名校结盟掩不住暗战的火药味 School alliances can not cover dark war strong

　　在2011年，自主招生的公众关注度空前提高。这与众多名牌大学火药味十足的“结盟”和“退盟”有关。

In 2011，Autonomous enrollment public attention unprecedented increase。This and many famous university the smell of gunpowder dye-in-the-wood“alliance”and“Back union”relevant。

　　2006年，北京交通大学、北京邮电大学等5所在京高校实行自主招生笔试的联合考试。在当时并未引起多大关注。但2011年，清华大学联合上海交通大学、中国科技大学等高校参与的7校联考，北京大学联合北京航空航天大学、香港大学等高校的13校联考，让联考升温成为公共话题。

In 2006,，Beijing jiaotong university、Beijing university of post and telecommunications university in Beijing five independent recruitment written joint examination。At that time did not cause much attention。But in 2011，Tsinghua university joint Shanghai jiaotong university、University of science and technology of China to participate in the 7 school entrance exam，Beijing university joint Beijing university of aeronautics and astronautics、The university of Hong Kong university, such as 13 school entrance exam，Let the entrance exam warming become public topic。

　　两大联考组织分别被称为“华约”和“北约”。随后，天津大学、同济大学、哈尔滨工业大学等9所以工科见长的学校组建起“卓越联盟”，将两大阵营对峙变为“三国杀”局面。

Two big entrance exam organization were called“Warsaw pact treaty”and“NATO”。then，Tianjin university、Tongji university、Harbin industrial university, therefore in the engineering school set up“Excellence alliance”，Will two camps confrontation into“Triple kill”situation。

　　这一年春季，三大联盟分别举行了自主招生笔试。过程并不像它们公开声称的那样完美。联考确实减轻了考生的成本，但一些中学校长和考生抱怨，联考不是高考前针对尖子生的一次小高考吗？就连考场的画面都与高考相似。

This year the spring，Three major league held respectively independent recruitment written examination。Process is not as they professed that perfect。Entrance exam really reduce the cost of the examinee，But some high school principal and the examinee complain，Entrance exam is not the university entrance exam for top student before a small college entrance examination？Even the examination room picture with the university entrance exam is similar。

　　即使在联盟内部，也有一些高校是“迫于形势”被动加入的。有高校招生办公室主任对中国青年报记者表示，不加入则可能被边缘化，一所学校对考生的吸引力很难与捆绑在一起的多校相比。另一方面，教育部鼓励试点高校探索多元的选拔方式，高校统一出题考试，算不算一种倒退？

Even in the union，There are also some colleges and universities are“Under the situation”Passive join。Have college admissions office director of the China youth daily reporters，Don't join is likely to be marginalized，A school of examinee's attraction is difficult to bind together with more than the school。On the other hand，The ministry of education to encourage pilot college explore diverse selection mode，The unified on the exam，Calculate do not calculate a step backward？

　　更为戏剧性的一幕出现在年底。12月1日、2日，南开大学和复旦大学相继宣布，2012年不会参加联考。根据两校的解释，并非联盟内部产生矛盾，而是两校根据各自的人才培养方案，推出了新的招生改革方案，希望通过自主选拔，招到真正符合本校理念的学生。

More dramatic scene appeared in the end of the year。On December 1,、2,，Nankai university and fudan university announced one after another，2012 not attend the entrance exam。According to the explanation of the two schools，Not union internal contradiction，But the two schools in accordance with their respective the cultivation plan for the talented people，Introduced a new recruit students reform plan，Hope that through independent selection，Recruit to accord with the real idea of students。

　　复旦大学校方表示，反对围绕分数线做文章，甚至把招生政策作为争取高分生源的手段。该校还表示要“真正用好自主权”。

Fudan university officials said，Against a fractional line around，Even the admissions policy for high marks as a means of students。The school also said to“With good real autonomy”。

　　2011年下半年，由于教育部批复较迟，各大高校迟迟未能公布自主招生方案。这引起了很多猜测。一个流传的消息称，教育部可能会拆散自主招生联考。

The second half of 2011，Due to the ministry of education approval late，Universities released delayed autonomous enrollment plan。This caused a lot of speculation。A popular news said，The ministry of education may unravel autonomous enrollment entrance exam。

　　这个传闻随着教育部官方通知的下发不攻自破。通知中的一句表态让几个联盟松了一口气，“继续探索部分试点高校联考”。

The rumours with the ministry of education official notice issued by the collapse of itself。Notice of a comment let several league breathed a sigh of relief，“Continue to explore part pilot college entrance exam”。

　　即使在联考高校内部，关于联考变相垄断生源、抢夺尖子生的批评也不鲜见。由于中学推荐自主招生的生源与高考尖子生的重合度极高，高校事实上是在高考前预先“筛选”一遍尖子生。北大和清华几乎垄断了联考能招到的成绩最好的学生，其他学校只能退而求其次。

Even in the internal entrance exam，About the entrance exam in disguised form monopoly germ、Rob top student criticism is not rare。Due to the high school students and the recommended independent recruit students of the university entrance exam top student high contact ratio，Universities are in fact the university entrance exam in advance before“screening”Again top student。Peking University and tsinghua university is almost a monopoly of entrance exam to recruit the best student achievement，Other schools can only settle for second best。

　　在南开大学和复旦大学“单飞”之后，也有高校招生负责人私下表示，后悔没有退出联考。

In nankai university and fudan university“solo”after，Also have college admissions officers privately said，Regret not exit entrance exam。

质疑自主招生不等于反对高考改革 Question autonomous enrollment is not equal to against the university entrance exam reform

　　更重要的是，自主招生联考在“自主”探索方面没有明显进步。用北大11位教授的话来说，始终还是一种“唯高考分数论”的招生体制。在这种体制下，即便是北大也只能被动地接受数量有限的高分考生的挑选。为了所谓“社会声誉”和生源分数线排名，各高校招生不是各取所需、量才录用，而是演变为一场拉高分考生和抢“状元”，比分数线高低，甚至比奖学金数额的混战。“我们对此十分忧虑。”

More important is，Autonomous enrolment in the entrance exam“independent”There were no significant exploration progress。With Peking University and a professor words，Still a“And college entrance examination fraction theory”Enrollment system。In such a system，Even north can only passively accept a limited number of high scores the examinee selection。For the sake of so-called“Social reputation”Student score and ranking，Each college enrollment is not what they really need、LiangCaiLuYong，But evolution as a pitch up points the examinee and rob“champions”，Height than fractional line，Even more than the scholarship amount of scrimmage。“We are a very worrying。”

　　2011年高考过后，复旦大学和上海交大的隔空骂战多少反映了这一现状。复旦大学首先指责“上海某理工类高校”冒充复旦招办致电考生，称学校与该学生签订的招生协议已被取消，并劝说学生更改志愿选择其他学校。上海交大则回应，“有高校招生老师在招生宣传中肆意贬低上海交大”。

2011 years after the college entrance examination，Fudan university and Shanghai jiaotong university's telekinesis scold war many reflects the current situation。Fudan university first of all blame“Shanghai some universities of science and engineering”Pretend to be fudan manages the call，Says the school and the student enrollment signed agreement has been cancelled，And persuade students change volunteer choose other schools。Shanghai jiaotong university is response，“A teacher in college enrollment in the recruitment of students propaganda wanton detract from Shanghai jiaotong university”。

　　火药味还体现在“华约”、“北约”的联考时间上它们宣布，2012年的笔试都在2月11日，考生只能“非此即彼”。

The smell of gunpowder also reflected in“Warsaw pact treaty”、“NATO”The entrance exam time they announced，2012 years of written examination in February 11,，Examinee can only“alternatively”。

　　既然自主选拔录取是高考制度的“重要补充”，就像针对高考一样，2011年，“市场”已经学会从自主招生中掘金。清华大学招生办公室不得不声明，清华从未举办任何形式的自主招生培训班。原因是，该校多次接到学生举报，有公司在学校附近以清华名义举办自主招生培训班。

Since the independent selection admission is the university entrance exam system“Important supplement”，As for the university entrance exam，In 2011,，“market”Learned from the autonomous enrolment the Denver nuggets。Tsinghua university admissions office have to declare，Tsinghua never held any form of independent recruitment of students training。Reason is，The school received many students to report，The company near the school to tsinghua nominal hold independent recruitment of students training。

　　而关于高考改革，教育部考试中心主任戴家干2011年发表了一篇引人关注的文章。他列举了两派极端观点：有人建议取消全国统一考试，代之以各高校完全的自主招生。有人则呼吁取消自主招生等高考政策，使高考回归“唯分数论”，实行全国统一命题、评卷、录取的绝对“大一统”。

And about the university entrance exam reform，The ministry of education test center director wear home dry 2011 published an article of public attention。He lists the sent two extreme views：It is suggested that cancel the unified national examination，Replaced with various universities fully autonomous enrollment。Someone is calling for autonomous enrolment cancel such as the university entrance exam policy，Make the university entrance exam regression“Only fraction theory”，Implement the national unified proposition、quandary、Admission absolute“united”。

　　他说，两派都存在显而易见的弊端。教育相对发达的英、美、俄、日、韩等国家，纷纷改革和完善考试制度，总体上呈现出“统一考试和多元评价相结合”的发展方向。这也是当今世界考试制度改革发展的总体趋势。

He said，Two groups have obvious disadvantages。Education is relatively developed British、beauty、Russia、day、Korea and other countries，Have to reform and perfect examination system，On the whole show“Unified exam and multiple evaluation based on”The development direction of the。This is also the world today examination system reform and development trends。

　　在“985”工程重点建设大学中，中国农业大学是少有的不申请开展自主招生的学校。该校校长柯炳生2010年、2011年两次在该校网站撰写长文，阐述自己的观点。

in“985”Key construction project in the university，China agricultural university is one of the few don't apply to carry out independent recruitment of students school。The school's headmaster, KeBingSheng in 2010、In 2011 two times in this school website deregulation plan to write，Expounds his views。

　　在柯炳生看来，现在的自主招生实践，仍然同当初的期望相差甚远。有关高考改革，似乎形成了一种氛围，“对自主招生提出疑问，就有反对改革之嫌，就是保守”。他强调，自己并不是要否定高校的自主招生权力，更不是反对自主招生所要实现的目标，而是认为现在的做法需要改进和改革。

In KeBingSheng seems，Now the independent recruit students practice，With still was a far cry from what expected。Relevant college entrance examination reform，Seems to form a kind of atmosphere，“To question autonomous enrolment，There is opposition to reform too，Is conservative”。He stressed that，His is not to deny the independent college admissions power，More is not against the independent recruit students to achieve the objectives，But it now needs to be improved and the practice of the reform。

　　他说，如果每个大学都自己组织考试，成本巨大，技术上也无法实现。因此，国家必须介入，这就是全国统考制度产生的原因，美国等国家都存在一定形式的国家统一高考。“这些考试的结果，尽管不一定是唯一的录取根据，却都是最重要的根据。高分不是上名校的充分条件，但却是必要条件。”

He said，If each university themselves organization examination，Cost huge，Technology also is unable to realize。therefore，Countries must be involved in，This is the national unified examination system causes，The United States and other countries have some form of national unity the university entrance exam。“These the result of the exam，Although not necessarily is the only admit according to，They are the most important according to。High marks in school is not sufficient condition，But it is necessary condition。”

　　这位校长不断提醒说，如果不对现行的高考制度的合理性有清醒的认识，就有可能提出一些方案，不仅不能解决高考制度现有的局限性，而且效果比现在的高考还不如；不仅不能弥补高考的短处，而且还会损害高考的长处公平性。这是值得警觉的。

The headmaster constantly reminds said，If not the rationality of the system of active the university entrance exam a clear understanding，It is possible to put forward some solutions，Not only can't solve the university entrance exam system existing limitations，And the effect of the university entrance exam than now as well；Not only can make up for the university entrance exam shortcoming，But also will damage the university entrance exam strengths fairness。This is worth alert。

　　从2001年南京6所高校的试点算起，自主招生研究者刘进将2011年算作我国当前自主招生模式的第十个年头。在他看来，十年后的高校自主招生制度“走到了一个十字路口”局中人必须在改与不改、大改或小改、往何处改的战略性问题上作出抉择。

From 2001 nanjing 6 universities of pilot count，The researchers LiuJin autonomous enrolment will be 2011 years as the current model of autonomous enrolment in the first ten years。In his view，After ten years of university autonomous enrollment system“Came to a crossroads”Player must change and do not change、Big change or major、Where the change of strategic issues of making a choice。