教育部网站15日发布《3－6岁儿童学习与发展指南》，对防止和克服学前教育“小学化”现象提供了具体方法和建议。《指南》着重强调了要充分认识生活和游戏对幼儿成长的教育价值，严禁“拔苗助长”式的超前教育和强化训练，成人不应用一把“尺子”衡量所有幼儿等先进教育理念。在关心尊重他人章节，要求4-5岁知道父母的职业，能体会到父母为养育自己所付出的辛劳。（10月16日《京华时报》）

The ministry of education website released 15[3 to 6 years old children's learning and development guidelines],To prevent and overcome preschool education"Elementary school change"The phenomenon provides specific methods and Suggestions.[guide]Emphasize to fully understand the life and the growth of games in the early children's 'education value,It is strictly prohibited to"Spoil things by excessive enthusiasm"Type of advanced education and strengthen training,Adults are not used a"ruler"All children, and other advanced education concept.In the chapter care about respect for others,Request 4-5 years old know parents' career,Can realize the parents to raise their pay hard work.(On October 16,[Jinghua times])

　　

赞成 In favor of

　　

积极理念推动 Positive concept to promote

　　

并非硬性目标 Not rigid target

　　“指南”中有诸多可圈可点的亮点，比如将尊重当做幼儿教育的重要理念，对孩子的个性化创造，进行最大化欣赏，这对于幼儿学校教育和家庭教育，是一种积极的理念推动。

"guide"There are many moments in the window,For instance will respect children education as the important concept,To the child's individual creativity,To maximize appreciate,This for infant school education and family education,Is a positive concept to promote.

　　可“指南”却被个别媒体妖魔化了。比如有媒体报道说：给学前孩子的健康、语言、社会、科学、艺术五个领域的成长设定了一个“阶梯”状的标准：3岁学会不跟陌生人走、4岁学会体谅父母辛劳、6岁学会接受不同意见。

can"guide"But individual media demonize the.For example, there are media reports said:For pre-school children's health/language/social/science/Art five areas of growth set a"step"Shaped standard:3 years old learn not heel stranger away/4 years old learn to be considerate of parents toil/6 years old learn to accept different opinion.

　　笔者查看了整个《3-6岁儿童学习与发展指南》，上述报道根本就是一种娱乐化的误读。“3岁学会不跟陌生人走”是“目标3具备基本的安全知识和自我保护能力”的一个目标，原文是“1.不吃陌生人给的东西，不跟陌生人走”。可新闻硬是加上一个“学会”，让教育目标顿时发生了质变。“指南”中的“ 不跟陌生人走”，是对孩子的一种期待性的安全目标，加上“学会”，则成了一种硬性安全目标。

The author view the whole[3 to 6 years old children's learning and development guidelines],The above report basic is a kind of entertainment turn of misreading."3 years old learn not heel stranger away"is"Goal 3 basic safety knowledge and self-protection capability"Is a goal of the,Text is"1. Don't eat a stranger to things,Don't go with strangers".Can the news just add a"Learn to",Let education goal immediately undergone a sea change."guide"of" Don't go with strangers",For children is a kind of look forward to sexual security goals,plus"Learn to",Has become a kind of hard security goals.

　　还有“4岁学会体谅父母辛劳”，原文是“知道父母的职业，能体会到父母为养育自己所付出的辛劳”。“体谅”取代“能体会到”，显然是一种更严重的误读。而让整个“指南”成了一种高高在上、脱离实际、纸上谈兵、好高骛远。这样的娱乐化报道要不得。

and"4 years old learn to be considerate of parents toil",Text is"Know parents' career,Can realize the parents to raise their pay hard work"."understanding"replace"Can realize",Obviously is a more serious misreading.And let the whole"guide"Become a high above/From actual/Be an armchair strategist/chew.Such entertainment turn reported no good.

　　多用欣赏的眼光认识“指南”，多在“指南”的实践上下工夫，多用赞许和期待的眼神认识“指南”，多听听基层老师对“指南”的意见，多忠于政策原文，让“指南”发挥出积极的教育效应，而不是戴着“有色眼镜”，横挑鼻子竖挑眼，误读了美好的政策初衷。 耿银平

Multi-purpose appreciate insight"guide",in"guide"The upper and lower time of practice,Multi-purpose approbation and look forward to the eyes meet"guide",Listen to the teacher at the grass-roots level to"guide"opinion,More loyal to the original policy,let"guide"Play a positive education effect,Not wearing"Tinted glasses",Crabbing,Read the good policy original intention. GengYinPing

　　

不能刻板比对 Cannot rigidity than

　　

只是时代指引 Just age guidelines

　　一如当年卫生部发布的《老年人跌倒救助指南》，新政一出，板砖齐飞。有骂脑残的，有揣测其卸责居心的，有质疑标准的……熙来攘往，热闹非凡。尽管教育部学前教育专家指导委员会负责人指出，这“不是评价和衡量幼儿发展快与慢、好与差的‘标尺’。不能将《指南》作为分领域训练的‘清单’，为追求‘达标’而对幼儿进行强化训练”，遗憾的是，舆论仍在自我解读的咆哮中消解着新政的良善取向。

As the issued by the ministry of health[The elderly fall salvage guide],New Deal a,Plank brick fly together.Have called brain damage of,Speculation has its shirking the are,Have questioned the standard...hustle-bustle,jollification.Although the ministry of education in preschool education expert guidance committee pointed out,this"Not evaluation and measure of children's development fast and slow/Good and bad‘scale’.Will not[guide]As points field training‘list’,For the pursuit of‘standard’And for adults to strengthen training",It is a pity that,Public opinion is still in the self reading rant ameliorates the New Deal in the good orientation.

　　当然，我们也能看到，舆论反弹强烈，不外乎以下几个因素：一是对公共政策的普遍性怀疑惯性。《中国青年报》曾做过万人民调，结果显示“71.8%的受访者确认身边遍存习惯性质疑者”。公民社会，质疑是一种觉醒的能力，但过度滥用，折损效率不说，还影响社会秩序的建构与重组。二是浮躁的解构主义文化思潮。禁锢惯了，一旦自由与多元的价值理念来袭，以破坏为快感的解构就变得让人上瘾，于是“标题党”盛行、“恶搞文化”无下限。这当然不是民众的错，当权力与公共事件极度耦合、道德生态版图苍茫，美好的事情看起来也难免面目模糊。就此而言，别管教育部发布儿童指南还是大学生指南，甚或任何一部新政，今日的非议一样妥帖适用。

Of course,We also can see,Opinion rebound strong,Nothing more than the following several factors:One is to public policy universality doubt inertia.[The China youth daily]Had done ten thousand poll,Results show that"71.8% of respondents confirm side times save habit YiZhe properties".Civil society,Questioning is a kind of awakening ability,But excessive abuse,Wreck a efficiency not,Also affects the construction of the social order and restructuring.The second is blundering deconstruction and cultural trend of thought.Imprison spoil the,Once free and multiple value concept of incoming,To damage for pleasure of deconstruction is addictive,so"Title party"popular/"kuso"No lower limit.Of course this is not people's fault,When power and public events extreme coupling/Moral ecological territory vast,The good things look also hard to avoid are fuzzy.For that matter,Don't worry about the ministry of education issued children guide or college students' guide,Or any a New Deal,Today's criticism is as appropriate.

　　其实，最怕的倒不是这些“指南”是高还是低，而是急功近利的幼教或家长，会不会将之视为如高考一样的标准试卷？如果刻板比对，这反而可能成为幼儿的梦魇，正如网络上流传的让千万人感同身受的帖子：从小我就有个宿敌叫“别人家的孩子”这个孩子不玩游戏、不聊QQ，天天就知道学习，回回年级第一；这个孩子九门功课同步学，不看星座漫画，看到电脑就想骂娘，琴棋书画样样精通；他是团员、党员、公务员，将来还可能知道地球为什么这么圆；这个孩子长得好看，写字好看，成绩单也好看，就连手指甲都是双眼皮的……

In fact,Most afraid of not these"guide"Is high or low,But the preschool education or parents get rich quick,Will not have as the standard of the university entrance exam papers?If rigidity than,But this may become a children's nightmare,As the network spread to ten million people empathy posts:Since I have an enemy called"Other people's house of in children"The child not to play games/Don't chat QQ,Every day knew learning,And from the first grade;The child nine courses synchronous learning,Watch cartoons constellation,See computer want to 'criticisms,Chess to master everything;He is a member/Party members/Civil servants,The future may also know the earth why so round;The child grow good-looking,Write good,Transcript is also good,Even the fingernails are double-fold eyelid of...

　　儿童成长标准不是“别人家的孩子”，不是攀比附会的一种资本，不过就是时代化的一些指引罢了。 邓海建

Children's growth is not measured"Other people's house of in children",A "keep up with the joneses" is not a kind of capital,But times change is some guide it. DengHaiJian

　　

质疑 question

　　

四岁体谅父母 Four years old be considerate of parents

　　

羞煞多少父母 How many parents shame evil spirit

　　儿童教育非常关键和重要，这个毋庸置疑。我可以理解有关部门规范和“指导”儿童教育的良苦用心。但既然是“儿童成长标准”，就要符合儿童的天性，可“四岁学会体谅父母”之类的“标准”，却明显带有成人化的教育主观意志，是孩子们所无法做到和完成的不可承受之重。

Children's education is very critical and important,This no doubt.I can understand the relevant departments norms and"guidance"Children's education great effort.But now that is"Children grow standard",Will accord with the nature of children,can"Learn to be considerate of the parents at the age of four"And so on"standard",But with the obvious ChengRenHua education subjective wills,Is the children that can't be done and do not bear the heavy.

　　如果说5岁的孩子能记清楚自己的家庭住址和父母亲人的名字，还具有一定的“合理性”，那么，3岁孩子不吃陌生人给的东西、四岁孩子体谅父母的辛苦，就从头至尾都充斥着苛刻的教育期许。感恩父母从娃娃抓起没有错，但感恩教育是一个长期的过程，不可能一蹴而就，指望心智还不健全、思维还是一张白纸状态的四岁孩子去“体会”和“体谅”，这种教育心态本身就很古怪。

If 5 years old children can remember his home address and parents family name,Still has certain"rationality",so,3 years old children don't eat a stranger to things/Four years old children be considerate of parents of hard,From beginning to end is flooded with harsh education expectations.Thanksgiving parents grab from baby not wrong,But gratitude education is a long-term process,Can't accomplish in one move,Expect mental is not perfect/Thinking or a white paper state of four years old children to"experience"and"understanding",This kind of education attitude itself is very strange.

　　我们常常要求孩子“这样”、期待孩子“那样”，却不知，要求孩子的成人社会都未必能够做到。我们随地乱扔烟头，却教育孩子要注意公共卫生；我们热衷于猎奇窥私，却强制孩子们“绿色生活”；我们自私和狭隘、缺乏宽容和信任精神，却要孩子们从小团结友爱……成人社会的道德矮化已经日渐明显，却指望孩子们柔嫩的肩膀去扛起道德的未来。如是种种，儿童仿佛就成了“烂菜筐”，什么都能往里装。可装来装去，纵然把学生都塑造成道德精神上的小巨人，终归还是要踏进社会这个大染缸。

We often requiring children"this"/Looking forward to children"that",But don't know,Requiring children adult society may not be able to do it.Anywhere we throw cigarette butts,But education child to pay attention to public health;We are keen to seek novelty peep private,But forced the children"Green life";We are selfish and narrow/Lack of tolerance and trust spirit,But will the children from unity and friendship...Adult social moral dwarf have become increasingly obvious,But hope the children tender shoulder to carry the future of morality.If a variety of,As children become"Rotten CaiKuang",What can go toward inside put.Can pack to pack to,Even if the students are fashion into moral mental little giant,Results or into social this big dye VAT.

　　“四岁体谅父母”该羞煞多少父母？这是一个沉甸甸的问题。 陈一舟

"Four years old be considerate of parents"This shame down many parents?This is a heavy problem. ChenYiZhou

　　

延伸 extension

　　

不用一把尺子 Don't have a ruler

　　

理该推而广之 Supposed to improve on this

　　《指南》众多先进教育理念让人耳目一新，特别是“成人不应用一把‘尺子’衡量所有幼儿”，教人用带有差异的眼光来审视幼儿，这对幼儿的成长势必大有裨益。但是笔者在想，这么先进的教育理念教育部咋不用于青年学生呢？不仅是幼儿，即使是青年学生，甚至是成人，也存在差异，笔者认为也不应用同一把“尺子”来衡量。对不同的人用同一把“尺子”，同样也衡量不出孰优孰劣。

[guide]Many advanced education idea let a person find everything new and fresh,especially"Adults are not used a‘ruler’Measure all children",Teach with differences in the eye to look at children,The children's growth will be greatly.But the author thought,So advanced education idea why don't the ministry of education for young students??Is not only the children,Even young students,Even adult,Is different,The author thinks that is not the same application"ruler"To measure.To different people with the same"ruler",Also measure out, which is better or worse.

　　而现在，中国的教育就像是一副模具，学生进去之前各有千秋，但进去以后，不管是小学、中学还是大学，都是一种雕刻打磨方法。而且在各个阶段的每一次晋级，都是在用同一把“尺子”来衡量，差异大的将被淘汰。以至于中国式教育体制下“出品”的产品大致都是一个“高度”，一副“嘴脸”。这应该也是当代中国为啥难出大师的原因，一把“尺子”桎梏了人们的思维发展。

And now,China's education is like a pair of mold,The students went in before each has his strong point,But in later,Whether primary school/High school or university,Is a sculpture grinding method.And in each stage of the every promotion,Are all the same in the"ruler"To measure,Contrasting will be eliminated.That Chinese education system"product"Products generally is a"height",A pair of"features".This should also is the contemporary Chinese why difficult out the cause of the master,a"ruler"Shackles people's thinking development.

　　在反思当代教育制度的时候，我们不妨对历史进行回望。在近代的中国，也曾是大师辈出的，像王国维、鲁迅、蔡元培、胡适、钱钟书等举不胜举。笔者认为是因为当时所处的历史时期，正好是中西文化交融渗透发展的时候。而且当时的教育并不是大学影响大师，而是大师影响着大学，教育体制给了大师们更多自由发挥的空间。不过，一定会有人对笔者的观点提出质疑，谁说当代中国没有大师，莫言获得诺贝尔文学奖难道不能被称为大师？其实，大师的衡量标准不是看能不能获得诺贝尔文学奖，而是要看他在中国文化发展中的贡献与成就。笔者认为，虽然莫言获得了诺贝尔文学奖，但他目前依然称不上是大师。而且莫言获得诺贝尔文学奖也不是现在应试教育的结果。

In reflections on the contemporary education system of the time,We might as well look back in history.In modern Chinese,Was the master coming forth in large Numbers,As wang guowei/Lu xun/CAI yuanpei/Hu shi/Qian zhongshu, etc are too numerous to list.The author thinks that because at that time in the historical period,It is the Chinese and western cultural blend infiltration development time.And the education and not influence university master,But the master affects the university,Education system to the masters more the space of free play.but,Will someone to the author's viewpoint is questioned,Who says there is no grand master in contemporary China,Mo yan won the Nobel Prize for literature can't be called master?In fact,Master's measure can not see won the Nobel Prize for literature,But to see him in the Chinese culture in the development of the contribution and achievement.The author thinks that,Although mo yan won the Nobel Prize for literature,But he still do not say to go up is a master.Mo yan and won the Nobel Prize for literature also not now exam-oriented education results.

　　现在，教育部“成人不应用一把‘尺子’衡量所有的幼儿”的观点不应只适用于幼儿，而应该得到推广。做到不用一把“尺子”来衡量所有的青年学生，以避免“尺子”禁锢了学生成长的空间。

now,The ministry of education"Adults are not used a‘ruler’All children"Point of view should not only applicable status,And should get promotion.Do not a"ruler"To measure all the young students,In order to avoid"ruler"Imprison the students' growth space.

　　赵艳生

ZhaoYanSheng

　　三言两语

In a few words

　　家长们在应用《指南》时应该特别注意不能死板地往孩子身上套。每个人都是不一样的个体，有自己的独特体质、个性特点，儿童更是如此。孩子们发展的快慢、兴趣爱好等都可能不同，所以《指南》只能作为指导，家长们还要根据孩子自身的特点因材施教才行。

Parents in the application[guide]Should pay special attention to not rigid to children set.Everyone is not the same individual,Have their own unique physique/Individual character characteristic,Children especially.The children development speed/Hobbies and so on all may be different,so[guide]Only as a guide,Parents and children according to the characteristics of its own, teach students in accordance with their aptitude to just go.

　　慧澜芷

Hui billows zhi

　　给学前孩子的健康、语言、社会、科学、艺术五个领域的成长设定了一个“阶梯”状的标准。这不是扯淡是什么？教育部在干什么？教改不是这么改的吧？这不是在加重孩子和家长的负担吗？这不是在给孩子的童年上枷锁吗？中国的孩子怎么这么苦，没出头之日了！

For pre-school children's health/language/social/science/Art five areas of growth set a"step"Shaped standard.This is not nonsense is what?The ministry of education doing?Educational reform is not so change it?This is not in the aggravate the burden of the children and their parents?This is not the child's childhood chains on?Chinese children how so bitter,No down the!

　　王津津

WangJinJin

　　建议各位爸爸妈妈认真学习一下。

Suggest you mom and dad a careful study.

　　姚江

YaoJiang

　　你觉得教育部制定的标准靠谱不？

Do you think the ministry of education standards formulated by not by spectrum?

　　张可欣

ZhangKeXin

　　对于家长和孩子来说，《指南》真及时，最希望能落到实处。

For parents and children speaking,[guide]True timely,The hope can into effect.

　　王宣

WangXuan

　　不可回避的是，小学择校现象和入学考试问题屡禁不止，一定会影响到指南的实施和贯彻落实，最终牺牲……

Is inevitable,Primary school phenomena and admissions tests repeatedly endures more than,Will affect the implementation of the guidelines and implement,Final sacrifice...

　　李锦

LiJin

　　(来源:北京晨报)

(Sources: Beijing morning post)