在建设世界一流大学、培养创新型人才、建设高等教育强国的进程中，举国上下都在思考这样一个问题：如何闯出一条建设世界一流大学的中国道路或者中国模式？承载着这样一个使命，一批“中国高教改革的试验田”大学横空出世：体制内的南方科技大学、汕头大学等；体制外的宁波诺丁汉大学、西交利物浦大学和上海纽约大学等。这些大学都在以一种“大无畏”的创新精神进行着中国建设一流大学道路的探索，给中国高等教育带来了一种全新的空气，成为中国高等教育的“鲶鱼”。这其中又尤以南方科技大学和上海纽约大学最具代表性和影响力。

In building the world-class university/The cultivation of the innovative talents/Construction of higher education in the process of power,The whole nation is thinking about such a question:How to rush out a build a world class university Chinese road or Chinese model?Carrying such a mission,A group of"China's higher education reform experimental field"University birth without notice:In the system of the south university of science and technology/Shantou university and other;The system of ningbo university of Nottingham/Xjtlu and Shanghai New York university, etc.These universities are in a"dauntless"Spirit of innovation on China construction first-class university, the exploration of the road,For China's higher education has brought a new air,Become China's higher education's"catfish".This among them and especially in the south university of science and technology and Shanghai university of New York is the most representative and influential.

　　在近十年的时间里，这些大学进行了一系列的探索，正在走出一条既有中国大学特色，又有世界大学精髓的发展之路。在大学设置方面，这些大学突破了中国现有高校设置的模式和制度。南方科技大学越过了“大专”、“学院”设置阶段，直接被批准为研究型大学，而如果依照现有制度，这个时间将超过10年甚至20年。上海纽约大学、宁波诺丁汉大学则成为独立法人大学，而之前的中外合作办学均不具备独立法人资格。在大学与社会、政府关系方面，这些学校创建了一种法制化的契约模式。南方科技大学把理事会作为沟通大学与社会和政府的桥梁，深圳市政府颁布了《南方科技大学管理暂行办法》，从而把大学与社会和政府的关系建立在法制的基础之上。上海纽约大学亦将组建自己的董事会，以协调大学与社会和政府的关系。在大学内部治理方面，这些大学同样探索出了一条中国特色的现代大学制度。《南方科技大学管理暂行办法》规定，“南科大坚持追求卓越、学术自由、学者自律的大学精神，遵循理事会治理、教授治学、学术自治的原则，培育和发挥大学应有的活力和创造力，实行党委领导下的校长负责制，并按照本办法和南科大章程对大学实施管理。”“理事会为南科大的决策机构”。南方科技大学依规成立了具有实际职责的学术委员会、教授会。很明显这些举措均是对中国现有大学治理模式“党委领导下的校长负责制”的一个重大创新。上海纽约大学将基本套用美国纽约大学的治理模式，只是校长由中方华东师范大学校长俞立中担任。在招生方面，这些大学将最大限度地行使大学自主权，突破中国大学目前的招生模式，进行自主招生的探索。南方科技大学首批45名学生没有参加高考，完全自主招生入学。2012年，南方科技大学将采取“以高考为基础的自主招生”方案，学生的高考成绩将占总成绩的40%，平日成绩与南科大的综合能力测评成绩则各占30%。上海纽约大学将在2013年正式招生，招收的中国学生将占50%以上，高考成绩虽是一个重要参考指标，但将积极借鉴美方的学生评价考核方式。在教师聘任方面，这些学校均实行全球招聘；在学生授课方面，均采取全英教学等。所有这些举措，正伴随着良好的声誉逐渐发酵，形成中国高等教育的“鲶鱼效应”。

In recent decades,These university conducted a series of exploration,Is out of a both Chinese university characteristics,And the world university essence development road.In the setting of university,These university breakthrough the Chinese existing university set mode and system.The south across the university of science and technology"college"/"college"Setting stage,Direct approved as a research university,And if in accordance with the existing system,This time will more than 10 years or 20 years.Shanghai New York university/Ningbo university of Nottingham university became independent legal person,And before the chinese-foreign cooperation in running schools shall not have the independent legal person qualification.In the university and society/The relations,These schools to create a kind of legal contract mode.The south university of science and technology as the council communication university and society and the government's bridge,Shenzhen government promulgated the[The interim measures for the administration of the university of science and technology],Thus the university and society and government relations based on the basis of the legal system.Shanghai New York university will also set up his own the board of directors,To coordinate university and society and government relations.In the university internal management aspects,The university also explores a Chinese characteristic modern university system.[The interim measures for the administration of the university of science and technology]provisions,"South university adhere to the pursuit of excellence/Academic freedom/Scholars self-discipline university spirit,Follow the council management/Reserch professor/The principle of academic autonomy,Cultivating and universities should play the vitality and creativity,Implements the party committee under the leadership of the headmaster responsibility system,And according to these measures and south hkust articles of association of university management.""The board of directors to south university decision-making mechanism".The south university of science and technology was established in accordance with the rules of practical responsibility academic committee/Professor will.Obviously these measures are on China's existing university governance mode"The President responsibility system under the leadership of the party committee"A major innovation.Shanghai New York university will be the basic form of New York university governance mode,Only by the Chinese President east China normal university as the principal YuLiZhong.In the recruitment of students in,The university will maximize the exercise of university autonomy,Breakthrough the Chinese university current enrollment mode,For the exploration of autonomous enrolment.The south university of science and technology the first 45 students did not attend the university entrance exam,Completely independent recruit students admission.In 2012,,The south university of science and technology will take"On the basis of the college entrance examination in the independent recruitment of students"scheme,The students of the university entrance exam will account for 40% of the total grade,Weekdays achievements and south hkust comprehensive ability evaluation result is all accounted for 30%.Shanghai New York university will in 2013 formal admissions,For Chinese students will account for more than 50%,Though the university entrance exam is an important reference index,But will actively learn from the United States students evaluation mode.In the teachers' employment aspects,These schools shall implement a global recruitment;In the student teaching aspects,All take the whole English teaching, etc.All these measures,Is with good reputation gradually fermentation,China's higher education of the formation"Catfish effect".

　　虽然体制内大学与体制外大学都在积极探索中国的世界一流大学建设道路，但它们之间还是有明显的不同。在出资建设方面，体制内的南方科技大学由深圳政府出资建设；上海纽约大学则由浦东区出资，纽约大学主要贡献的是管理理念和教学资源。在大学与社会关系方面，南方科技大学实现的是理事会制，政府仍将会对大学施加较大的影响；上海纽约大学则实行的是董事会制，政府和社会对大学的影响将会得到有效限制。在内部治理方面，南方科技大学虽然实施理事会治理，教授治校，但仍然坚持“党委领导下的校长负责制”；上海纽约大学将会实施董事会治理，虽然仍将设置大学党委书记，但书记职责将限于政治领导。在招生方面，南方科技大学是国内招生；上海纽约大学则是全球招生，只是中国学生将占50%以上。在教师聘任方面，南方科技大学实施全球聘任，上海纽约大学虽然面向全球招聘教师队伍，但主要以纽约大学和华东师范大学师资为主。在教学过程与毕业环节，两校也有很大不同。南方科技大学没有规定严格的海外游学经历，毕业后取得南方科技大学毕业证书；上海纽约大学则规定学生本科期间将有1～2个学期的海外游学经历，毕业后可拿到纽约大学和上海纽约大学的两个毕业证书。

Although system in university and the university system in actively explore China's building the world-class university road,But between them there are still significant different.In the capital construction,In the system of university of science and technology south by shenzhen government investment construction;Shanghai New York university by the PuDongOu contribution,New York university main contribution is management concept and teaching resources.In the university and social relations,The south university of science and technology can realize the board system,The government will continue to exert great influence to university;Shanghai New York university is executes is the board of directors system,The government and the society to the influence of the university will get effective restriction.In the internal governance,The south university of science and technology while implementing board governance,Professor managing,But still adhere to the"The President responsibility system under the leadership of the party committee";Shanghai New York university will implement board governance,Although will still set university secretary of the party committee,But secretary responsibility will be limited to the political leadership.In the recruitment of students in,The south university of science and technology is the recruit students;Shanghai New York university is global recruitment of students,Only Chinese students will account for more than 50%.In the teachers' employment aspects,The south university of science and technology implementation global employment,Shanghai New York university while facing the global recruiting teachers,But mainly in New York university and east China normal university teachers give priority to.In the teaching process and graduation segment,Two schools also have very different.The south university of science and technology is not specified in the strict oversea experience,After graduation from the university of science and technology has the graduation certificate;Shanghai New York university is required students during undergraduate course will have 1 ~ 2 term of oversea experience,After graduation can get the New York university and Shanghai New York university two graduation certificate.

　　当然，在这些学校探索中国大学发展模式的同时，其自身也在随着外部环境的要求而作了变通处理。比如南方科技大学立志要去行政化，其副校长却明确了行政级别；实施理事会治理，却又必须遵守中国高等教育法“高等学校实施党委领导下的校长负责制”这一强制性规定；坚持学术自治，学术委员会和教授会并没有实质性的决定权；坚持自主招生，却又不得不把高考作为一项主要评价依据，等等。上海纽约大学也会存在这样和那样的“不得已”，其董事会治理模式也注定不会与美国纽约大学完全相同，一定会加入中国元素。但所有这些都不会影响这些学校履行“高教改革试验田”使命。从国内外大学发展的实践来看，建设世界一流大学，必须具备以下几个条件：一是制度，包括大学与社会、政府的关系制度和大学内部的治理制度；二是资源，包括人、财、物的拥有程度；三是师资，即是否具有一支一流的大学教师队伍；四是学生，即是否能录取到最好的生源；五是文化，即是否有一个求真、自由的大学文化氛围。这些大学无疑在以上这些方面都做了有益的探索，并取得了一些令人欣喜的成绩。这些学校的贡献将注定会影响中国高等教育的今天和明天。

Of course,In these schools in China to explore the model of university development at the same time,Its is in itself as the external environment and the requirements of the flexible processing.Such as the south university of science and technology to want to go to the administrative,The vice President was made clear administrative levels;Implementation of the board of directors governance,The but again must abide by Chinese higher education"High school implement the party committee under the leadership of the headmaster responsibility system"The mandatory provisions;Adhere to the academic autonomy,Academic committee and professor will and no substantial discretion;Adhere to the independent enrollment,But I have to take college entrance examination as a main evaluation basis,, etc.Shanghai New York university will there is such and such"forced",Its board of directors governance mode is not destined to be exactly the same with the United States New York university,Will join China element.But all of these will not affect these school performance"Higher education reform experimental field"mission.From the practice of university development both at home and abroad come to see,Build a world class university,Must have the following several conditions:One is the system,Including university and society/The relationship between the government system and the university internal management system;The second is resources,Including people/wealth/Things have degree;Three is a teacher,Namely, whether has a first-class university teachers;Four is the student,Namely, whether can recruit the best students;Five is culture,As to whether there is a truth/Free university culture atmosphere.These university undoubtedly in these respects has done a beneficial exploration,And made some entrancing result.The contribution of these schools will be doomed will affect China's higher education today and tomorrow.