面看，好像评聘工作组织健全，但是问题恰恰在于，教师职称评聘组织不是由专业水平领先和学术水平领先的教师组成，而是由校长、书记、副校长、中层管理者组成。在这种情况下，所谓群众推荐实际上演化成了个人关系，量化打分演化成了形式，领导小组评议演化成了关系亲疏之争，择优推荐也就演化成了校长说了算。”兰州某中学教师马得清告诉记者。

“Surface see，Like work organization assessment sound，But the problem is just，Teachers' title assessment organization is not the leading professional level and academic level of the leading of teachers，But by the principal、secretary、Vice President、Middle managers composition。In this case，The so-called recommended in fact evolution became a personal relationship，Quantitative scoring evolved into form，Leading group jointly evolution became a relationship or struggle，Preferred recommended also evolution became the principal have the final say。”Lanzhou some middle school teachers MaDeQing told reporters。

　　“在大学里，学术委员会是有，但基本上没有发言权，一个校级领导的指导性意见就会影响整个评比。”吴梓同表示，“搞职称评审，我们想得到什么？显然，公平、水平是最重要的。重学术同行评议是应该迈出的第一步。”

“In the university，Academic committee is，But basically no right to speak，A field rank leadership the opinions will affect the whole appraisal。”WuZi said with，“Make title appraisal，We want to get？obviously，fair、Level is the most important。Heavy academic peer-reviewed should take the first step。”

是论文量化还是“一文定乾坤”？ The paper quantitative or“Are fixed qiankun”？

　　当年，储朝晖是背着自己一麻袋的著作和发表论文的期刊评上正高职称的。他知道，如他一般的后来者没有如此被“眷顾”。

the，Store from zhaohui is carry his own a sack of books and published journals on orthometric professional titles。He knew，As he general successor is not so“visit”。

　　如果赶上复旦大学在高级职称评定中推行的“代表作”制度，他可就轻松多了。只要拿得出过硬的研究成果，并通过专家组的严格评审，哪怕是只发表一篇论文，不管多年轻，都有机会当教授！

If catch up with the fudan university in senior professional title evaluation of implementation“masterpiece”system，He is much more relaxed。As long as produced good results，And through the expert group strict review，Even if it is just published a paper，No matter how young，All organic'll be a professor！

　　据了解，“代表作”制度的基本做法是，在高级职务聘任过程中，现有学校和院系制定的学术标准难以判别的、少数真正优秀的申请人，可以自主向学院提出申请并提交1—3篇代表作。学院学术评估通过后，由学校随机选择5位校外具有较高学术声望的学者，如学科带头人、院士等，匿名对申请人是否“真正优秀”“能否破格”“是否胜任”等问题进行学术评估。根据专家的学术意见，决定是否同意候选人参加竞聘。这样，人事方面的学术权力更多地回归给院系及其学术委员会、教授委员会。学校在各学科学术委员会的支持下，开始按学科领域设立和完善专家库，目前总计有1000多位专家入库。不论是设定启动“代表作评审制度”的门槛、校外同行评审，还是校内按学科评议、投票，都是同行主导学术评价。各院系都有自主设定标准和程序细节的权力，人事部门只是根据设定的程序提供服务和保障。

It is understood，“masterpiece”The basic practice is the system，In the high position in the process of employment，The existing schools and departments develop academic standard is difficult to discrimination、A few really good the applicant，Can apply to the independent institute and submit 1-3 article masterpiece。College academic evaluation after through，The school random selection five external has higher academic prestigious scholars，As the leader in the field of、Academician, etc，Anonymous to the applicant“Really good”“Can abnormality”“Is up to”Problems such as academic evaluation。According to the expert academic opinions，To decide whether to agree to candidates to participate in competition。this，Personnel aspects of academic power more regression to departments and the academic committee、Committee of professors。The school in every subject under the support of academic committee，The order to start the discipline establishment and perfect expert database，At present a total of more than 1000 experts warehousing。Whether set start“Magnum opus evaluation system”threshold、External peer review，Or the evaluation according to the subject、vote，Are peer leading academic evaluation。Each department have independent setting standards and procedures detail power，Personnel department is according to a set of program providing services and security。

　　“代表作”制度的核心就是“由同行主导的学术评估”，它更加注重科研的原创性，学者不再依靠论文数量，而是以质量取胜。这无疑是对当下职称评审制度的纠正。当然，这对主评者的学术水平和道德风范也提出了更高的要求。

“masterpiece”The core of the system is“Leading by the counterparts of the academic evaluation”，It pay more attention to scientific research of the original，Scholars no longer rely on paper quantity，But to the quality win。This is without a doubt about the current title appraisal system of corrective actions。Of course，The main evaluation of the academic level and moral leadership also put forward higher request。

　　多年前，周国平就表示，我们衡量一个研究生的学绩，只能根据学生的整体情况包括学位论文所体现的思想学术价值进行考察，着重看独立研究的能力和贡献。谁来考察？当然是他的老师以及相关领域的专家。

Years ago，Zhou guoping said，We measure a graduate student learning performance，Only according to the student's overall situation including degree thesis embodies the thought academic value to carry on the inspection，Mainly see independent research ability and contribution。Who to investigate？Of course is his teacher, and related fields of experts。

　　这同样适用于对大学教师的评价。

The same applies to the evaluation of university teachers。

　　“大学的校长应该是知人善任的教育家，其使命是招才纳贤，组织起一支优秀的教师队伍，为他们提供自由的环境，使他们拥有治学和影响学生的充分权力。校长是真正懂教育的，教授是真正优秀而且有权威的，职称评审就不是问题了。”周国平感慨。

“The President of the university should be restraining educators，Its mission is to recruit to accept Yin，Organization up excellent teachers，To offer them free environment，That they have research and influence students' full power。The headmaster is really understand the education，Professor is really good and authoritative，Title appraisal is not the problem。”Zhou guoping regrets。

　　“什么是衡量人才的标准？不同的门类应有不同的评价。还是应该同行评价：比如教育学需要大同行，再细到教育心理学就需要小同行。衡量人才应该大同行和小同行相结合，组成专家委员会，给予最客观公正、最有说服力的评价。”中国人民大学教授程方平表示，职称评审的制度从表面看没有很大的漏洞，却让潜规则从幕后走到台前。他认为，这是缺乏监督所致，制度设计挺好，却没想到不正之风也会与时俱进。

“What is the standard of measure of talent？Different categories should have different evaluation。Or should peer evaluation：Such as education need big colleague，Then fine to education psychology will need to small counterparts。Measure talents should be big colleague and small combined together，Composition committee of experts，Give the most objective and fair、Most persuasive evaluation。”China people's university professor ChengFangPing said，Title appraisal system from the surface don't see a lot of loopholes，But let the latent rules from behind the went to the seat。He thinks，This is caused by a lack of supervision，System design is good，But unexpectedly unhealthy tendency will keep pace with The Times。

　　他告诉记者，早先职称评审的时间比较长，相对客观，但原来能做到的“认真负责”现在做不到了。比如博士生论文，以前教授很久才看一本，现在教授一天看五六本，只能粗看。其实看看国外，他们的很多制度并没有国内严密，他们考大学都可以教授推荐。因为，国外的教授如果一天看几本博士论文、学生程度不好也推荐，很快就会有诚信记录，他在学术圈里是无法立足的。反观国内教授，由于没人管而得过且过。没有约束、没有监督的制度是没用的。我们一直在出台新政策，为什么没用？因为一没有监督、二没有奖励，尤其缺乏利益相关者的监督。在缺乏监督的制度下，不少行政领导无论学术水平如何都给自己办个教授职称，这是值得深思的。

He told reporters，Previous title appraisal is longer，Relatively objective，But the original can do“responsible”Now do not to。Such as doctoral thesis，Professor before long will see a book，Now professor one day to see the five or six，Can only coarse see。Actually see foreign，Many of their system and no domestic closely，They take an examination of university professor can be recommended。because，Foreign professor if one day see a few of the doctoral dissertation、Students degree is bad also recommended，Soon there'll be credit record，He in the academic circles is unable to stand。In professor domestic，Because nobody tube and muddle along。No constraint、No supervision system is useless。We have been in the new policies，Why no？Because a no supervision、2 no reward，Especially the lack of the supervision of the stakeholders。In the absence of supervision system，A lot of administrative leadership no matter how academic level to their do a professor title，This is worthy of thinking deeply。

　　储朝晖表示，对待职称评审，我们需要有理性的态度，要看到各方面都在不断探索求解，问题的关键是要逐步让同行评审成为主导，让行政力量慢慢消退。“第三方专业评价系统是彻底根治卖版面和学术腐败的根本和长久之计。对于眼前问题的应急之策不外两点：一是加大对违规报纸和期刊的惩罚力度；二是提高职称评定或绩效评价过程的开放度、参与度、透明度，使同行和相关当事人有更多的机会参与监督，让灰暗部分都被阳光照到。”

Store from zhaohui said，Treat title appraisal，We need a rational attitude，Want to see in all aspects continuously explore solution，The key to the problem is to gradually make the peer review become dominant，Let the administrative power slowly subsidise。“The third party professional evaluation system is the effect a radical cure thoroughly sell layout and the basic academic corruption and permanent solution。For the problems at the moment of emergency for nothing more than two：One is to strengthen the illegal newspapers and periodicals of the penalty；The second is to improve the professional title evaluation or performance evaluation process of openness、participation、transparency，Colleagues and related parties have more opportunities to participate in supervision，Let gloomy part are the sunlight。”

职称是待遇还是岗位？ The title is treatment or post？

　　“学问便是铸器的工具，抛弃了学问便是毁了你们自己。”胡适的话，隐约会在吴梓同耳边响起。

“Learning is the casting mould，Forsake learning, and you will ruin yourself。”Hu shi words，In WuZi faint with ear rings。

　　“看看学校的职称评比标准，几年就一个变化，而且是越来越严，这对年轻老师非常不利。”吴梓同说，“新来的一些名牌大学的老师，他们的研究水平并不弱，一个上世纪80年代评上的教授并不见得就比现在一个讲师水平高。然而这群正值创造力勃发年龄的人，很多处于郁闷、浮躁之中。”

“Look at the school title appraisal standard，Few years a change，And it is more and more severe，The young teacher is very adverse。”WuZi said with，“The new some famous university teacher，Their research level is not weak，A 1980 s on professor doesn't mean they now than a lecturer level is high。However, this group of positive creativity prosperous age，Many in the depressed、Fickleness of。”

　　“做学问就是做人，把眼光放远一点，你要对得起自己的生命，以真性情做真学问，让自己真正得到提高，也就感到快乐。”尽管也曾面临量化指标的问题，但周国平还是坦然面对。

“A scholar is person，Look farther a little，You have to be strong his own life，With true nature do true knowledge，Let oneself really improved，Also feel happy。”Although it is once faced the problem of quantitative index，But zhou guoping or embrace。

　　发表了大量哲理散文，不能算作学术成果，周国平依然欣然为之。对于自己的学术和写作，他用两个坐标来衡量：一是在自己人生中的价值，二是在人类文化和社会现实中的价值，“其余概不重要”。“我写我喜欢写的东西，这本身是莫大享受，我不会因为利益考虑而放弃这个享受。”他说。

Published a large number of philosophical prose，Can't count as academic achievements，Zhou guoping still readily to。For their own academic and writing，He two coordinates to measure：One is in their own life value，The second is the human culture and the value of social reality，“The rest is not important”。“I write I like to write something，This in itself is a great enjoyment，I won't because of interests and give up the enjoy。”He said。

　　“也就这么一二十年，职称评审变得匪夷所思。真希望能早点成为历史，回归到纯净的学术环境里，安然地做自己心仪的事情。”中国科学技术大学原党委书记郭传杰这样认为。“要淡化职称的作用。比如在中国科学院，前些年我们评、聘是分开的。你有这个职称，聘与不聘要看综合素质。要让职称回归学术本质，不要跟利益死死地、紧紧地挂在一起。”

“And so in one hundred and twenty，Title appraisal become unthinkable。I hope to become early history，Return to the pure academic environment，Enron to do the right things themselves。”University of science and technology of China former secretary of the party committee GuoChuanJie think so。“To ignore the role of the title。For example, in the Chinese academy of sciences，Before some year we review、Wanted is separate。Do you have this title，Employment and wanted to see the comprehensive quality。To make the title regression academic essence，Don't issued the interests、Tightly hang together。”

　　储朝晖也有同感：有些国外大学实行教授职位的岗位制，只要能胜任这个岗位的工作，就可以成为教授。最关键的是要在大学里建立这样一种价值取向：谁走在探索科学真理的前面，就把谁作为团队的领队。

Store from zhaohui also have the same feeling：Some foreign university professor of the position GangWeiZhi，As long as qualified for this position，Can become a professor。The key is to be in the university to establish such a value orientation：Who walk in front of the explore scientific truth，Who took as a team leader。

　　(本报记者 姚晓丹 靳晓燕 谢 文)

(Our reporter YaoXiaoDan JinXiaoYan xie wen)