本报记者 陈莹莹

Our reporter ChenYingYing

　　实习记者 毛万熙

MaoWanXi practice reporter

　　多位专家17日在出席中国开放新阶段高峰论坛时表示，我国在经济结构调整方面取得了一定成就，应坚持市场化道路，加快国民收入分配结构改革，同时，多渠道增加居民可支配收入，降低储蓄率，提高消费率。

Several experts and 17 on the China's opening up new stage peak BBS said,China's economic structure adjustment has made certain achievements,Should stick to marketization road,To speed up the national income distribution structure reform,At the same time,Multi-channel increase the residents' disposable income,Reduce the savings rate,Improve consumption rate.

多管齐下加快经济结构调整 Multi-pronged approach.we speed up economic restructuring

　　北京大学国家发展研究院名誉院长、前世界银行副行长兼首席经济学家林毅夫认为，经济结构调整是中国避免掉入中等收入陷阱的一个“法宝”。中国改革开放取得了巨大成绩，但也出现了收入分配不均、环境恶化等问题。没有持续的结构变迁，就没有技术的不断创新、产业的不断升级、软硬基础设置结构的不断变革，就会掉入中等收入陷阱。

Beijing university national development honorary President of the institute/Former world bank vice President and chief economist Justin yifu Lin think,The economic structure adjustment is China avoid falling into middle-income trap a"Magic weapon".China's reform and opening up have made great achievement,But also appears the uneven distribution of income/Environmental degradation.No lasting structure change,There is no technical innovation/Industry escalating/The structure of the hard and soft foundation set up constantly change,Will fall into the trap of medium income.

　　林毅夫认为，与“休克”疗法等发展模式对比，中国的“双轨制”很成功。其中，“双轨制”既补贴原来优先发展但缺乏实力的企业，又开放原来抑制的符合比较优势的劳动力的产业部门，允许外资、民资进入，使经济取得快速发展。但是“双轨制”保护了没有自生能力的企业，压低了资源价格，产生了很多垄断部门。

Justin yifu Lin think,and"shock"Treatment such development pattern contrast,China's"Double track system"Very successful.the,"Double track system"Both subsidies for priority development but lack of strength of the enterprise,And open the original inhibition is in conformity with the comparative advantage of labor force sector,Foreign investment is allowed to/Into what,Make economy has made rapid development.but"Double track system"Protect the lack of viability of the enterprise,Down the price of resources,Generates a lot of monopolies.

　　林毅夫不赞成政府在调整经济结构中消极无为，政府不发挥积极作用就是自废“武功”，永远不可能赶超发达国家。他建议政府发挥因势利导的作用，深化改革，完成“双轨制”向市场单轨过度，取消对符合比较优势的国有企业的补贴，允许民资进入垄断领域；发展给农户、中小企业提高金融服务的中小金融机构，提高资源费率到合理水平；支持基础科研，鼓励创新，建立专利与知识产权保护，采购创新产品，支持新兴产业。

Justin yifu Lin did not approve of the government in the adjustment of economic structure in negative doing nothing,The government does not play a positive role is that the waste"Fighting skill",Can never catch up with the developed countries.He suggested that the government should play the role of improve the occasion,Deepening reform,complete"Double track system"To market monorail excessive,Cancel to conform to the comparative advantages of the state-owned enterprise subsidies,What was allowed to enter the field of monopoly;Development to farmers/Small and medium-sized enterprises to improve financial services of small and medium-sized financial institutions,Improve resources rate to a reasonable level;Support basic scientific research,Encourage innovation,Establish patent and intellectual property protection,Purchasing innovative products,Support emerging industry.

　　国务院发展研究中心对外经济研究部部长隆国强认为，在全球化背景下，经济结构升级的内涵跟过去相比，已发生深刻变化。日韩崛起时，经济结构升级是产业间的升级，而现在更多是生产价值链间的升级，应将目光放到生产价值链间的升级上。

The state council development research center, department of foreign economic research zhanglongjiudian kingdom strong think,Under the background of globalization,The connotation of the economic structure upgrade with than in the past,Deep changes have taken place.Rise of Japan and Korea when,The economic structure upgrade is between industry upgrade,And now more production value chain is between the upgrade,Eye on the value chain should be production between the upgrade.

　　隆国强提醒，虽然中国在调整产业结构上取得了阶段性成就，但是结构升级是永无止境的过程，是包括追赶型国家、顶尖国家在内的所有国家都要面临的任务，中国绝不能自满。未来，中国作为后起国家，要利用好外部市场。供给结构是需求结构决定的，如果后起国家只面向国内市场，那么落后的消费结构将产生落后的供给结构。利用好外部市场是加快结构升级的一个要点。

Lung kingdom strong remind,Although the Chinese in the readjustment of industrial structure made staggered achievement,But the structure upgrade is a never-ending process,Is including ZhuiGanXing countries/Top countries - all countries face task,China can never complacent.The future,China as a country of the younger generation,To make good use of external market.Supply structure is demand structure decision,If later country only focus on domestic market,So backward consumption structure will produce backward supply structure.Make good use of the external market is to speed up the structure upgrade, a point.

改革收入分配体制刻不容缓 It is very urgent to reform the income distribution system

　　国民收入分配结构的改革是调整经济结构的重要一极。清华大学经管学院副院长、经济系主任白重恩认为，要调整经济结构，改革收入分配体制刻不容缓。

The national income distribution structure of the reform is to adjust the economic structure, an important pole.Tsinghua university, vice President of the college charge/The economic BaiChongEn think,To adjust the economic structure,It is very urgent to reform the income distribution system.

　　白重恩认为，2008年以来的高投资率是反常的，投资回报率从1993年的15.7%下降到2010年的5.1%，今后不宜继续增加投资率。尽管中国的人均资本占有量远远低于发达国家，投资还有很大空间，但提高投资率不能带来持续增长。投资需要稳步增长的全要素生产率一起稳步进行，改善投资效率。

BaiChongEn think,Since 2008's high rate of investment is abnormal,Rate of return on investment in 1993 from 15.7% to 5.1% in 2010,The future is unfavorable, continue to increase the rate of investment.Although China's per capita capital possessive amount is lower than the developed countries,Investment also has the very big space,But improve the investment rate does not bring sustained growth.Investment need steady growth of the total factor productivity together on steadily,Improve the investment efficiency.

　　为了保证投资率不增加，白重恩认为，需要降低高储蓄率。储蓄率高的原因并非是通常认为的居民部门储蓄率过高，而是政府储蓄和企业储蓄增长较快。因劳动者报酬占比下降过快，居民部门可支配收入占比大幅下降，政府和企业部门可支配收入增加较多。

In order to ensure not to increase rate of investment,BaiChongEn think,Need to reduce the high savings rate.Reasons of high savings rate is not usually the inhabitants of that department of high savings rate,But the government savings and enterprise savings is growing rapidly.Because laborer compensation than drop of too fast,Residents department of disposable income than plunged,The government and the enterprise department more disposable income increase.

　　白重恩指出，要提高居民部门可支配收入占比，一要增加劳动收入，如大力发展服务业、减少垄断、降低税赋、进一步对外开放；二要增加居民财产性收入，如拓宽居民投资渠道、提高存款利息；三要加强社会保障、做好再分配，如用国企分红支持社保、降低社保缴费率。

BaiChongEn pointed out that,To improve residents department of disposable income than,A to increase the labor income,Such as to greatly develop the service industry/Reduce monopoly/Reduce taxes/The further opening;Two residents to increase the property income,Such as widening residents investment channels/Improve deposit interest;Third, we need to strengthen the social security/Completes the redistribution,If use state-owned enterprises share out bonus support social security/Reduce social security payment rate.

　　清华大学中国与世界经济研究中心主任李稻葵通过研究发现，中国经济结构已经开始改善，出现了再平衡的端倪。一是贸易顺差在迅速缩减，从2008年占GDP的8.8%降到2011年的2.7%；二是重新计算的居民消费率从2007年开始改善，已从2007年的35%上升到2011年的39%。

Tsinghua university of China and the world economic research center director LiDaoKui through the study found,China's economic structure has started to improve,Appeared again the beginning of balance.One is the trade surplus in the rapid reduction,From 8.8% of GDP in 2008 to 2.7% in 2011;The second is to calculation of residents consumption rate from 2007 began to improve,Has risen from 35% in 2007 to 39% in 2011.

　　李稻葵认为，消费率出现U型回升、结构改善的核心动力是农村剩余劳动力正在迅速减少，引起工资不断提高，劳动收入占GDP比重回升，进一步推动居民可支配收入占比上升。所以说，结构改善的主要动力来自于市场机制，而非任何短期或刺激性政策的驱动。中国经济结构调整应坚持市场化道路，让市场机制更好地发挥作用。

LiDaoKui think,Consumption rate appeared U picks up/Structure to improve the core power is the countryside surplus labor force are rapidly disappearing,Cause wage continuously improve,Labor income GDP picks up,Further promote residents' disposable income of more than rise.so,The main power structure was improved from the market mechanism,Rather than any short-term or irritating policy driver.China's economic structure adjustment should be insisted on marketization road,Let the market mechanism function better.