2011年11月，一项规模宏大的“农村义务教育学生营养改善计划”正式启动，根据《国务院办公厅关于实施农村义务教育学生营养改善计划的意见》，在全国22个省(区、市)的集中连片特殊困难地区共计699个县，按照每人每天3元的标准，中央财政每年将投入专款约160亿元实施营养改善计划，惠及近2600万名农村学生。

In November 2011,A large-scale"Rural compulsory education students nutrition improvement plan"Official start,According to[The general office of the state council concerning the implementation of rural compulsory education students nutrition improvement opinion],22 provinces in the country(area/city)The concentrated special difficult areas total of 699 counties,According to the standard of 3 yuan per person a day,The central government will invest in funds every year about 16 billion yuan implement nutrition improvement plan,Benefits 26 million rural students.

　　该计划至今已实施了10个月，有多少农村孩子吃上营养餐，哪些环节有待完善？负责该项计划具体实施的教育部全国农村义务教育学生营养改善计划领导小组(以下简称“全国学生营养办”记者注)有关负责人近日就这些问题，接受了中国青年报记者的独家专访。

The plan has been carried out 10 months,How many rural children eat nutrient food,Which links to be perfect?Responsible for the concrete implementation plan of rural compulsory education students by the education ministry nutrition improvement plan leading group(Hereinafter referred to as"National student nutrition to do"Reporter note)Officials recently on these issues,Accept the China youth daily reporter's exclusive interview.

2243.26万学生受益 2243.26 students benefit

　　“2008年和2009年对中西部13个省、自治区、直辖市部分农村寄宿学生的调查发现，近一半的学生不能保证每天3顿饭。一个月中，1/3的学生吃不到肉，2/3的学生吃不到鸡蛋，4/5的学生喝不到牛奶……从而导致这些学生营养缺乏病的发病率较高，平均身高普遍低于城市同龄学生。”

"In 2008 and 2009, 13 provinces in the Midwest/Autonomous region/Part of the rural boarding students municipality directly under the survey found,Nearly half of the students can't guarantee three meals every day.A month,One third of the students could not eat meat,Two-thirds of the students to eat less than eggs,4/5 of the students cannot drink milk...Leading to these students deficiency disease incidence is higher,Generally lower than the average height and age city students."

　　这是启动农村义务教育学生营养改善计划的原因所在。

This is the start of rural compulsory education students nutrition improvement plan of the reason.

　　全国学生营养办有关负责人告诉中国青年报记者，这一计划通俗地讲，就是中央财政在六盘山地区、秦巴山区、武陵山区、乌蒙山区、滇桂黔石漠化区等11个集中连片特困地区和西藏、新疆等地州的试点县，为农村(不含县城)义务教育阶段的学生，提供每人每天3元、全年600元的营养膳食补助，以帮助这些孩子“吃上营养均衡的饭”。该计划覆盖近10万所农村中小学校，涉及近2600万名学生，占中西部农村学生总人数的近30%。

National student nutrition do concerned person in charge told the China youth daily reporter,This plan generally speaking,Is the central financial prospectlog in mount liupanshan area/qinba/Wuling mountainous area/WuMengShanOu/Yunnan guangxi guizhou rocky desertification area and 11 concentrated destitute areas and Tibet/Xinjiang ShiDianXian of ground state,For the rural(Do not contain county)Compulsory education stage of the students,Provide 3 yuan per person a day/Annual 600 yuan nutrition meal allowance,To help these children"Eat a balanced meal".The program covers nearly 100000 rural primary and middle schools,In nearly 26 million students,The Midwest rural students accounted for nearly 30% of the total number.

　　全国学生营养办最新通报显示，到目前为止，已开始实施计划的试点县共有677个，占96.85%。已实施计划的学校有94139所，占93.63%。受益学生达到2243.26万人，达到应覆盖学生总数的90.93%。截至6月底，中央财政已拨出营养膳食补助专项资金170亿元。

National student nutrition do the latest bulletin shows,So far,Has started to carry out the program ShiDianXian 677,Accounted for 96.85%.Already planned school there are 94139,Accounted for 93.63%.Benefit students up to 22.4326 million people,Achieve shall cover 90.93% of the total number of students.By the end of June,The central government has allocated nutrition meal allowance special capital of 17 billion yuan.

　　“改善孩子们的营养，3元的标准是不是有点低？”针对网民的质疑，全国学生营养办有关负责人告诉记者，营养改善计划强调的不是免费吃上饭，而是改善营养，是在现有政策基础上“做加法”。该负责人说：“现行的还有‘一补’政策，即对农村义务教育阶段家庭经济困难的寄宿生进行补助，标准是小学生每人每天4元，初中生每人每天5元。两项政策并行，对试点地区农村家庭经济困难的学生来说，就变成了小学生每人每天7元，初中生每人每天8元。一年算下来，人均能达到1600元～1850元。”

"Improve the children's nutrition,3 yuan standard is a little low?"According to the question of Internet users,National student nutrition do concerned person in charge told reporters,Nutrition improvement plan stresses is not free to eat food,But to improve the nutritional,In the existing policy is based on"add".This person in charge said:"Current and‘A complement’policy,That for rural compulsory education stage family economic difficult boarder on subsidies,Standard is 4 yuan per person a day pupils,Junior high school student 5 yuan per person a day.Two policy parallel,The pilot area of rural family economic difficult students,Becomes a pupil 7 yuan per person a day,Junior high school student 8 yuan per person a day.A year is down,Per capita will reach 1600 yuan to 1850 yuan."

　　统计数据显示，2010年我国农村居民年人均食品消费支出1801元，试点贫困地区实际则低于这一“平均线”。

Statistics show,In 2010, in the rural residents per capita food consumption spending 1801 yuan,Pilot poverty area is lower than the actual one"Average line".

　　据悉，“一补”政策一年需财政投入资金140多亿元，加上营养改善计划的财政投入，两项合计每年将达到300多亿元。“这300多亿元是年年都有、只增不减的。”全国学生营养办有关负责人说。

It is reported,"A complement"Policy should be a year financial investment capital more than 140 yuan,Add nutrition improvement plan financial investment,Two aggregate each year will reach more than 300 yuan."This is more than 300 yuan every year there are/Just kept growing of."National student nutrition do concerned person in charge said.

　　他还告诉中国青年报记者，每年160亿元补助资金，是按照试点县的农村实际中小学生人头数“做足预算”的，走的是财政专户，在中央-省-市-县-乡-学校这条线里封闭运行，“地方没有专项资金的压力”。

He also told the China youth daily reporter,Every year 16 billion yuan subsidy funds,According to the actual ShiDianXian rural primary and secondary schools capita strangers"Do sufficient budget"of,Go is finance only door,In the central - province - city - county - township - school in this line closed operation,"Place where there is no special fund pressure".

哪些因素阻碍“开餐” Factors hinder"Open meal"

　　截至今年8月底，全国学生营养办共接到举报电话和邮件94个。其中，约1/3反映当地“未开餐”，约1/4反映食品“质差量少”。

By the end of August this year,National student nutrition do altogether receives reports 94 phone calls and e-mails.the,1/3 reflects the local"Not open meal",About a quarter reflects food"Mass differential less".

　　全国学生营养办最新通报也显示，目前，黑龙江省已实施的县数不足计划的20%，内蒙古、江西、河南三地还没有全面实施。

National student nutrition do the latest bulletin also showed,At present,Heilongjiang province of the implementation of the county has inadequate number of 20% of the plan,Inner Mongolia/jiangxi/Henan is not the full implementation of the three.

　　在全国学生营养办有关负责人看来，阻碍学校“开餐”的，既有地方政府不够重视等主观原因，也有校舍条件不足和地方财政缺少配套经费的客观因素。

In the national student nutrition do concerned controller looks,Hinder school"Open meal"of,Both the local government and other subjective reasons enough attention,Also have school condition insufficiency and the local finance supporting funds lack of objective factors.

　　“教育部等15部门共同印发的《实施细则》指出：‘营养改善计划在国务院统一领导下，实行地方为主，分级负责制’。地方是推进主体，但一些地方政府重视程度不够，工作落实不力。”他表示，比如黑龙江省不按时上报实施方案备案；贵州省织金县工商、卫生等职能部门在营养早餐招标时，不对供货商进行资格审查，关键时候投弃权票；广西壮族自治区那坡县、陕西省商洛市有关部门工作拖拉，媒体曝光后才将营养补助资金拨付到位。

"The ministry of education and other 15 departments jointly issued by[Detailed rules for the implementation of the]Pointed out that:‘Nutrition improvement plan in under the unified leadership of the state council,Give priority to a place,Classification responsibility system’.Place is promoting subject,But some local government attention degree is not enough,Poor work carries out."He said,Such as heilongjiang province reported not on time implementation plan for the record;Zhijin county guizhou province commerce/Health and other functional departments in nutritional breakfast when the tender,Wrong to examine the qualifications of the supplier,The key to abstain;The guangxi zhuang autonomous region that slope county/Shaanxi paper relevant municipal departments work drag,Media exposure before will nutrition subsidies allocated funds in place.

　　全国学生营养办有关负责人同时指出，“未开餐”也有客观因素试点地区多为贫困、民族、边远地区，经济社会发展落后，“执行力”相对较弱。“我们在调研中看到，一些偏远山区的学校，连自来水都喝不上，指望它立即提供营养餐是不太现实的。”

National student nutrition do concerned controller also pointed out,"Not open meal"Also have objective factors pilot areas for poverty/national/Remote areas,Economic and social development lag behind,"execution"Relatively weak."We see in the research,Some remote mountain school,Even running water all can not drink,Expect it immediately provide nutrient food is not too realistic."

　　记者了解到，目前，该计划主要采取学校食堂供餐、企业供餐、家庭(个人)托餐三种方式。但最被提倡的食堂供餐，却屡屡遭遇农村学校“没钱建食堂”的困局。

The reporter understands,At present,The plan is mainly take the school canteen meals/Enterprise for meal/family(personal)Joe eat three ways.But the most be advocate of the dining room for meal,But often encounter the rural schools"Have no money to build the dining room"Of this.

　　“食堂供餐，能最大程度地保证补助资金用于学生膳食，食品安全也在学校监控范围内，但在中西部，相当一部分农村学校没有食堂，就算有，条件也跟不上，比如厨房、餐具和饮用水达不到标准，没有餐饮许可证。因此，这种供餐方式目前只占54%。”他告诉记者，“有34%要委托有资质的企业供餐，还有12%要委托家庭给孩子们做饭。”

"Canteen meals,To the maximum extent to ensure subsidy funds for students' diet,Food safety is also in the school monitoring range,But in the Midwest,Quite a number of rural schools do not have a dining room,Even with,Condition also couldn't keep up with,For example kitchen/Tableware and drinking water can not reach the standard,No catering licenses.therefore,This feeding way at present only 54%."He told reporters,"34% to entrust to have the qualifications of the enterprise for meal,And 12% for the children to entrust family cooking."

　　但后两者的弊病不容小觑。

But after the disease to be reckoned.

　　全国学生营养办有关负责人告诉记者，供餐企业要保证一定的利润，很难保证“3块钱全部吃到学生嘴里”。而家庭托餐虽然能解决偏远学校没有小伙房的问题，但让十几个孩子吃上“热饭”的代价是，食品安全监管难度太大，菜品也很难说“营养均衡”。为此，2011年，中央财政安排了100亿元专项资金给学校建食堂，并强调食堂的“非营利性”。但资金和人员编制依然是两大“拦路虎”。

National student nutrition do concerned person in charge told reporters,For meal enterprise to guarantee profits,Is very difficult to guarantee"3 dollars to eat all students mouth".And family holder meal although can solve remote schools did not small kitchen problem,But let a dozen children eat"Hot rice"Price is,Food safety supervision difficulty is too big,Food and it's hard to say"balanced".therefore,In 2011,,The central financial arranged 10 billion yuan special funds to build the school canteen,And emphasizes the dining room"non-profit".But money and staffing is still two big"A lion in the way".

　　“160亿元专项资金不是主要问题，缺少的是配套经费。”全国学生营养办有关负责人指出。按照资金管理规定，160亿元必须全部用于学生伙食，不能直接发钱给学生个人和家长，不能用于买零食和保健品，不能用于补贴教职工吃饭，不能用于学校办公经费支出。

"16 billion yuan special funds is not main problem,Lack is supporting funds."National student nutrition do concerned person in charge pointed out.According to the cash management rules,16 billion yuan must be used exclusively to students' food,Cannot directly send money to students and parents,Should not be used to buy snacks and health products,Cannot be used in teaching and administrative staff subsidies to eat,Cannot be used in the school office funds expenditure.

　　“食堂建设需要一个周期，建成后，谁做饭？谁来维护设备？谁来出用水用电用煤气的钱？这些都需要县级政府解决配套经费的问题。此外，炊具设备购置、食堂聘用人员的工资福利等，也需要纳入当地的财政预算。”

"The dining room construction need a cycle,After the completion of,Cook who?Who will maintain equipment?Who will the water electricity use gas money?All these need the government at or above the county level to solve the problem of matching funds.In addition,Cooker equipment purchase/The dining room hire personnel's wage and welfare, etc,Also need to be incorporated into the local financial budget."

　　一些地方已经迈出探索步伐：比如，河北省、吉林省的试点县政府为农村学校食堂统一聘用了合同工，工资由县级财政统一支付；河南省提出增加对农村寄宿制学校食堂的临时性价格补贴；甘肃省出台减免供餐企业和托餐家庭(个人)有关税费的规定。

Some places have already taken steps to explore:For example,Hebei province/The government of jilin province ShiDianXian for the rural school canteen unified hired contract,Wages at or above the county level by financial unified payment;Henan province put forward to increase rural residential school canteen temporary price subsidies;Gansu province issued breaks for meal enterprise and Joe family meal(personal)The provisions of the relevant taxes and fees.

　　“但在一些地方，如果省级政府统筹不够，县级政府作为计划的行动主体，抱着‘等、靠、要’的思想，就难以保证准时‘开餐’。”全国学生营养办有关负责人说。

"But in some places,If the provincial government as a whole is not enough,County government as a plan of action of the main body,hold‘, etc/by/to’thoughts,It will be difficult to guarantee punctual‘Open meal’."National student nutrition do concerned person in charge said.

增加营养餐计划的公开透明度 Increase nutrient food plan public transparency

　　计划执行以来，全国学生营养办组织的专项督查发现，在一些已经“开餐”的地方，有的既不考虑学生身体健康发育和膳食平衡的要求，也不征求学生、家长的意见，随意降低供餐质量标准或变更供餐食谱。有的学校干脆以质量差、缺乏营养的饮料、零食等来替代营养餐。有些地方，没有制定营养补助资金管理办法，也没有建立大宗食品及原辅料的公开招标制度，没有实施专账核算、强化收支管理、成本核算和票据管理，更没有主动公开收支情况，自觉接受学生、家长和膳食委员会的监督，以致出现“套利”现象。

Plan since the implementation,National student nutrition to do special supervision organization found,In some have"Open meal"place,Some did not consider student physical health development and prandial balance requirements,Don't ask for students/The views of parents,Optional reduce for meal quality standard or change for meal diet.Some schools simply to the quality difference/The lack of nutrition beverage/Snacks instead of nutrient food.In some places,There are no nutritional subsidy funds management method,Also did not establish bulk food and raw materials of the public bidding system,Did not carry out special accounts accounting/Strengthening balance management/Cost accounting and bill management,More no active public balance,Consciously accept students/Parents and dietary committee supervision,So that appear"arbitrage"phenomenon.

　　全国学生营养办有关负责人强调，要解决这些问题，必须让计划在阳光下运行。

National student nutrition do officials stressed,To solve these problems,Must let the program run in the sun.

　　记者了解到，目前各地已要求有关部门、学校和供餐单位，定期公布学生营养改善计划的实施方案、管理制度和资金总量，公布举报电话、邮箱，公布受助学生的人数、姓名、班级，公布学校食堂饭菜的价格、营养食谱以及补助收支情况和食堂财务管理情况，以主动接受人大代表、政协委员、学生、家长及社会的监督。

The reporter understands,The country at present has asked the relevant departments/Schools and feeding unit,Regularly publish students nutrition improvement plan plan/Management system and total capital,Report released by telephone/mailbox,Aided by the number of students/name/class,Announced the school dining room the price of food/Nutrition recipe and allowance balance and dining room financial management situation,To actively accept the National People's Congress/Political consultative conference (CPPCC)/students/Parents and social supervision.

　　“信息公开的力度还要加大。”全国学生营养办有关负责人告诉记者，教育部和财政部打算印发2600万份宣传卡，通过学校发到每位家长手里。

"Information publicity efforts will increase."National student nutrition do concerned person in charge told reporters,The ministry of education and the ministry of finance issued by the XuanChuanKa to 26 million copies,Through the school sent to each parents hand.

　　“我们希望这是一项政府与社会共同参与的事情，而赢得信任的前提是公开透明。”他表示，为解决农村孩子的吃饭问题，共青团、妇联等团体，居民委员会、村民委员会等基层组织，企业、基金会以及民间自发创立的“免费午餐”，都在拧成一股合力，同时也发挥着监督作用。

"Our hope is that this could be a government and social participation of things,And win the trust is the premise of public transparent."He said,In order to solve the problem of rural children to eat,Communist youth league/Women's federations and other groups,A residents committee/The villagers committees and other organizations at the grass-roots level,enterprise/Foundation and folk spontaneous created"Free lunch",In twist to force,At the same time also plays a supervisory role.

　　此外，全国学生营养办有关负责人透露，为了推进这项工作的规划化和精细化，699个试点县目前正在构建与营养膳食补助相挂钩的实名制，对学生人数、补助标准、受益人数等情况进行动态监控，严防虚报冒领、贪污浪费，“确保这些钱都用到孩子身上”。预计明年四五月份，实名制系统将试运行。学生营养状况监测系统也在抓紧建立之中。

In addition,National student nutrition do concerned person in charge said,In order to promote the work planification and fine,699 ShiDianXian is currently building and nutrition meal allowance system link,The number of students/Subsidy standard/As the number of benefit on dynamic monitoring,Take strict precautions against any personally/Corruption and waste,"Ensure that the money were used to children".In may next year is expected to four,The system system will test run.Students' nutritional status monitoring system and to establish in among.

　　“一句话，我们希望对得起中央掏的这笔钱，确实能为孩子做点实事。把计划放在阳光下‘晒’无疑是最好的防腐途径。”全国学生营养办有关负责人说。（记者 王梦婕）

"word,We hope to get the central dip of the money,Does children can do something practical.The plan in the sun‘sun’Is undoubtedly the best anti-corrosion way."National student nutrition do concerned person in charge said.(Reporter WangMengJie)