不盲目追求升本，不追求规模上的大而全，依托行业企业办学，走特色化办学道路，这是上海高职现象的典型特征，并在全国成了一道特殊风景。

Don't blindly pursue rise this,Do not pursue the scale from the big,Relying on industry enterprise running,Walk characteristic school road,This is typical of Shanghai vocational phenomenon,And in the national became a special scenery.

　　在我们破解上海高职现象的同时，记者希望寻求权威的解读。为此，记者专访了分管高职教育的上海市教委副主任印杰。

In our Shanghai crack higher vocational phenomenon at the same time,Reporters who want to seek the interpretation of authority.therefore,Reporter the interview for higher vocational education, deputy director of the Shanghai municipal education commission, print jie.

　　上海高职整体是一盘棋 Shanghai vocational whole is a game of chess

　　记者：在采访上海的几所高职院校时，发现每所高职院校规模不大，最大的学校也不过5000在校生。这是出于产业发展的原因，还是生源压力的原因，抑或是其他方面的考虑？

reporter:In the interview Shanghai several when higher vocational colleges,Find every higher vocational colleges the scale is not big,The biggest school also however 5000 students.It is out of the cause of development of the industry,The reason of pressure or students,Or other considerations?

　　印杰：上海高职不做“万人校”。我不希望上海每所高职院校都办成一所综合性的学校。目前每所高职院校一般不超过七八个专业，基本上都面向一个行业，每所学校有其特色专业或者专业群。

Print jie:Shanghai vocational don't do"Ten thousand the school".I don't want to Shanghai every higher vocational colleges into a comprehensive school.Now every higher vocational colleges generally not more than professional,Basically all face a industry,Each school has its characteristic professional or professional group.

　　如果让学校突破了原来的领域，去做一个与以前完全无关的领域，学校办出来的专业并不是很好。即使这个学校可能很好，但办出来的专业也未必好。

If let the school break through the original field,To do a before and completely irrelevant field,The school to do out of the professional and is not very good.Even if the school may be very good,But to do out of the major also is not necessarily good.

　　所以，我们还是强调上海高职整体是一盘棋，把所有学校的专业都放在一起综合考虑。

so,We still emphasize Shanghai vocational whole is a game of chess,Put all the school professional together comprehensive consideration.

　　现在，上海高职越来越重视办特色学校，办重点专业、特色专业。我们不希望一个学校招了1万人，比如办50个专业，其中有3个专业很好，47个专业只是陪衬。就凭3个专业在社会上打拼，质量就没有保证。

now,Shanghai vocational pay more and more attention to do characteristic school,Do key professional/Characteristic professional.We don't want a school recruited 10000 people,Such as do 50 professional,There are three major is very good,47 professional just foil.With three professional in society spell on,There is no guarantee the quality.

　　我希望上海的每所高职学校不要超过10个专业，其中有5个或者3个在全国办得最好，这就够了。

I hope Shanghai every higher vocational school not more than 10 professional,There are five or 3 in the national do best,That's enough.

　　评估学校还不如评估专业 As the professional evaluation school evaluation

　　记者：您说上海高职整体是一盘棋，综合考虑所有专业。是否意味着，从原有的评估学校演变成现在的评估专业？评估专业的原理以及标准是什么？

reporter:You said Shanghai vocational whole is a game of chess,Comprehensive consideration of all major.Does that mean,From the original evaluation school now evolved into assessment of professional?Assessment of professional principle and standard is what?

　　印杰：当一个学校的基本条件还不是很好的时候，评估学校最简单。学校有多少地，多少房子，每一个学生有多少教学用房，多少学生宿舍，学校的增值比是多少？等等。这些容易反映一个学校基本的办学条件。

Print jie:When a school basic condition is not very good,The most simple evaluation school.Schools have how much ground,Many house,Each student how many teaching occupancy,Many students dormitory,School value ratio is much?, etc.It is easy to reflect a basic conditions for running the school.

　　一个学校达到了这些条件，才能得60分。现在，上海的大部分高职不是达到60分的问题，是希望每所高职达到90分的问题。这就不能单单只看学校的硬件，更要深入地看专业。

A school to these conditions,To 60 points.now,Most of the Shanghai vocational not reach 60 points problem,Is hope every higher vocational reach 90 points problem.This can only see the school hardware,The more thoroughly look professional.

　　比如说，一个学校有10个专业，我们给学校的一个总评分是80分，而我们要求学校达到90分，那要怎么办？这80分里有5个专业是100分，5个专业是60分。这就需要去考虑学校那些60分的专业。为什么这些专业只能得60分，或者说学校怎么把这些60分的专业达到80分，或者是强制要求把60分的专业关掉。这样，整个学校的水平才能够提高。

For example,A school has 10 professional,We give the school a total score is 80 points,And we require schools to reach 90 points,That do?The 80 points in there are five major is 100 points,Five professional is 60 points.This needs to consider the professional school 60 points.Why do these professional can only 60 points,Or school how to these 60 points to 80 points professional,Or is forced to take 60 points of professional turn off.this,The level of the whole school to improve.

　　只有这样，才能使每一个专业的学生都受到很好的教育，使得学校更优秀。

Only in this way,To make every student get a good education,Make school more outstanding.

　　另外，只要这样评估专业，学校就会主动关掉一些办得不灵的专业。否则，学校永远都不会主动关闭办得不好的专业。

In addition,As long as such professional assessment,School on own initiative will turn off some sporadic run professional.otherwise,The school will never active close to do well professional.

　　记者：既然评估专业，就有一个评估的标准，这个标准是什么呢？

reporter:Since the assessment of professional,There is an assessment standard,This standard is what?

　　印杰：这个标准就是培养人的目标。目标不是学校说了算，要听取行业企业的意见，还要听取学生和家长的意见。

Print jie:This standard is to cultivate people's goal.Goal is not to school have the final say,To listen to the opinions of the enterprises,To listen to the opinions of the students and their parents.

　　高职专业培养学生的目标就是培养出来的学生的求职岗位。另外，要有培养方案，包括知识、专门技能和综合素质等的明确要求。

Higher vocational professional training students' goal is to cultivate students coming out of the job position.In addition,Want to have training program,Including knowledge/Special skills and comprehensive quality of clear requirements.

　　比如高职护理专业，从业岗位很清晰，就是护士。所以，我们要制定护理专业培养的目标或者标准。就要有知识要求、技能要求以及综合素质要求。

Such as the senior high vocational school nursing profession,Working position is very clear,Is the nurse.so,We need to develop nursing profession development goal or standard.Must have knowledge requirements/Skill and comprehensive quality requirements.

　　制订教学标准要留有给学校发挥的空间 Make teaching standard allow for schools play space

　　记者：教学标准的制订往往会有两个极端：要不没有标准；要不标准太死，容易造成千校一面。所以，在制订标准时，我们应该怎么平衡？

reporter:The formulation of teaching standards tend to have two extreme:Otherwise there is no standard;Or standard too dead,Easy to cause the thousand school side.so,The standard in making,How should we balance?

　　印杰：普通教育可以看淡标准。但是，跟从业相关的职业教育，就一定要有标准，但不叫标准化，“标准化”往往容易造成千篇一律。

Print jie:General education can see light standard.but,Working with relevant professional education,It must have standard,But don't call standardization,"standardization"Often easy to cause the monotony.

　　为什么职业教育教学要有标准，因为培养出来的人与从业有关，而从业是有标准的。职业教育毕业出来的学生，都要有职业资格证书，还要有行业准入资格。

Why vocational education teaching to have standard,Because the train come out of the person and the employees,And from there is a standard.Vocational education graduate students coming out of,Have professional qualification certificate,Have access to industry qualification.

　　但是，标准本身是一个基准线，而不是一个最高线。这是为了留出空间给学校发挥。

but,Standard itself is a line,Not a top line.This is to set aside space for the school play.

　　如果所有学校都是同一个标准，学校就没有特色可言。所以，做标准的同时要防止千校一面。

If all schools are the same standard,There is no school characteristics.so,Do the standard at the same time to prevent thousand school side.

　　并且，上海正在做50个专业的国际化标准，这当然是为了与国际接轨。

and,Shanghai is do 50 professional international standard,This of course is to with international practice.

　　记者：现在，对教育国际化提得越来越多，在高职教育领域，“国际化”这个词提的频率也越来越高，您如何看待教育的国际化？

reporter:now,The internationalization of education carry more and more,In higher vocational education field,"internationalization"The word frequency of carry more and more is also high,How do you think of the internationalization of education?

　　印杰：我认为教育的国际化分为4个阶段：一是引进来，比如到国外请老师，引入别人的人才培养方案；第二阶段是派出去，让老师、学生出国，了解国际，不光是其专业，还有其文化。这两个阶段，现在很多学校都做到了。

Print jie:I think that the internationalization of education can be divided into four stages:One is the introduction to,Such as abroad to please the teacher,Introducing others the cultivation plan for the talented people;The second stage is sent to,Let the teacher/Students go abroad,Understand the international,Not only is the professional,And its cultural.The two stage,Many universities are now done.

　　第三个阶段是引进标准。中国是人力资源大国，培养的学生要能在国际上从业。比如说律师、医生、工程师等职业，这些行业都有很严格的准入标准，有专业的认证。如果没有通过，就没有权利去从业。所以，我们要引入国外的教学标准，或者与国外的教学标准要接轨。

The third stage is the introduction of standard.China is a country of human resources,Students need to be able to in the international working.For example a lawyer/The doctor/Engineer, etc,These industries have very strict access standard,Have a professional certification.If there is no through,There is no right to employed.so,We want to introduce foreign teaching standard,Or with foreign teaching standard to practice.

　　第四个阶段是输出标准，这是教育国际化的最高阶段。上海医药高等专科学校把学校办到美国去，就有点输出标准的意思。

The fourth stage is the output standard,This is the highest stage of education internationalization.Shanghai medical college school do the United States,Just a little output standard mean.

　　职业教育发展问题不能仅靠教育部门解决

Vocational education development not only by education department to solve

　　记者：据我所知，为了建立现代职业教育体系，上海市正在推行中高职贯通政策，我们如何理解这项政策？

reporter:As far as I know,In order to establish modern vocational education system,Shanghai is pushing through policy in higher vocational colleges,How do we understand this policy?

　　印杰：我可以从3个方面来概括现代职业教育体系的内涵：一方面是为了“学生有发展”。这是为了建立升学体系，职业教育不能让学生走“断头路”，要给学生发展的机会。

Print jie:I can from three aspects to generalize the modern vocational education system connotation:On the one hand is to"Students have the development".This is to establish the sspa,Vocational education can't let students walk"DuanTouLu",To give students the opportunity of the development.

　　一方面是“就业有优势”。职业教育要想在社会上立足，就必须在就业上比普通教育有优势。

On the one hand is"Employment have an advantage".Vocational education to be in society based on,We must in employment than ordinary education have an advantage.

　　这一点需要教育部门与劳动人事部门通力合作，如果不能合作，就会对职业教育产生很大影响。职业教育的就业优势，不是光靠教育部门，还要靠外部环境，更重要的是靠劳动部门。比如，职业教育毕业的学生必须要有职业资格证书。如果普通教育毕业的学生要上一样的岗位，还要去考职业资格证书；比如行业准入制度，即如果没有职业资格证书就不能从业，不能上岗；比如职业资格证书要与工资挂钩，现在，我国有没有职业资格证书，工资一样。这样，对职业教育的发展造成很大影响。而这些问题，不是教育部门能解决的事啊！

This point needs education department and labor personnel department cooperation,If you can't cooperation,To produce a great impact on the vocational education.Vocational education of employment advantage,Does not only depend on education department,You have to rely on the external environment,More important is to rely on the labor department.For example,Vocational education graduate student must have professional qualification certificate.If the average education graduate students to the same position,Go to take an examination of professional qualification certificate;Such as industry admittance system,That if does not have the vocational qualification certificate cannot be employed,Cannot mount guard;Such as professional qualification certificate and wage hook,now,Our country have a vocational qualification certificate,Wages as.this,For vocational education development caused great influence.And these problems,Not education department can solve thing ah!

　　最后一方面是“办学高水平”。从上海的经济发展来看，很多行业所需要的人才从中职毕业生提升为高职毕业生。比如说银行，以前的柜台从业人员都是中职毕业生，现在至少需要高职毕业生了。那么，中职学校要么为学生寻找新的岗位，要么想办法和高职学校联合起来，从初中开始培养，一直到高职毕业。

The last one is"Running high level".From Shanghai to see the economic development,Many industry needed talents from secondary vocational graduates promoted to higher vocational graduates.For example Banks,Previous counter employees are secondary vocational graduates,Now at least need higher vocational graduate.so,Secondary vocational school or for students looking for new jobs,Or think of a way to unite and higher vocational school,From junior middle school begin to develop,Has been to higher vocational graduation.