半岛都市报讯一两年就能完成初中三年的学业？十四五岁就可以步入大学殿堂？这些听似不可能的事情未来却很可能在青岛变为现实。青岛日前出台中小学拔尖创新人才培养实验方案，在以往长期严禁跳级大背景下，首次为学生跳级“开绿灯”，四方区和市实验初中为全市试点。这项刚启动的超常教育实验备受社会关注，拍手者有之，拍砖者也有，不拘一格收人才与拔苗助长之间只隔了一层“窗户纸”，跳级能否为“神童”的成长助跑？整个公众都期待着答案。

Peninsula metropolis daily - one or two years to complete junior middle school three years of college?14 or 15 can enter university hall?These hear seems impossible in the future it is likely to become a reality in Qingdao.Qingdao has issued middle and primary school of top-notch innovative personnel training experiment scheme,For a long time in the past are strictly prohibited advanced placement background,For the first time for students to skip a grade"Give the green light",Sifang district and city experimental junior high school for the pilot.This just start supernormal education experiment the social attention,Clapper has,Clap brick person also have,The talented person and the spoil things by excessive enthusiasm, not only between the next layer"Window paper",Can advanced placement for"prodigy"Growth run-up?The public are looking forward to the answer.

　　

试点已定近期将启动 The pilot is fixed in the near future will start

　　近日，记者从青岛市教育局了解到，整个青岛拔尖创新人才实验分为两大部分，第一部分是探索建设中小学校校内创新实验教室，以及驻青高校、科研院所与普通高中合作培养学生机制，试点单位是青岛2中和39中。第二部分改革也是社会最为关注的，即探索具有特殊禀赋和潜能学生的早期发现途径、跳级、转学等制度和个性化培养模式，试点单位已经确定为四方区和青岛实验初中。

recently,Reporters from Qingdao city education bureau to know,The Qingdao top-notch innovative personnel experiment is divided into two parts,The first part is to explore the construction of small and medium-sized school campus innovation experiment the classroom,And in green university/Scientific research institutes and ordinary high school students cooperation mechanism,Pilot unit is in Qingdao no. 2 and 39.The second part of the reform is also the most attention of the society,Namely exploration with special talent and potential students early detection approach/Advanced placement/Transfer system and individualized training mode,Pilot unit has been identified as Qingdao sifang district and the junior middle school.

　　按照计划，2012年，青岛首先在部分区(市)和局属学校开展拔尖创新人才培养试点，建立3～5所拔尖创新人才培养试点基地。在学生选拔机制、课程设置、培养计划、指导教师与设施配备等各个方面开展实验和探索。到2015年，初步形成具有青岛特色的普通高中拔尖创新人才培养模式。

According to the plan,In 2012,,Qingdao first in some area(city)And JuShu schools of top-notch innovative personnel training pilot,Set up 3 ~ 5 top-notch innovative personnel training pilot base.In the student selection mechanism/curriculum/Cultivation plan/Guidance teachers and facilities equipped with and other aspects to carry out experiments and exploration.By 2015,The initial formation of Qingdao has the characteristics of the ordinary high school of top-notch innovative personnel training mode.

　　青岛将拓宽义务教育阶段拔尖创新人才的发现渠道，做到早发现、早培养，允许拔尖创新人才适当跳级。逐步实现义务教育阶段与高中阶段拔尖创新人才培养的有机衔接。

Qingdao will broaden the compulsory education stage of top-notch innovative personnel discovery channel,Do early detection/Early training,Allow top-notch innovative personnel appropriate advanced placement.Compulsory education stage and gradually realize the high school stage of top-notch innovative personnel training organic link.

　　市实验初中有关负责人称还没有具体实施细则，只是根据市教育局文件精神有个大概思路，“现在还没定下什么时候能开始改。”记者随后联系了四方教体局，获悉该区的拔尖创新人才培养试点近期就将启动，原先只计划在44中一所学校推行，后来决定在全区中小学范围内执行，具体细节估计在节后就可能出台正式文件。

City officials say the junior high school is not specific implementation rules,But according to the city bureau of education file spirit have a probably thought,"Haven't set when can begin to change."Reporters then contacted the four directions from the bureau,Learn the top-notch innovative personnel training pilot in the near future will start,The original plan only in 44 a schools,Later on in the primary and middle school range execution,Specific details after the estimate may be issued a formal document.

　　

应建立超常生培养模式 Shall establish supernormal born training mode

　　记者了解到，在此份改革方案出台前，青岛不允许义务教育阶段学生跳级、留级，高一、高二的学生也不能参加高考。

The reporter understands,For the purposes of this reform plan before introduced,Qingdao don't allow compulsory education stage student advanced placement/To repeat a year,higher/The senior high school students also cannot attend the university entrance exam.

　　24日下午，44中校长马鹏业在接受记者采访时说，在他看来，一些天赋异禀学生，完全没必要初中、高中上三年，甚至小学也没必要上完六年。“我们今年有位毕业生叫谢欣悦，考西安交大少年班只差0.56分，最后考上青岛2中。这名学生数理化方面特别优秀，有时候解题思路比老师还要简单、直接，普通大班制课堂对她实际作用已经很小，而且组织能力、团队协作能力也很强。我很遗憾，没有能够在初中提供给她更个性化的教育，帮助她更好地成长。”马鹏业说。

On the afternoon of December 24,44 of the principal MaPengYe when accepting a reporter to interview,In his view,Some of the gifted students,No necessary to junior high school/High school three years,Even primary school also didn't necessary after six years."We call this a graduate XieXinYue,Take an examination of ShaoNianBan xian, a difference of 0.56 points,Finally admitted to Qingdao 2.The student science aspect outstanding,Sometimes turn around ideas than the teacher also simple/direct,Ordinary executive system for her class actual effect is very small,And organizational ability/The team cooperation ability is also very strong.I'm sorry,No can provide in junior high school to give her a more personalized education,Help her better growth."MaPengYe said.

　　“根据权威机构统计，大约有1%到3%的学生在某一方面具有超常水平，拔尖创新人才就是要找出这些学生，然后对超常学生跳级、转学等制度，提供适合超常学生的教学和个性化培养模式。”马鹏业告诉记者，他们学校其实早在今年春节后就着手进行改革准备，但时至今日，因为种种原因，还没有取得实质性进展。

"According to the authority statistics,About 1% to 3% of the students in one hand with supernormal level,Top-notch innovative talents is to find out the students,Then the supernormal students skip a grade/Transfer system,To provide suitable for supernormal students' teaching and individualized training mode."MaPengYe told reporters,In fact as early as in their school after the Spring Festival this year began to reform preparation,But today,For a variety of reasons,Still no substantial progress.

　　

层层选拔，偏才怪才被淘汰 Selection process,Partial to GuaiCai be eliminated

　　中国海洋大学招生办主任范其伟注意到这份人才培养改革方案，他说：“这符合国家高考改革、高校录取人才多元化的大方向，但文件一些地方还比较笼统，比如拔尖创新人才的认定标准，何种情况下才能跳级，拔尖人才如何培养等问题都没有解释清楚。”

China ocean university, dean of admissions FanJiWei noticed the talent training reform plan,He said:"This conforms to the national college entrance examination reform/College admission talent diversified way,But some places are documents are general,For example of top creative talents of cognizance standard,What circumstances can skip a grade,How to cultivate talent problems didn't explain clearly."

　　那同样是作为培养创新人才的改革，高校自主招生这项制度虽有争议，但这毕竟突破了高考一考定终身的局限，一些有特长有个性的学生，通过自主招生考试获得展示才能的机会，那么自主招生考试能够选到多少所谓拔尖创新人才呢？

It is also as the reform of cultivating creative talents,University autonomy enrollment this system though controversial,But this after all broke through the university entrance exam as a lifelong limitations,Some specialty has the personality of students,Through the independent the recruitment of students test to show to chance,So the independent the recruitment of students test can choose how much? The top-notch innovative personnel?

　　“海大自主招生考试一直都在不断探索，我感觉这些年海大通过自主招生并没有招到一些具有超常能力的偏才、怪才。这不是高校的错，而是偏才、怪才学生还没有来得及考大学，就已经被层层应试选拔的中小学教育体制所淘汰。”范其伟直言，这些年海大也招收过十四五岁的低龄大学生，但几乎都是外省学生。

"The independent study of the recruitment of students test have been continuously explore,I feel these head through the autonomous enrollment and not recruit some with supernormal ability only partial/GuaiCai.This is not the fault,But only partial/GuaiCai students had time to take an examination of university,Have been layers of examination-oriented the selection of the primary and secondary school education system selection."FanJiWei the truth,Over the years has also recruited head over 14 or 15 of the young college students,But almost are students from other provinces.

　　

学生跳级必须要有评价标准 Students advanced placement must have evaluation standard

　　“此次改革关注了拔尖创新人才的培养，这对于那些‘特长生’而言，是一个利好消息。”教育专家娄雷认为。

"This reform concern the top-notch innovative talents,For those who‘Especially immortal’in,Is a good news."Education experts LouLei think.

　　他认为，“跳级”是教育主管部门长期以来都选择回避的话题，青岛这次教育改革方案也给出了明确的态度。“随着家庭教育与社会教育质量不断提升，越来越多的学生获取知识的途径已经不仅仅局限于学校，一些学生确实会在课堂上出现‘吃不饱’情况，课堂上老师讲授的知识，学生早已灵活掌握，这就需要进行适度调整。”娄雷认为，尽管政策是好政策，但依然需要通过具体的实施细则和评价体系来确保政策能够顺利落实。以“跳级”来说，如果没有一个评价标准来确定什么样的学生可以跳级，什么样的学生可以跳几级，那么学校往往可能依然采用求稳方式进行处理，这就失去了改革意义。

He thinks,"Advanced placement"Is the competent department in charge of education have long been the topic of choose to avoid,Qingdao this education reform plan is also given clear attitude."With the family education and social education improve quality,More and more students obtain knowledge way has not only the school,Some students do in class appeared‘Do not have enough to eat’situation,Teachers in the classroom teaching of knowledge,The students had flexible master,That requires adjustments."LouLei think,Although policy is good policy,But still need through the specific implementation rules and evaluation system to ensure that the policy to carry out smoothly.to"Advanced placement"for,If there is no a evaluation standard to determine what kind of students can advanced placement,What kind of students can jump a few level,So schools are may still use play safe way for processing,This lost reform significance.

　　山东大学本科生院副院长、泰山学堂副堂主张树永对此次青岛创新人才培养改革方案也很感兴趣，他表示如果有可能，山大可以和试点学校进行合作，建立一体化的创新人才培养体系。

Shandong university undergraduate, vice President of the court/Mount tai school vice hall ZhangShuYong Lord of the Qingdao innovative personnel training reform plan is also very interested,He said if possible,Shandong can and pilot schools in cooperation,Establish the integration of innovative talents cultivation system.

　　

青岛曾有7岁上初一先例 Qingdao has seven new moon on precedent

　　市教育局“教育专家咨询团”团长、研究员翟广顺指出，优异学生培养方式其实就是英才教育，而且英才教育在青岛教育界并不是个新鲜事物，青岛市早在上世纪80年代就已经有先例。

City bureau of education"Education experts visiting"colonel/The researchers ZhaiGuangShun pointed out,Excellent students cultivation mode is actually elite education,And elite education in Qingdao education is not a new thing,Qingdao as early as in the 1980 s have precedent.

　　翟广顺翻阅了历史档案，发现原来早在1984年9月，青岛市教育局为改革小学教育提出5项新措施，其中之一是在省、市重点小学试行跳级制度。1985年9月9日的《青岛日报》刊登一则消息，当年的青岛二中破格录取了上海路小学7岁儿童高才龙为初一新生。

ZhaiGuangShun browse the archives,Found early in September of 1984,Qingdao city bureau of education for elementary school reform put forward five new measures,One of them is in the province/Municipal key primary school for trial implementation advanced placement system.On September 9, 1985's[Qingdao daily]Published news,The Qingdao 2 abnormality admits the Shanghai road primary school at the age of seven children only for new high dragon first.

　　据介绍，高才龙是5岁入上海路小学，一入学就越级读三年级，由于超强的理解力和记忆力，6岁从三年级跳到五年级，学了半年又跳到了六年级，最后凭借突出能力，被破格录取为初一新生，这在当时创下全国最小初中生纪录。

According to introducing,High to the dragon is 5 revenue Shanghai road primary school,A entrance will bypass the immediate leadership is in the third grade,Due to the strong comprehension and memory,Six years old from grade 3 to grade five,Learn for half a year and jumped to grade six,Finally with prominent ability,Was granted special admission for new first,At the time the national minimum a junior high school student record.

　　翟广顺表示，推行跳级制“不能为了跳级而跳级”，也不能让学校自己鉴定超常学生，应当成立由高校和科研院所的专家、教授与优秀教师组成的第三方机构进行认定。

ZhaiGuangShun said,Implementation of the advanced placement system"Can't for advanced placement and advanced placement",Also can't let him school appraisal supernormal students,Shall be formed by universities and research institutes of the expert/Professor and excellent teachers that third party agencies.

　　

专家建议 Experts suggest

　　

警惕英才教育造成攀比之风 Alert elite education cause bandwagon wind

　　翟广顺认为，跳级制度适应了超长儿童的合理需求。一般来说，智商在140以上的儿童被称作超常儿童，约占人口1.5%的比例，若放宽到135，则可扩大至3%的比例，因此优异学生的培养空间很大。但在现实教育实践中，这部分超常儿童却被严重忽视。

ZhaiGuangShun think,Advanced placement system adapted to the super-long children's reasonable demand.Generally speaking,Intelligence quotient (IQ) in the more than 140 children are called the supernormal children,Accounts for about 1.5% of the population proportion,If relaxing to 135,Can be expanded to 3% of the proportion,Therefore excellent students' culture space is very large.But in real education practice,This part of the supernormal children was serious neglect.

　　翟广顺指出，出类拔萃的人往往孤立受压抑。超常儿童的共同特征是有浓厚的认知兴趣和极强的求知欲，思维敏捷，理解力强；有较高的创造力和丰富的想象力、好奇，对新鲜事物敏感。同时，个性突出，有的甚至充满人格矛盾，表现既精力充沛又静若处子、既聪明又幼稚、既谦卑又骄傲，而很多人看到的往往是这些超常儿童的缺点，一些超常学生甚至被当成“问题”学生。

ZhaiGuangShun pointed out that,Outstanding people often isolated repressive.Supernormal children are the common features of a strong cognitive interests and strong thirst for knowledge,Quick thinking,intelligent;A higher creativity and rich imagination/curious,Sensitive to new things.At the same time,Personality prominent,Some even full of personality conflicts,Display both energetic and quiet/Clever and naive/Both humility and pride,And many people see is often the supernormal children faults,Some supernormal students are even as"problems"students.

　　翟广顺还担心，英才教育可能造成攀比之风，社会上流行的“羡慕嫉妒恨综合征”会给英才教育带来负面影响，这样就违背了英才教育的初衷。

ZhaiGuangShun also worry that,Elite education may cause the wind of bandwagon,Social fashion"Envy jealousy hate syndrome"Will give elite education brings negative effect,This violated the elite education's original intention.