朱老师讲习作 Zhu teacher speak assignments

　　每年高考后，媒体上首先热议的，总是语文考卷。作文题目的难易、优劣、新陈成为街头巷尾的谈资。接下来让大家翘首以待的是，作文阅卷后的选文，老师、作家们的“下水”作文，专家们的各种介绍和评论，很长见识。

After the college entrance examination each year,The media of the first hot debate,Always language an examination paper.Thesis topic purpose difficulty/quality/New Chen became the talk of the streets and lanes.Let the long awaited is,The composition of the selected article, after reading,The teacher/writers"launching"composition,Experts all sorts of introduction and comment,A long experience.

　　看到的考试佳作内容翔实、积累丰厚、思辨明晰、情真意切、语词畅达、角度独特等优点，读后很为12年的语文教学的成果欣慰。

See good exam content full and accurate/Accumulated rich/Speculative clear/Mongolia/Ending-transforming into words/Angle and other unique advantages,Reflection is for 12 years of Chinese teaching achievement gratified.

　　老师、作家们的文章更是思路开阔，风格独特，或严谨规范、或潇洒脱俗，读来是另一种享受。

The teacher/The writer of this paper is more open-minded,Unique style,Or rigorous standard/Or natural and unrestrained and free from vulgarity,Read to is another kind of enjoy.

　　专家们的介绍，让读者更全面地了解高考作文的整体水平，他们的评论，则更让大家看到现象背后的实质，相信进一步完善语文教学，有了更明确的方向。

Experts are introduced,Let the reader more comprehensive understanding of the overall level of the college entrance examination composition,Their comments,Is more let everybody see behind the phenomenon of the essence,Believe that further improve Chinese teaching,Have a clear direction.

　　很自然，绝大多数反思都集中在针对高中的语文教学上，涉及初中的也比较少，牵涉到小学作文情况的几乎没有。

Very natural,The vast majority of reflection are concentrated in the Chinese teaching in senior high school on,In junior high school also is less,Involves the primary composition of almost no.

　　其实，高中的学习情况与小学的基础一定有关系。只是分不出精力，在一个特定的时间之内去讨论。但是，高考作文中出现的好好坏坏的各种现象，引起了很多小学语文教师的思索，老师们都希望能在自己的工作中，为学生更长久的发展打好基础，有些弊病，也要趁年少时防微杜渐，争取早期治疗。

In fact,High school learning and the basis of elementary school must have a relationship.Just points out energy,In a specific time frame to discuss.but,College entrance examination composition appeared in a good badly various phenomena,Caused a lot of primary school Chinese teacher's thinking,The teachers all hope in their work,For students' more long-term development lay a good foundation,Some disease,Also want to take years for a little while a stitch in time saves nine,Strive for early treatment.

　　最担心听到的议论 Most worried about hear talk about

　　有一次，几位小学语文老师在一起，议论起这个话题。大家对小学习作要负的责任，看法挺一致的，说：有些议论，听过也就放在一边，如立意不太高啦，思考太浅表啦，不善铺排展开啦等等。这确实是高中老师要负责的教学目标。

once,Several primary school Chinese teacher together,Discussion on this topic.All the elementary school assignments to negative responsibility,View is consistent,said:Some discussion,Heard also put it aside,If it were not too high,Thinking too superficial la,Gifts design expansion! And so on.This is really high school teacher will be responsible for the teaching goal.

　　有一位说，最担心听到的议论是：作文内容虚假、空乏，千人一面，看不到真实的生活等。如果在高考作文中大面积出现这种现象，小学语文教师是难辞其咎的。因为这些毛病在小学生的作文中也常会出现，甚至可以说，这些毛病是在小学中形成的。这种毛病如果在小学阶段一开始没有得到很好的启蒙，形成后又未得到很好的治疗和矫正，就是伴随终生的疾病。就像小孩子牙列不齐，如果不在适当的时期矫正，就会影响一辈子容貌。

One said,The most worried about is heard:Composition content false/depletion,Ignores the,See the real life, etc.If in the college entrance examination composition in large area appear this kind of phenomenon,Elementary school language teacher is the corrupting vibrant traditions.Because these mistakes in the composition of the primary school students also often appear,even,The problem is that in elementary form.If this problem in a primary school started not to obtain the very good enlightenment,After the formation of and not to obtain the very good treatment and correct,Is a lifetime of disease.Like children dentition irregularities,If there is no proper period to correct,Will affect looks for a lifetime.

　　有一个例子说：好多年前，有一道写母亲的作文题，媒体上披露，有不少学生写自己的妈妈死了，写得悲伤之极，很是动人。其实是从作文选上背下来的，他自己的妈妈正在考场外，大太阳下等待他呢。后来发现这样写法的学生挺多的，有点不正常，有记者去采访家长，问：如果你的孩子写这样的材料，你怎么想？妈妈说：只要考进大学，管他死不死的。

There is a example said:Many years ago,There is a mother to write the thesis topic,Media disclosure,There are a lot of students to write their own mother is dead,Write very sad,Is very moving.In fact from be analecta upper back down,His mother is outside the examination room,The sun waiting for him?.I later found out that such writing students a lot,Not quite normal,A reporter to interview parents,ask:If your child write such material,What do you think?Mother said:As long as got into college,Tube he dead deathless.

　　其实这种情况，小学作文中也比比皆是。有一次区统考，也是以写妈妈为题目，结果发现有半数以上的作文，写妈妈深夜或雨中、或雪中背自己去挂急诊。不是说突发事件不能写，只是在妈妈身边成长，应该有写不完的话题。还是身在此山中，眼睛却看不到山中美景。将来考大学，只好写妈妈死了。

Actually this kind of situation,Primary school composition also can be found everywhere.Once area unified examination,Also write to mother for subject,The results found that over half of the composition,Write mother late at night or in the rain/Or the snow back to hang emergency.Not to say that the incident can't write,Just in the mother's side growth,There should be a written not over of topic.Or body in the mountains,Eyes but can't see the mountains scenery.Examination of university in the future,Had to write my mother died.

　　另一位也认同这个看法，并很有个性地、玩笑式地说：我看到人家在批评高中语文老师，觉得很难为情，好像是自己做了坏事，没有被人发现，还冷眼看大家向别人身上栽赃。

Another also agree with this view,And very personal to/Joke type to say:I see somebody else in criticizing senior high school Chinese teacher,Feel very ashamed of,It did something bad,Has not been found,Still cool detachment see everybody to others plant.

　　虽然是私底下随意谈笑，也可以看到有相当一部分教师，有教育责任感，积极地承担属于小学语文教师的责任。

Although it is privately optional banter,We can also see that there are quite a few teachers,Have education responsibility,Actively undertake belong to primary school Chinese teacher's responsibility.

　　笔者在小学语文中跌打滚爬一辈子，深谙这种疾病的来龙去脉。而本文只想从正面来介绍一些负责任的教学方法。

The author in the primary school Chinese GunPa entitled for a lifetime,Know the ins and outs of this disease.And this paper just want to in a positive way to introduce some responsible teaching methods.

　　打好内容翔实的基础 Good content full and accurate basis

　　“围绕一个意思把内容写具体”这个习作要求，出现在三年级的课程标准上。然而一名三年级的学生，要达到这个目标，是很不容易的。因为他们正处在蹦蹦跳跳、无忧无虑的年龄。要他们处处留意生活，关注事物的发展变化，体会自己的内心感觉，对于大多数十岁左右的孩子确实有点难。有些老师会束手无策，有些老师有畏难情绪，于是借助于手到擒来的作文选，让学生背上几篇，应付作业，应付考试。殊不知，这就像给健康的孩子输了他人的血液，抑制了他们自身的造血机能，造成影响一生的后遗症。

"Around a meaning to write specific content"This project requirements,Appear in grade three of the curriculum standards.Yet a third grade students,To achieve this goal,It is not easy.Because they are in scamper/Carefree age.Will they all pay attention to life,Pay attention to the development and change of things,Experience their own feelings,For most of the dozens of years old children do a little difficult.Some teachers will be at a loss what to do,Some teachers have the fear of emotions,So with the help of hand over piacenza of the analects,Let the students back a few articles,Cope with homework,Deal with test.Little imagine,It is like to healthy children lost the other people's blood,Inhibit their own hematopoietic function,Affect life sequela.

　　有责任心的老师们，为了突破这个难点，做了许多有益的实验，创造出许多实用的方法。在此略举几例。

Responsible teachers,In order to break through the difficulty,A lot of good experiment,Create many practical method.In this slightly raises a few cases.

　　写观察日记 Write diary observation

　　这不是一个新方法，却很有生命力。有很多老师坚持在二、三年级的学生中，用写观察日记的方法，进行作文启蒙活动。学生们通过对一株植物，一种动物或一个人物的日常变化，用看、听、闻、摸等手段，建立起观察的习惯，培养出观察的能力。通过把观察内容记录下来的手段，学会了整理、对比等思考方法。实践了记叙、描写、抒发等表达方法，把观察对象的外形、色彩、数量、质地等写清楚、写具体。把观察过程中内心的期待、担忧、欣喜等心理活动表达真切。

This is not a new method,They are vitality.There are a lot of the teacher insists in two/Third grade students,Used to write diary observation method,For composition enlightenment activities.The students through to a plant,An animal or a character's daily change,watch/Listen to/smell/Touch, and other means,Set up the habit of observation,Cultivate the ability of observation.Through the observation record content means,Learned to finish/Contrast thinking method.Practice narrative/description/A method to express the express, etc,To observe the shape of the object/colour/quantity/Clear texture, and so on/Write specific.In the process of the observation to the heart/concerns/Joy and true psychological activity expression.

　　笔者有一个朋友，是一位有丰富经验的老师，每次在接新班后，她起码坚持一个学年，学生天天写观察日记，她自己天天批改，天天评讲，发掘学生习作中的优点大肆表扬，指出不足之处警示修正。不厌其烦，持之以恒。引导学生从规定观察对象，到自选观察对象，学生越写越有章法，也越写越自如。可以不夸张地说，一年的强化练习，为一生的写作打下了扎实的基础。

The author had a friend,Is an experienced teacher,A time in the joint new work,She at least adhere to one school year,Students write diary everyday observation,Her own correcting everyday,Comments says every day,Students explore the advantage project a praise,Points out deficiencies warning correction.Take great pains,perserve.Guide the students to observe from the provisions of the object,To customize observation object,The students to write the composition,Also more write to more freely.Can not exaggeration to say,A year of strengthening practice,For the lifetime of the writing laid a solid foundation.

　　写游戏作文 Write composition game

　　在课堂上做游戏，是受学生们欢迎的。老师把写作文必须要有的本领，一项一项设计在不同的游戏中，寓教于乐，让学生在活动中感觉到、体验过、练习过。然后点明习作目标。要求学生在习作中表现出来。每次习作，制定一个目标，指向明确，训练容易到位。一学期设计几堂游戏课，解决几个主要习作目标，再在其他的写作机会中融会贯通。集腋成裘，成果还是很可观的。

Do in class game,Is affected by the students welcome.The teacher to write a composition must be some power,A a design in different game,fun,Let students feel the activity/experienced/practiced.Then point out project goal.Students are required to show in the project.Every time you,Set a goal,Point to clear,Training is easy to reach the designated position.A semester design a few hall game class,To solve several major project goal,Then in other writing opportunities digest.Every little makes a mickle,Results is still very considerable.

　　譬如写人要写表情，刚才游戏中人的表情先后有无变化，让学生在集体讨论后，当场习作。学生刚参与过游戏，兴奋点还未消失，写出片段并不困难。然后，师生共同评议。一定会有写得到位的，也会有写得不足的，通过交流，互通有无。个別学生的例子，化为集体的收获。

Such as write people to write expression,Just game of human expression successively for changes,Let the students in the group discussion,Spot project.The students had just participated in the game,Excitement is not disappear,Write fragment is not difficult.then,Evaluation both teachers and students.Will have to write a get,There will also be write insufficient,Through the exchange,Exchange of needed goods.Examples of individual students,Into the collective harvest.

　　画文同步习得 Draw step aboard acquisition

　　笔者因工作关系，二十多年与三年级语文教学有缘，深感起步作文的重要与艰难。笔者曾与多位基层教师合作“画文同步习得”的实验，具体做法是让学生先用简笔画、儿童画的形式固定下自己某一个生活场景，然后再将画面内容化成文字。

The author for working relationship,More than 20 years and grade three Chinese teaching decree by destiny,Are the important and difficult start composition.The author with many grassroots teachers cooperation"Draw step aboard acquisition"experiment,Particular way is to let the students use first strokes/The child draws the form of their fixed a life scenes,Then will the picture content into text.

　　这个实验的思考，是基于对孩子生活的认识。儿童的生活，本身就是丰富多彩的，应该直接成为他们取之不尽、用之不竭的作文源泉。教师应当引导学生看到自己的生活，用画面将大脑中的生活印痕重现，再看着画面来习作。这样做降低了写作难度，学生有看图作文的基础。教师帮助学生从小参与生活、发现生活、热爱生活、记录生活、表达生活。将作文与做人融为一体，让儿童习作与将来的作文一脉相承。

This experiment thinking,Is based on the understanding of the life of the child.Children's life,Itself is rich and colorful,Should direct become their inexhaustible/Inexhaustible source composition.Teachers should guide students to see your own life,Use pictures of the brain will life mark again,Then look at pictures to you.To do so to reduce the difficulty of writing,Students have based on the basis of the composition.The teacher help students participate in life since childhood/Find life/Love life/Record life/Express life.The composition and the person be in harmony is an organic whole,Let children assignments and future come composition.

　　教师们创造性的指导是非常多的，以上实例肯定挂一漏万。愿小学生，都能像教育界前辈所期望的那样“用自己的笔，写自己的话”。将来长大成人，也能发一点自己的声音。原徐汇区教师进修学院语文教研员 朱丽春

Teachers creative guidance is very much,Sure GuaYiLouWan example above.Let pupils,Can like education predecessors as expected"With his pen,Write your own words".Grew up in the future,Can also send a little your own voice.The original xuhui district teachers college of further education language research staff to ZhuLiChun