缓解本科生就业难，还是为追求研究型大学？

Relieve undergraduates employment difficult,Or to pursue research university?

　　研究型大学，不在于规模有多大，而在于水平有多高

Research university,How much is not scale,But in how high level

　　今年，我国研究生计划招生规模为584416人，与2003年的26万多人相比，10年间翻了一番。

This year,Our country graduate recruitment of students scale plan for 584416 people,More than 260000 people and 2003 compared,10 years doubled.

　　这些多高校扩大研究生规模，是为了缓解本科生就业难，还是有其他更深层次的原因？

These university graduate students expand the scale,In order to relieve undergraduates employment difficult,There are still other the deeper reason?

高校出现本研比例倒挂现象 In this research the proportion fuchsia phenomenon

　　昨天，记者电话采访了21世纪教育研究院副院长熊丙奇。从2003年开始，熊丙奇就开始关注研究生扩招现象。

yesterday,Reporter telephone interview the 21st century education institute, vice President of the XiongBingJi.Begin from 2003,XiongBingJi started to pay attention to the phenomenon of graduate student enrollment.

　　当年，本科生出现就业难现象，有人提出扩大研究生规模来缓解。一时，众多高校竞相追逐研究生规模。重点大学定位为研究型大学，扩大研究生规模，一般本科院校则乘机申请硕士点、博士点。

the,Undergraduate appear the phenomenon of difficult employment,Someone put forward to ease graduate scale.At that time,Many universities to pursue graduate scale.Key university positioning for research university,Expand the scale of graduate students,General undergraduate colleges and universities is to apply for master degree program/Doctoral program.

　　熊丙奇说，研究生扩招在一定程度上缓解了本科生就业难，但高校主要还是看中了研究生招生巨大的生源市场，迎合了社会上畸形的高学历消费需求。

XiongBingJi said,Graduate student enrollment expansion in a certain extent alleviate the difficult employment undergraduate students,But the main or take a fancy to the graduate admissions huge germ market,Cater to the society on the highly educated consumer demand deformity.

　　从去年的毕业人数来看，北大、中科大、清华等10所高校的研究生毕业人数，都超过了当年的本科生毕业人数。其中，中山大学的研究生毕业人数比本科多3300多人，中国人大、中南大学多出2800多人，北大多出2500多人。这就是说，至少3年前，这些高校的研究生招生规模就超过了本科生。

From last year's graduation arrivals,north/ZhongKeDa/Tsinghua university, and other 10 universities and the number of graduate student,That is more than the number of undergraduate students.the,Zhongshan university graduate than undergraduate course of more than 3300 people,China's National People's Congress/Central south university more than 2800 people,Peking University more than 2500 people.This means that,At least 3 years ago,These dimensions of graduate student recruit students of the university, more than undergraduate.

　　武大2002年硕士生招生计划只有4000人，此后增长很快，2006年4800人，2007年4900人，2008年5000人，2009年5900人，2010年6100人，2012年招生规模达到7704人（硕士生6140人，博士生1564人），而2012年本科生招生规模才7650人。

Wu3 da4 master in 2002 to recruit students to plan only 4000 people,Since then the fast growing,In 2006, 4800 people,In 2007, 4900 people,In 2008, 5000 people,In 2009, 5900 people,In 2010, 6100 people,In 2012, the recruitment of students scale up to 7704 people(Master's 6140 people,1564 people of doctoral student),And in 2012 undergraduate enrollment scale only 7650 people.

　　2012年，华中科大研究生招生规模7652人（硕士生6210人，博士1442人），本科生7500人。而武汉理工和华中师大硕士生也发展很快，今年的招生数量分别是3730人和3130人。

In 2012,,Central China university dimensions of graduate student recruit students 7652 people(Master's 6210 people,Dr. 1442 people),7500 undergraduates.Central China normal university, wuhan institute of technology, and master also develops very quickly,This year's enrollment number is 3730 people and 3130 people respectively.

　　北大清华两校的情况比武汉高校更严重，研究生总数早已超过本科生，其中清华大学本科生与研究生比例为0.61:1。

Peking University and tsinghua university two school of wuhan university is more serious than,Total number of graduate students have more than undergraduate,The tsinghua university undergraduate and graduate student ratio is 0.61:1.

有的导师一人带30个研究生 Some teachers with a 30 graduate student

　　研究生的不断扩招，使得高校原本不“富裕”的师资捉襟见肘。

The graduate student's enrollment expansion,Make college was not"rich"Starved of the teachers.

　　近几年来，媒体频频见报，称一名教授带十多名甚至数十名研究生，有些学生一年也没见过导师几回。“一个人带这么多学生，怎么可能培养出好的人才来。”

In recent years,Media frequently appear,Say a professor with more than 10 or even dozens of graduate students,Some students a year also haven't seen teacher a few back."A person with so many students,How can cultivate good talent."

　　有资料显示，2008年我国博士学位授予数就超过了美国，成为世界上最大的博士学位授予国。2009年，全国在校博士生24.63万名，是1999年的4.56倍。

The data shows,In 2008, number of doctorates awarded more than the United States,As the world's largest doctorate awarded the kingdom.In 2009,,The doctoral student in 246300,Is 4.56 times that of 1999.

　　武大中国科学评价中心调研发现，目前，包括北大、浙江大学、武大、华中科大等6校在内，每年招收研究生规模在6600以上，这意味着，这些高校研究生在校规模超过2万人，其他万人规模的高校更是不在少数。

Wu3 da4 China science evaluation center survey found,At present,Including Peking University/Zhejiang university/Wu3 da4/Central China university, six school,Recruit every year graduate scale in 6600 above,This means that,These university graduate school size more than 20000 people,The other ten thousand people scale of university is not a few.

　　这么多的学生，那么师资力量如何？2008年，五年一次的全国科技工作者状况调查表示，我国15.7%的研究生导师指导的在读研究生在10人以上（含10人），还有近1%的导师指导的在读研究生在20人以上，有的甚至达到30人。而美国高校中，每个导师同时指导的研究生人数一般为2—3人，5—6人属较高水平。

So many students,So teachers?In 2008,,Five years a national science and technology workers condition investigation said,Our country 15.7% of graduate teacher guidance is reading a graduate student in more than 10 people(Containing 10 people),And nearly 1% of teacher guidance is reading a graduate student in more than 20 people,Some even up to 30 people.And the United States in the university,Every teacher and guiding student number is generally 2-3 people,5-6 people belong to a higher level.

　　一直以来，武汉大学在不断扩大研究生导师规模。目前，博士生导师1290余名，硕士生导师2680余名，相比国内其他高校，师生比例算不错的，但面对如此多的研究生，也还有些吃力。

Has been,Wuhan university in expanding graduate teacher scale.At present,More than 1290 doctoral tutor,Master tutor more than 2680,Compared with other domestic universities,Student-staff ratio is good,But in the face of so many graduate students,Also some sweaty.

　　按照国际经验，一位导师同时指导2—3名研究生效果较好；5—6名是导师精力许可范围内、能够保证培养质量的上限。考虑到我国研究生培养的现状，按照一个导师一年招收1—2名研究生计算，3年内同时指导的研究生数量应为3—6名。

According to international experience,A teacher at the same time guiding 2-3 graduate student effect is good;5-6 name is teacher energy within the scope of license/To ensure the quality of training the upper limit.Considering the present situation of graduate education in our country,According to a teacher a year for 1 - two graduate calculation,Three years at the same time, the quantity of graduate students guidance should be 3 - six.

硕士生就业率不如本科生 Master's employment rate than undergraduates

　　《全国高校毕业生就业状况》数据显示，自考研人数首次突破百万的2005年开始，一直到2009年，硕士生就业率连续下降。2009年和2010年，硕士生的就业率甚至不及本科生。

[The national college graduates employment status]Data display,Since the number of one's deceased father grind for the first time in began in 2005,Until 2009,Master's employment continuous decline.In 2009 and 2010,The master's employment and even less than undergraduates.

　　一份来自江苏省人才市场的统计也佐证这种尴尬：2011年高校毕业生中，研究生就业率为86.62%，本科生为90.30%，专科生为94.10%，研究生就业率低于专科生就业率近8个百分点。

A from jiangsu province talent market statistics also evidence the embarrassed:In 2011 the college graduates,Graduate employment rate is 86.62%,Undergraduate students is 90.30%,Junior college student is 94.10%,Graduate employment rate below the junior college student employment rate nearly 8%.

　　武大中国科学评价中心负责人邱均平说，我国目前有30多所985高校自我定位为研究型大学。

Wu3 da4 China science evaluation center person in charge high are flat said,China currently has more than 30 985 university self positioning for research university.

　　研究型大学与教学型大学之分，来源于国外。随着我国本科生规模扩大、质量提高，我国985高校渐渐加快了研究型大学的建设步伐。邱均平说，我国有几所大学是国际上承认的研究型大学，虽然这还没有定论，但我国的研究型大学与发达国家相比，差距很大。“这些高校，以为研究生规模扩大了，就是研究型大学了，其实相差甚远。”对高校一味追求规模的做法，熊丙奇也不以为然。

Research universities and teaching of the university of points,From abroad.With China's undergraduate expand the scale/Quality improvement,Our country 985 universities gradually accelerated the pace of the construction of research university.High are flat said,Our country has a few university is the international admitted that research universities,Although it has not yet been determined,But China's research university compared with the developed countries,difference."These colleges and universities,Thought graduate scale expanded,Is a research university,In fact far."In colleges and universities blindly pursue scale approach,XiongBingJi also disagree.

质量下降该“刹车”了 Quality decline this"brake"the

　　面对研究生大扩招，熊丙奇发出警告：本身我们研究生质量就在下滑，再如此扩大规模，质量还将进一步下滑，甚至会超出我们的估计。

In the face of the graduate student large expansion,XiongBingJi warned:Itself we graduate quality is in decline,So again expanding scale,Quality will also decline further,Even beyond our estimate.

　　武大中国科学评价中心负责人邱均平说，我国研究生最当紧的是控制规模，提高质量。“有些导师招得太多了，有些资深教授，一届就带5、6名博士，10多个硕士生，几届下来都有一个班的规模了，他有那么多精力吗？”

Wu3 da4 China science evaluation center person in charge high are flat said,Graduate students in China the most DangJin is to control the size,Improve quality."Some teacher recruit too much,Some senior professor,A session took five/6 doctor,More than 10 master,Several session down there is a class of the scale,He has so much energy?"

　　邱均平还对“官员博士”现象进行了批评。相比全日制研究生，在职研究生质量更堪忧，高校为了争取所谓的社会资源，不惜为一些官员大开绿灯。

High are flat on"Dr. Officials"The phenomenon of criticism.Compared with full-time graduate students,On-the-job graduate quality scores more,College in order to strive for the so-called social resources,For some officials at the green light.

　　“高校如此扩张研究生规模，是急功近利的表现。”熊丙奇质疑高校的做法。但他同时认为，有时候学校也很无奈：社会评价高校的“好”与“坏”，往往会看它有多少个硕士点、博士点。

"University graduate scale so expansion,Is the performance of the country."XiongBingJi questioned the practice of universities.But he also think,Sometimes, the school is also very helpless:Social evaluation of the university"good"and"bad",Often can see it has how many master degree program/Doctoral program.

　　他建议，高校应尽快去行政化，扩大高校自主办学权，将办学权力交给学术委员会，由专家教授来办学，这样才能办出特色学校来。“研究生型大学，不在于它的规模有多大，而在于它的水平有多高。”

He suggested that,Universities should go to the administrative as soon as possible,Expand the right to run independently,Will the power to academic committee,By experts and professors to school,In order to develop distinctive school."University graduate student type,It is not what is the size of the,But in its level how high."

　　记者屈建成 通讯员牛奉高

Reporter correspondent in high QuJianCheng cattle