家长 不了解、有误读 Parents don't understand/Have misread

　　虽然《3~6岁儿童学习与发展指南》已经发布了半个多月，但很多家长表示并不知情，甚至连在某知名亲子网站工作，有两个孩子的李女士也表示，她和同事还不了解这一《指南》。当记者介绍说这一指南涉及了健康、语言等5个领域，有近50页，包括3岁学会不跟陌生人走、4岁学会体谅父母辛劳等等内容时，李女士非常惊讶。

although[3 ~ 6 years old children's learning and development guidelines]Has issued more than half a month,But many parents said is not informed,Even in a well-known parent-child site work,Have two children of ms. Li also said,She and her colleagues also don't understand this[guide].When the reporter said the guide involved in health/Language, as well as five areas,Nearly 50 pages,Including 3 years old learn not heel stranger away/4 years old learn to be considerate of parents toil and so on contents,Ms. Li was very surprised.

　　尽管在《指南》里和教育部针对《指南》所作的相关问答中都明确提出，“尊重幼儿发展的个体差异，支持和引导他们从原有水平向更高水平发展，按照自身的速度和方式到达《指南》所呈现的发展‘阶梯’，切忌用一把‘尺子’衡量所有幼儿”，但和孔女士一样，对《指南》有所耳闻或在网络、媒体上见过相关报道的家长，第一印象都会将其理解为是给不同年龄段的孩子设置了相应的标准，这也是《指南》在网络上惹来抨击的重要原因。如有网友就表示，“我觉得这些所谓的教育指南跟现在的素质教育是一样的，在什么年龄阶段要达到什么样的教育期望，如果达不到是不是就说明那个小孩是差生呢？每个小孩的兴趣爱好和潜在特长不一样，我觉得让孩子根据自己的兴趣爱好和特长来发展最好。”

Although in[guide]And in the ministry of education[guide]The related questions are put forward,"Respect for children's development of individual differences,Support and guide them from the original level to a higher level of development,According to their own speed and way to get[guide]The development of the present‘step’,Avoid by all means use a‘ruler’Measure all children",But as ms and hole,to[guide]Have heard or in the network/Media seen coverage of the parents,The first impression will its understanding for is for different age children to set up corresponding standard,This is[guide]On the network to provoke to the attack of the important reasons.If there is a net friend said,"I think these so-called education guide with the present quality education is the same,At what age stage to achieve what kind of education expectation,If can not reach is means that the child is the difference to live it?Each child's interests and potential specialty is not the same,I think that lets the child according to their interests and expertise to develop better."

　　就目前家长对《指南》不理解或误读，江苏省教育科学研究院幼教与特教研究所研究员、尹坚勤认为，《指南》不只指向教育机构，还指向家庭，这就让《指南》的推广更加复杂，“我们不应泛化《指南》的意义，一旦泛化就会僵化，容易造成家长对《指南》的片面理解。

To the parents[guide]Don't understand or misreading,Jiangsu education science research institute researcher at the institute of childcare and s/YinJianQin think,[guide]Not only point to education institutions,Also point to the family,This let[guide]The promotion of more complex,"We should not generalization[guide]significance,Once the generalization harden,Easy to cause the parents to[guide]One-sided understanding.

幼儿园 《指南》更细化、更具体 kindergarten [guide]More refining/More specific

　　“在《指南》发布之前，已有《幼儿园教育指导纲要》，该纲要的实施细则，幼儿园快乐与发展课程等一系列指导措施。与以往的相比，这次的《指南》也是分为了5大领域，但每个领域提出的目标相应的教育建议更为具体。”西城区某市级示范园的宋老师表示。

"in[guide]Before release,existing[The kindergarten education guidelines],The detailed rules for the implementation of the guidelines,Kindergarten happy and development course and a series of guiding measures.Compared with the past,the[guide]Also is divided into five areas,But every field targets corresponding education more specific Suggestions."A demonstration of xicheng district municipal song teacher said.

　　崇文三幼园长袁春芬也认为， 新出台的《指南》对幼儿园的专业要求更规范、更细致、更具体，比如明确孩子在5-6岁阶段只要会数学10以内的加减法。现在很多家长盲目让孩子在幼儿园阶段就学到小学程度的加减法，远超出孩子能够理解和接受的水平，“幼儿园是全人教育。在3-6岁这阶段最重要的不是学知识，幼儿阶段最重要的不是学知识，而是让孩子形成终生受益的品质、态度、情感、能力、生活习惯等等。”

Chongwen three young the principal YuanChunFen also think, New on the introduction of the[guide]A kindergarten for professional demand more standardized/More detailed/More specific,Such as clear children in 5-6 years old stage as long as will mathematics the subtraction adding 10 within.Now many parents blind let children in kindergarten stage primary school to learn the degree of addition and subtraction,Far beyond the child can understand and accept level,"Kindergarten is holistic education.In the 3-6 years old this stage is the most important is not to learn knowledge,Early childhood is the most important is not to learn knowledge,But let the child to form lifelong benefit quality/attitude/emotional/ability/Habits and customs and so on."

　　红黄蓝教育机构相关负责人表示，《指南》中明确了3-6岁幼儿需达到的发展水平，供教师和家长实施教育的参考，指导我们的教育行为，“但一定要明确每个幼儿都是独立的个体，是有差异的，要做到因人施教，尊重每一个个体自身的成长速度，切忌攀比，切忌拔苗助长。”

Red yellow blue education institutions relevant person in charge said,[guide]Was made clear in the 3-6 years old children must achieve the development level,For teachers and parents implementation education reference,Guide our education behavior,"But must clear every young children are independent individuals,There are differences among,To do differential treatment in education,Respect every individual own growth speed,Avoid by all means is "keep up with the joneses",Don't spoil things by excessive enthusiasm."

权威回应 Authority response

《指南》内容需要家长全面理解 [guide]Parents need to a full understanding of the content

　　冯晓霞，北京师范大学学前教育研究所教授，教育部学前教育专家指导委员会委员，中国学前教育研究会理事长兼学术委员会主任，参与《指南》的制定

FengXiaoXia,Beijing normal university preschool education research institute professor,The ministry of education preschool education expert guidance committee,Chinese preschool education &research association and director of academic committee,Participate in[guide]formulation

　　新京报：今年5月，教育部研究制定了《3-6岁儿童学习与发展指南》（征求意见稿），近期公布的定稿做了哪些修改？

The Beijing news:In may this year,The ministry of education research established[3 to 6 years old children's learning and development guidelines](draft),The recent published finalized are doing modification?

　　冯晓霞：定稿和征求意见稿变化比较大的几个地方是：1、说明部分第二条“建立合理期望”后，增加了“实施科学的保育和教育，让幼儿度过快乐而有意义的童年”。2、说明部分第四条实施《指南》应把握的几个问题中，增加了“重视幼儿的学习品质”。因为这些品质对人一生的学习与发展来说是极为宝贵的，而它们恰恰在幼儿期开始萌发并逐渐形成雏形。3、在健康领域“基本的安全知识和自我保护能力”部分的教育建议中，增加了性保护内容。“告诉幼儿不允许别人触摸自己的隐私部位”。这是以前有关幼儿教育的文件中从来没有涉及过的内容。我个人认为，对于幼儿来说，这是最重要的性教育内容，也是最符合年龄特点和实际需要的。

FengXiaoXia:Finalized and draft change is bigger few place is:1/The second part of the article shows"To establish reasonable expectations"after,increased"Implement scientific conservation and education,Let children have a happy and meaningful childhood".2/That part of the implementation of article 4[guide]Should grasp several problems,increased"Pay attention to children's learning quality".Because of these qualities to man's life's learning and development it is extremely valuable,And they just in preschool period began to sprout and gradually formed a prototype.3/In health field"The basic safety knowledge and self-protection capability"Part of the education of Suggestions,Increase the sexual content protection."Tell children don't allow others to touch their private parts".This is about children education before the file never involved content.Personally, I think,For children,,This is the most important sexual education content,Which is the most accord with age character and actual need.

　　新京报：目前，家长的质疑主要集中在幼儿只学10以内加减，只会写自己名字等要求是不是太低？在小学择校风严重的情况下怎么过入学考试关？

The Beijing news:At present,Parents are mainly concentrated in children questioned just learn within 10 add and subtract,Only will write their names such as requirement is too low?In elementary school ZeJiaoFeng serious cases how entrance examination pass?

　　冯晓霞：在确定指南认知目标时，研制组是认真研究过国家小学数学和语文课程标准的，《指南》的要求和小学《课标》的要求是衔接的。对《指南》中科学（包括数学）和语言学习方面要求太低的说法，我认为其实是很多记者和家长没看清相关全部内容。例如，《指南》5-6岁儿童数学学习不只是10以内加减运算，还包括理解加减的实际意义，理解量的相对性，能用简单的记录表、统计图等表示简单的数量关系；能发现生活中许多问题都可以用数学来解决；能发现事物简单的排列规律，并尝试创造新的排列规律等。

FengXiaoXia:In determining the guide cognitive goal,YanZhiZu is carefully studied country elementary school mathematics and Chinese curriculum standard,[guide]Requirements and primary school[Class scale]Demand is the cohesion.to[guide]Science in(Including mathematics)And language learning requirements that are too low,I think it is a lot of reporters and their parents didn't see all related content.For example,[guide]5-6 years old children mathematics study not only 10 within addition and subtraction,Also include understanding and practical meaning,Understand amount of relativity,Use simple form/Diagram and said the number of simple relationship;Can find life many problems can use mathematics to solve;Can find things simple arrangement rule,And try to create new array law and so on.

　　这些反映数学思维的内容能说简单吗？数学不仅仅是计算，数学能力也不是简单的计算能力。《指南》没有在计算上做很高要求，而是强调让孩子初步理解数学，有初步的数学思维能力。这比仅仅会计算要重要得多。所以，请家长相信，《指南》是基于对儿童学习和发展的科研成果提出来的，是负责任的，大家需要全面理解其中的内容。

These reflect the content of mathematical thinking can speak simple?Mathematics is not only calculation,Mathematical ability also is not a simple calculation ability.[guide]Not in the calculation of the high requirements on,But emphasize let the child's preliminary understanding mathematics,A preliminary mathematical thinking ability.This ratio will merely calculation is much more important.so,Please parents believe that,[guide]Is based on children's learning and development of the scientific research achievements brought out,Is responsible,You need to fully understand the content.

　　至于目前存在的小学用考试的方式选拔学生的问题，需要在义务教育真正均衡发展的前提下解决。这确实是《指南》真正得到实施的条件之一。

As for the existing primary school students with the exam mode selection problem,Need in the compulsory education really balanced development under the premise of solving.This is indeed[guide]Really get one of the conditions of implementation.

　　新京报：对4-5岁“知道父母的职业，能体会到父母为养育自己所付出的辛劳”一条，媒体上反映较多，有的说“高中生也做不到”。

The Beijing news:To 4-5 years old"Know parents' career,Can realize the parents to raise their pay hard work"a,Media reflect more,Some said"High school students also can't do".

　　冯晓霞：确实，很多高中生大学生甚至成年人也没做到。但这正是我们教育中的问题。只知道让孩子单方面接受爱，却不知道从小让孩子懂得这种爱，那他们就会认为父母的付出是应该的。当前所谓“啃老族”的出现难道不是父母长期单方面付出所造成的吗？

FengXiaoXia:really,Many high school students and even adults also didn't do it.But this is what we education problems.Only know that lets the child unilateral accept love,But don't know from let the child know this kind of love,That they will think that parents' pay is as it should be.The current so-called"Neet group"The emergence of the parents is not caused by long-term unilaterally pay?

　　当然，对幼儿来说，体会父母的辛苦仅仅是初步的。如果认真看过这部分内容，就不会觉得这是一个多么高不可攀的要求。

Of course,For children to,Understand parents' hard work is only a preliminary.If read this part of content,Won't think this is a how unattainable requirements.

【相关影响】 [Related influence]

能否转变家长观念？ Parents can change concept?

　　袁春芬认为，《指南》的出台对家长也会产生一些影响，“喜欢模仿是幼儿阶段一个很大的特点，家长是孩子的重要学习榜样。家长如果能正确领会《指南》，树立科学育儿观，了解自己的孩子身心发展水平，要用心观察孩子，多与孩子做积极、有效的游戏与沟通，参考《指南》中的建议，做好家园配合，有利于孩子终身可持续发展。”

YuanChunFen think,[guide]Come on stage for parents will produce some effects,"Children like to imitate is stage a big characteristics,Parents of children is an important learning model.If parents can correctly understand[guide],To establish the scientific view of parenting,Get to know their child body and mind development level,You observe children,Many children do with positive/Effective game and communication,reference[guide]Suggestion in,Make their homes with,Is advantageous to the child lifelong sustainable development."

　　对幼儿园而言，虽然教育部希望《指南》能有效转变公众的教育观念，防止和克服“小学化”倾向，但红黄蓝教育机构相关负责人坦言，目前家长对孩子不能输在起跑线上的期望还是会给幼儿园带来一些现实压力。

As to the kindergarten,Although, ministry of education hope[guide]Can effectively change the public education concept,Prevented and overcome"Elementary school change"tendency,But the red yellow blue education institutions relevant person in charge said,At present the parents to the child cannot lose in the starting line expectations will give kindergarten brought some real pressure.

　　据记者了解，目前对《指南》的培训正在逐步展开。近日，中国教育科学研究院基础教育中心研究员、教育部学前教育专家指导委员会委员刘占兰，刚刚结束了对各省级培训团关于《指南》进行的培训，她透露这次培训为期5天半，主要针对《指南》内容的理解和实行。参加培训的主要是各省行政、教研相关人员以及幼儿园园长，每省5人。

According to reporter understanding,At present[guide]Training is gradually spread.recently,China's education scientific research foundation education center researchers/The ministry of education preschool education expert guidance committee LiuZhanLan,Just finished the training group at the provincial level about[guide]For training,She said the training five and a half days,Aimed at[guide]Content understanding and practice.Attend training is the main administrative provinces/The research related personnel as well as the principal kindergarten,Each province five people.

指南解读 Guide interpretation

健康篇 Health article

关键点 户外时间至少两小时 Key point outdoor time at least two hours

　　3-4岁的孩子要能在较热或较冷的户外环境中活动；换新环境时情绪能较快稳定，睡眠、饮食基本正常；在帮助下能较快适应集体生活。而到了5-6岁，即使换了新的幼儿园，也要能够较快适应。

3-4 years old children to be able to in the hot or cold outdoor environment activities;In the new environment emotions can quickly stable,sleep/Basic normal diet;In the help can quickly adapt to the collective life.By 5-6 years old,Even in the new kindergarten,Also to be able to cope with.

　　为提高幼儿的适应能力，《指南》建议要保证幼儿的户外活动时间，提高幼儿适应季节变化的能力。幼儿每天的户外活动时间一般不少于两小时，其中体育活动时间不少于1小时，季节交替时要坚持。

To improve the adaptability of the children,[guide]It is suggested to ensure children's outdoor activities time,Enhance children adapt to the seasonal change of the ability.Children daily outdoor activities time generally not less than two hours,The sports activity time is not less than 1 hour,At the turn of seasons to adhere to.

　　幼儿园做法：几年前，北京市教委就在全市各级各类幼儿园推广阳光体育活动，规范的幼儿园都能保证孩子每天阳光体育2小时。幼儿阶段身体发展非常重要，幼儿园会通过提供多种户外材料，多种运动形式帮助孩子提高培养身体素质。比如在崇文三幼组织了“六岁六公里徒步走”活动，带中班孩子到玉渊潭认领小树，带小班孩子走进军营等，让孩子到大自然中去，同时，也是培养孩子集体感、团队意识的一种方式。

Kindergarten practice:A few years ago,The Beijing municipal education commission at various levels in the kindergarten promotion sunshine sports activities,Standard kindergarten can guarantee the child every day sunshine sports 2 hours.Early childhood body development is very important,Kindergarten through offers a variety of outdoor materials,Various forms of exercise to help my child to improve the physical quality training.For example in chongwen three young organized"Six 6 km walk"activities,I take the child to YuYuanTan claim small trees,Take small class children into the barracks, etc,Let the child to the nature in to,At the same time,Also raises the child collective feeling/A way of team consciousness.

　　家长贴士：许多家长对孩子保护过多，给孩子的锻炼机会太少，且重智力轻体育，对孩子的身体素质、协调能力等关注不够，不少家长还在课余给孩子报了很多兴趣班，挤占了孩子玩的时间。

Parents tips:Many of the parents to the child protection too much,Give children exercise opportunity too little,And heavy mental light sports,To the child's physical quality/Coordination ability is not enough attention,Many parents are in their spare give children to a lot of interest,Occupy the child playing time.

关键点 自我保护 Key point self protection

　　3-4岁的孩子要不吃陌生人给的东西，不跟陌生人走；在公共场所走失时，能向警察或有关人员说出自己和家长的名字、电话号码等简单信息。

3-4 years old children or eat something to strangers,Don't go with strangers;When lost in public places,To the police or the relevant personnel to name their and parents name/Phone number and other simple information.

　　5-6岁，要学会不给陌生人开门，并知道一些基本的防灾知识。

5-6 years old,Learn not to open the door to strangers,And know some basic knowledge of disaster.

　　幼儿园做法：幼儿园会通过讲故事、情景表演等多种教育形式，对3岁的幼儿进行安全教育。老师会教育幼儿不能跟陌生人走，陌生人给的好吃的、好玩的都不能要。比如通过让孩子们自己表演儿歌《小兔子乖乖》，让他明白除了爸爸妈妈和熟悉的家人，不能跟陌生人走；再比如“实战演习”，邀请警察叔叔穿便装装扮成陌生人进入园所，用“糖衣炮弹”哄孩子，孩子说什么都不走。

Kindergarten practice:Kindergarten through stories/Scene performance and so on the many kinds of education form,For 3 years old children safe education.The teacher will be education children cannot go with strangers,Strangers to the good/Fun and can't want.For example through let the children their performance nursery rhyme[Little rabbit darling],Let him understand that in addition to mom and dad and familiar with the family,Can't go with strangers;For another example"Practical exercise",Invite police's uncle wear casual dress up as a stranger go into the garden,with"Sugar-coated cannonball"Entertained the children,The boy said what all don't go.

　　家长贴士：父母也要对孩子做这方面的教育，告诉孩子为什么不能和陌生人走，爸爸妈妈找不到会多么着急，外出时紧紧抓住大人的手等。但同时要告诉孩子：家庭地址一般不能告诉陌生人，只有在老师、家人不在身边需要帮助的时候，才能告诉陌生人，比如警察，排除不安全因素。

Parents tips:Parents also to children do this aspect of education,Why can't tell kids and a stranger go,Mom and dad find how worried didn't come to the meeting,When going out, hold fast to adult's hand, etc.But at the same time to tell the children:Family address general can't tell a stranger,Only when the teacher/The family is not beside need help,To tell a stranger,Such as the police,Eliminate unsafe factors.

语言篇 Language article

关键点 会写自己名字 Key point will write his name

　　在这次公布的《指南》中，在语言篇中没有对孩子的识字量的要求，只要求5-6岁的孩子能够专注地阅读图书，对图书和生活情境中的文字符号感兴趣，知道文字表示一定的意义，能够愿意用图画和符号表现事物或故事，并且会正确书写自己的名字。

In the published[guide]in,In the language of the article not to the child's literacy quantity requirements,Only request 5-6 year old the child can concentrate on reading books,For books and life situation of literal symbol interested,Know the meaning of certain words said,Can are willing to use pictures and symbolization things or story,And will correct writing his own name.

　　幼儿园做法：一般公立幼儿园都是在让孩子在生活中认字，不会直接教孩子拼音和汉字的书写。比如在班级的窗户上，老师会贴有“窗户”两个字，学具柜上玩具的名称也会有汉字标出，让孩子在潜移默化中学习，而不是会硬性要求必须认识哪些字。但有些私立幼儿园会在大班教孩子拼音和汉字书写等内容。

Kindergarten practice:The general public kindergarten is in let children read in life,Will not directly to teach children pinyin and characters of writing.For example, in class's and grade's window,The teacher will be stuck on the"window"Two words,Study on the name of the toys will have Chinese character mark,Let your children learn imperceptible,Rather than will be rigid requirements must know what word.But some private kindergarten will be in large classes to teach children pinyin and characters writing, etc.

　　家长贴士：强调孩子认字量是很多家长容易陷入的认识误区。袁春芬园长提醒，小学老师非常反对幼儿园老师教拼音，一方面幼教专业教育中并没有拼音教学训练，另一方面，孩子一旦养成错误的习惯再要纠正很困难。此外，就写字而言，家长通常并不关注孩子的握笔姿势，而入园后老师在这一方面会非常注意，如果孩子养成错误的习惯，会影响写字速度、对空间位置的把握等。

Parents tips:Emphasize the child to read quantity is easy to fall into a lot of parents of misunderstanding.YuanChunFen calls remind,Primary school teacher is very against kindergarten teacher teach pinyin,On the one hand preschool education professional education and no phonetic teaching training,On the other hand,Once the child develop the habit of wrong again to correct very difficult.In addition,Write it in,Parents usually don't pay attention to the child's grip pen posture,In YuanHou teacher in this aspect will be very attention,If children to develop the habit of error,Will affect writing speed/The space position of the master, etc.

科学篇 Scientific article

关键点 5-6岁会10以内加减 Key point 5-6 years within 10 will add and subtract

　　鼓励孩子们观察动植物，探索常见的物理现象，了解季节变化的周期，但对数学的要求并不高，只要求5-6岁的孩子初步理解量的相对性，理解“加”和“减”的实际意义，能通过实物操作或其他方法进行10以内的加减运算等。

Encourage children to observe plants and animals,Explore the common physical phenomena,Understand seasonal change of the cycle,But for mathematics request is not high,Only request 5-6 year old the child's preliminary understanding amount of relativity,understand"add"and"minus"Practical meaning,Can through the physical operation or other methods within 10 of the addition and subtraction, etc.

　　幼儿园做法：幼儿园的数学学习也是生活化的教育，让孩子感受数学，发现生活中许多问题都可以用数学的方法来解决。比如在“小汽车滴滴滴”的主题教育中，会用游戏化的方式让孩子学会点数、分类。

Kindergarten practice:Kindergarten mathematics learning is also the life education,Let children feel mathematics,Found life many problems can use mathematical method to solve.For example, in"Car DDD"The theme of the education,With the game will change the way to let the children learn to count/classification.

　　家长贴士：上大班时，不少家长会问幼儿园老师教不教100以内的加减法。这并不符合学前阶段孩子的成长、认知规律。数学并不是让孩子简单地记住几加几等于几，而是要引发孩子的探究和思考。过多强调机械记忆，对孩子未来的逻辑思维能力、理解能力会有不利影响。

Parents tips:Large on the,Many parents ask kindergarten teachers don't teach 100 less than addition and subtraction.This does not conform to the preschool stage a child's growth/Cognitive law.Mathematics is not let children simply remember a few add a few equal to a few,But to cause the child's exploration and thinking.Too much emphasis on mechanical memory,To the child future logical thinking ability/Understanding ability will have adverse effect.

社会篇 Social article

关键点 4岁学会体谅父母的辛劳 Key point 4 learn to be considerate of parents' hardship

　　在关心尊重他人章节，要求3-4岁就会在身边人生病或不开心时表示同情，4-5岁知道父母的职业，能体会到父母为养育自己所付出的辛劳。5-6岁尊重为大家提供服务的人，珍惜他们的劳动成果，能接纳、尊重与自己的生活方式或习惯不同的人。

In the chapter care about respect for others,Request 3-4 years will be in the side people ill or are not happy sympathy,4-5 years old know parents' career,Can realize the parents to raise their pay hard work.5-6 years old respect to offer you service,Cherish the fruits of their work,Can accept/Respect and his way of life and to get used to different people.

　　幼儿园做法：幼儿园一般从语言、行为层面引导孩子体谅父母的辛劳，比如给爸爸妈妈擦擦汗、端杯水、捶捶背；在妈妈下班回家、做完饭的时候，用语言表达：“妈妈辛苦啦！”；在特殊的节日，为妈妈粘贴一幅画，表达对妈妈的爱。另外，让孩子明白，“自己的事情自己做”，比如学脱衣服、学系鞋带，也是对爸爸妈妈的体谅。通常还会结合相应的节日引导孩子关心父母、尊重老人。比如在刚过去的重阳节，让孩子一起参与做长寿糕，回家送给爷爷奶奶等。

Kindergarten practice:Kindergarten general from the language/Behavior level guide your child to be considerate of parents' hardship,For example to mom and dad wipe sweat/End glasses of water/Back fills;In the mother came home from work/Finish the meal,Use language to express:"Mother's hard!";In the special festival,For mother paste a picture,Express the mother's love.In addition,Let the child understand,"Keep your business to yourself",For example, take off your clothes/Shoes department of,But also of mom and dad's understanding.Often combined with the corresponding festival guide children care for their parents/Respect the old man.For example, in just the past the double ninth festival,Let the child participate together do longevity cake,Home to grandpa's grandmother, etc.

　　家长贴士：《指南》中“4岁学会体谅父母”之类的“标准”，虽然在语言提炼中显得有点成人化，但家长不要将其理解为成人化的教育主观意志，对孩子的感恩教育一定是融合在日常生活中的，让孩子能够参与其中，亲身感受到的。

Parents tips:[guide]in"4 years old learn to be considerate of parents"And so on"standard",Although the language in the refining ChengRenHua seem a bit,But the parents don't understand ChengRenHua for the education subjective wills,To the child's Thanksgiving education must be fusion in daily life,Let the child can participate,Personally feel.

　　指导专家：崇文三幼园长 袁春芬；红黄蓝教育机构相关负责人

Guiding experts:Chongwen three young YuanChunFen calls;Red yellow blue education institutions related person in charge

观点 view

《指南》尚有很多现实难题需解决 [guide]There are many realistic problems need to be solved

　　李敏谊，北京师范大学学前教育研究所副教授

LiMinYi,Beijing normal university preschool education research institute associate professor

　　《指南》还有很多现实难题需要解决。其中最大问题是没有明确解决幼小衔接的问题。比如，在识字、写字部分，《义务教育语文课程标准》提出要认识常用汉字1600个，其中有800个是要会写的。幼儿园大班阶段怎么更好实现幼小衔接，实现与课程标准的有机结合。美国和英国在解决有效衔接的问题时，除了机制衔接，还有就是课程的衔接。这个问题可能是教育部层面需要认真考虑的学制的衔接以及改革等相关问题。如果这个问题不解决，那么无法解决幼儿园小学化的根本问题。

[guide]There are many realistic problems need to solve.The biggest problem is not clear to solve the problem of little join.For example,In literacy/Write part,[Compulsory education language curriculum standard]Puts forward to want to know 1600 commonly used Chinese characters,There are 800 is that you should be able to write.Kindergarten executive stage how to better achieve little join,Realize the organic combination of curriculum standard.The United States and Britain in solving the effective dovetailing of the problem,In addition to mechanism linking,There is of course cohesion.This problem may be the ministry of education level need to seriously consider the cohesion and the system reform and other related problems.If the problem is solved,So can't solve the fundamental problems in kindergarten and elementary school change.

　　第二，《指南》应该是儿童阶段性发展水平的一个参考指标，而不是硬性标准。要尊重儿童的个别差异。

The second,[guide]Children should be staggered development level of a reference index,Instead of rigid standard.To respect children's individual difference.

　　第三，为了更好实施，一方面要加大研发幼儿园课程，开发一系列不同地区的示范性课程；另一方面要把家长提到更重要位置，出台配套的家长教育指南，甚至提供家庭可操作的策略和活动。比如，幼小衔接和入学适应的问题，在家如何帮助儿童适应，如何运用网络等学习资源等。

The third,In order to better implement,On the one hand to increase r&d kindergarten curriculum,The development of a series of different parts of the demonstration course;On the other hand the parents mentioned more important position,On supporting parents education guidelines,Even provide family operational strategies and activities.For example,Little join and the adaptive problems,At home how to help children to fit in,How to use network, learning resources, etc..

此外，还需要在实践中认真推动。 In addition,Also in practice need to promote seriously.

幼儿园面临多重压力 Kindergarten faced multiple pressure

　　殷红博教授，儿童心理与儿童教育专家

Blackish red bo professor,Children's psychological and children's education experts

　　3-6岁的孩子各种能力的发展都有其关键期，表现出明显的能力发展年龄特征，年龄相差几个月的孩子，注意能力、观察能力、记忆能力、思维能力、综合学习能力，以及非智力心理素质都会有显著差异，而这些正是因材施教和因时施教的根本，因此《指南》对于幼儿园和家长给出了儿童关键期发展的理念和因材施教的国家政策指导，这对于家长和幼儿园全面的了解孩子身心发展特点和全面的培养孩子有积极的作用，既可以防止拔苗助长，防止幼儿园教育小学化，又能给出孩子发展的基本标准，防止对一些有天赋的孩子产生忽视和埋没的现象。

3 to 6 years old children each kind of ability's development has its critical period,Show obvious ability development age characteristics,Age are several months of children,Pay attention to ability/Observation ability/Memory ability/Thinking ability/Comprehensive learning ability,And non-intelligence psychological quality will have significant difference,And these it is teaching students according to their aptitude and because when the fundamental teaching,therefore[guide]For kindergarten and parents gives children's critical period on the principle of the development and teach students in accordance with their aptitude of national policy guidance,This for parents and kindergarten comprehensive understanding child body and mind development characteristic and comprehensive training children to have the positive function,Can prevent spoil things by excessive enthusiasm,Prevent kindergarten education elementary school change,And children are the basic standard,To prevent some talented children produce neglect and unsung phenomenon.

　　但幼儿园依旧面临三方面压力：1、现在许多小学，尤其是好的小学都有入学考试，而考的内容远远超出指南，如果孩子在幼儿阶段没有学习一些小学课程，就无法考入这些小学并进入所谓尖子班。如果幼儿园不教一些小学内容，家长会认为幼儿园教育质量差。2、许多家长多年来已经养成了拔苗助长的习惯，认为小学知识学得早，孩子就聪明，而改变这些家长的观念非常难。3、幼儿园的教育理念和师资水平、管理水平受到挑战，幼儿园既不能小学化，又要培养出高素质的适应小学学习的孩子，对中国目前大多数幼儿园而言难度太大，需要至少五至十年的调整期。（新京报记者 缪晨霞 孔悦）

But the kindergarten is still faced with three aspects pressure:1/Now many elementary school,Especially a good elementary schools have entrance examination,And the content of the exam far beyond guide,If the children in preschool period did not learn some primary school curriculum,Cannot be admitted to the primary school and enter the so-called top class.If the kindergarten don't teach some primary content,Parents think kindergarten education quality is poor.2/Many parents for many years have formed the habit of spoil things by excessive enthusiasm,Think primary knowledge learned early,The child is clever,And change the idea of these parents very difficult.3/Kindergarten education concept and teaching level/The management level has been challenged,Kindergarten can neither primary school change,And to cultivate high quality to adapt to the primary school children,In China most of the kindergarten in difficulty is too big,Need at least five to ten years period of adjustment.(The Beijing news reporter MiaoChenXia KongYue)