近日，世界银行、联合国世界粮食计划署和儿童发展伙伴组织的联合考察组，前往广西都安县、青海乐都县实地考察我国农村学生营养改善计划实施情况。考察组参观了农村地区的5所学校，访谈了教师、学生，并与省(区)、县教育部门和专家举行了座谈。考察后，专家组在评估意见中高度赞扬中国政府实施农村义务教育学生营养改善计划所取得的成绩，并根据国际经验提出了改进建议。

recently,The world bank/The United Nations world food program and child development partner organization joint study group,To DouAnXian in guangxi/Qinghai LeDouXian on-the-spot investigation in rural students nutrition improvement plan implementation.Study group visited the rural areas five schools,Interview the teacher/students,And and the provinces(area)/County education departments and experts held a discussion.Inspected after,Expert group in the evaluation opinions of highly praised the Chinese government implementation of rural compulsory education students nutrition improvement plan achievements,According to the international experience and some Suggestions have been put forward.

　　专家组指出，中国政府在很短的时间内将学生营养改善计划覆盖到2600万农村贫困地区义务教育阶段学生，效率非常惊人。与世界90多个实施学校供餐的国家相比，中国政府的项目具有独特优势。一是地方政府组织有序，教育、卫生和财政各部门分工明确。中央的政策与规章制度公示于每一所政策覆盖的学校，确保计划执行的规范性与统一性。二是政府出资雇佣专职厨师与食堂工作人员，是有效的教育投资。学校教师没有因学校供餐而耗费太多的时间与精力，教学质量不受负面影响。三是寄宿制学生膳食补助水平已高于同等收入的发展中国家水平。综合“营养改善计划”与“贫困寄宿生生活补贴”两项政策，寄宿制小学生每日补助约合1美元，非寄宿小学生补助标准约合0.5美元。中国农村非寄宿小学生标准与同等收入水平的发展中国家相近，而寄宿小学生的膳食补助标准已高于这些国家。四是寄宿制学校有利于学生获得公平的教育机会，也有利于营养改善。通过寄宿，可以更好地锁定受益人群，进行更好的设施配套，给予更好的补助政策，这也许是目前条件下最好的帮助处境最不利的学生的途径。五是寄宿制小学的营养改善效益更高。寄宿制小学拥有更好的营养改善配套设施，如厨房、厨具等，拥有更高的膳食补助。由学校食堂提供一日三餐，每餐平均成本约33美分。由于小学生一周内均在学校用餐，基本可保证每日一餐中有肉，这种做法更具有营养价值与效益。国际经验证明，学校供餐中保证学生摄取适量肉类，对教育效果有积极影响。六是营养改善计划受到学生普遍欢迎。考察组深深感受到，学生们对学校供餐项目的感激之情溢于言表，纷纷表示营养餐计划满足了他们需求，营养状况比过去改善很多。

Experts pointed out that,The Chinese government in a short time will students nutrition improvement plan to cover 26 million rural poor region compulsory education stage student,Efficiency is very breathtaking.And the world more than 90 executive school meals than countries,The Chinese government project has unique advantages.One is the local government well organized,education/Health and financial departments a clear division of work.The central policy and rules and regulations in every public policy coverage of the school,Ensure that plan execution of normative and unity.2 it is funded by the government employ full-time chef and dining room staff,Is effective education investment.School teachers to do not have because of school feeding and take too much time and energy,The teaching quality from the negative influence.The third is residential students dietary allowance level is higher than the same income level of developing countries.comprehensive"Nutrition improvement plan"and"Poor boarder weighting"Two policy,Residential primary school students daily allowance $$1,Not a boarding primary school students subsidy standard $0.5.China's rural non boarding primary school students standard and the same income levels similar to developing countries,And a boarding primary school students dietary allowance standard is higher than these countries.The fourth is to boarding school student to obtain fair education opportunity,Also is helpful for nutrition improvement.Through the boarding,Can better lock benefit from the crowd,Better facilities,Give better subsidy policy,Perhaps this is the condition of the best help the most unfavorable situation of students' way.Five is boarding primary school nutrition improve efficiency higher.Residential elementary school have better nutrition improve the supporting facilities,Such as the kitchen/Kitchen utensils and other,Have higher dietary allowance.The school canteen provides three meals a day,An average of about 33 cents each meal cost.Due to the pupils are within one week in the school dining,Basic can ensure that daily meal of meat,This kind of practice is more nutritional value and benefits.International experience proves that,School feeding and ensuring the students absorb right amount of meat,Education effect to have a positive impact.The sixth is nutrition improvement plan was generally welcomed students.Study group deeply feel,The students school feeding project gratitude beyond words,Expressed its plan to meet their needs,Nutritional status to improve a lot than in the past.

　　考察组对进一步实施好农村学生营养改善计划提出如下建议：一是课间加餐模式的营养效益需加强分析。与寄宿小学生的营养效益相比，非寄宿制小学课间加餐食物的效益相对较弱。课间加餐模式所选择食物多数为非新鲜食物，如盒装牛奶、袋装面包与点心、包装肠等。这类食物的营养成分应邀请营养专家进行测算与分析，同时需要考虑包装成本、运输成本、食品添加剂、食品质量等问题。应考虑与当地实际情况结合，用当地新鲜的食品代替包装食品，如用现磨豆浆代替成本很高的盒装牛奶等。二是学校供餐可采用强化食品。国际上，一些中等收入国家通常将微量营养元素强化面粉和强化大米及其他食物用于学生营养改善项目，可较快改善学生营养缺乏状况，成本低，效果明显。可参考实际需求及营养专家的意见与建议，制定相应学生标准。三是加强本地采购，支持贫困地区农民增加收入。巴西规定30%的学校供餐支出要用于当地采购。农民生产规模小，供应可能不及时，可采取辅助农民生产和多点订购的做法。四是加强对学校供餐的研究，包括分析食品质量与营养价值;保证食品安全;供餐方法的成本和效益;学生食品的全供应链及与小农户生产之间关系等。五是加强政策实施的绩效评估，包括学生的营养状况，在校学习成绩，对地方经济的影响等。六是通过立法确保学生营养改善计划的可持续性。中国的学生营养改善计划包括在教育规划和教育政策中，其效果要好于将其置于减贫政策中。一些国家将学生营养改善计划包括在减贫政策中，当贫困状态改善后，学生营养改善计划也随之消失。完善的营养改善政策已经引起各国高度关注，如美国、日本、智利、印度、巴西,都已通过立法确保学生营养改善的地位与效果。

Study group to further implement good rural students nutrition improvement Suggestions are as follows:One is to break the tome mode need to strengthen nutrition efficiency analysis.And a boarding primary school students nutrition than benefit,Non residential elementary school break the benefit of meat food is relatively weak.Break tome mode choice food most is a fresh food,Such as box of milk/Bagged bread and cookies/Packaging im so.This kind of food nutrients nutrition experts shall be invited for calculation and analysis,At the same time to consider the packaging cost/Transportation cost/Food additives/Food quality problem.Should consider and local actual condition combination,With the local fresh food instead of food packaging,If use now soya-bean grinding instead of cost high box of milk, etc.The second is school feeding can use fortified food.The international,Some middle-income countries usually will trace nutrient element enriched flour and the strengthening of rice and other food for student nutrition improvement projects,Can rapidly improve student deficiency status,Low cost,effect.May refer to the actual demand and nutrition expert opinion and the suggestion,To formulate relevant standards students.Three is to strengthen local procurement,Support poverty-stricken areas increase in farmers' income.Brazil provisions 30% of school meals expenditure to used for local purchase.Farmers small production scale,Supply may not timely,Can adopt auxiliary the peasants' production and multipoint order approach.The fourth is to strengthen school feeding research,Includes analysis of the food quality and nutritional value;Ensuring food security;Feeding method of cost and benefit,Students of all food supply chain and small farmers production such as relationship between.Five is to strengthen policy implementation of the performance evaluation,Including students' nutritional status,The school grades,On the influence of the local economy.The sixth is through the legislation to ensure that students nutrition improvement plan sustainability.Chinese students nutrition improvement plan included in education plan and education policy,Its effect is better than the placed it in poverty reduction policy.Some countries will students nutrition improvement plan included in poverty reduction policy,When poverty after improvement,Students nutrition improvement plan ceases.Perfect nutrition improve policy has attracted attention all countries,Such as the United States/Japan/Chile/India/Brazil,Have passed legislation to ensure that students improve nutritional status and effect.

　　考察组认为，总体看来，在世界范围内，中国农村学生营养改善计划是一项了不起的计划，覆盖人数多，执行质量高，实为罕见。这项计划对儿童的发展有着莫大的积极影响,很多经验也值得其他国家学习与借鉴。

Study group think,overall,In the worldwide,China's rural students nutrition improvement plan is a great plan,Cover number,Executive high quality,Is actually rare.The plan to children's development has a great positive influence,A lot of experience is worth learning and reference for other countries.