李蒙因为在省级“挑战杯”比赛中拿一等奖而被保送上研究生。不久前，他受邀回母校和学弟学妹交流保研经验时，无意间发现了一件令他震惊的事情。

LiMeng because in provincial"Challenge cup"The game took first prize and walked on the graduate student.Not long ago,He is invited to back to his Alma mater and drove to the lower classwoman exchange the research experiences,Accidentally discovered a jolted him things.

　　活动组织方把与会学生代表在本科期间的获奖作品做成了PPT，其中一份题为《×××压载水处理装置》的校级获奖作品抓住了李蒙的眼球，这与他当年的“挑战杯”获奖作品《×××压载水处理技术及装置》的题目相差无几。

The party organization activities on behalf of the students in undergraduate course during the winning entries made PPT,Among them a titled[XXX ballast water treatment device]Field of winning entries LiMeng caught the eye,This year with him"Challenge cup"Winning entries[XXX ballast water treatment technology and device]The topic of little difference.

　　他随即拿起手机在网上搜索这篇文章，却惊讶地发现两篇文章不仅摘要内容大致相同，关键处的实验数据也是惊人的相似。更令他没想到的是，这一作品的署名作者是他的师弟，指导老师也是同一人。

He then picked up the phone search the web for this article,Were surprised to find two article not only the content of roughly the same,Among key points of the experimental data is astonishing similarity.More to his thought is,This work is the author of the signature of his teacher younger brother,Teacher is the same person.

　　李蒙“蒙”了，自己的作品怎么会被师弟“盗”走？而两年前就已经在省内拿过奖的科研项目为何还能获得学校支持并通过校内的评选？他脑子里还冒出另一个问号来：如果真的是“翻新”作品，师弟这个项目的科研经费又去了哪里？

LiMeng"have"the,His work is how teacher younger brother"stolen"go?but two years ago in the province take the scientific research project of overpraise why still can obtain school support and through the campus selection?His mind from still another question mark to:If it is"renovation"works,Teacher younger brother this project of scientific research funds and went to where?

　　向中国青年报记者回忆这些细节时，李蒙即将研究生毕业，3年来为导师老板的“打工”经历让他对科研经费尤为敏感——有科研项目的地方就有江湖，江湖中就有经费是非。但是，他从未想过学生的科研经费还能出什么问题，毕竟，这块蛋糕实在太小。

To the China youth daily reporter recall these details,LiMeng will graduate,Three years of the boss for teacher"work"Experience let him of scientific research fund is particularly sensitive - scientific research project where there is a river's lake,River's lake have funds are.but,He had never thought of students' scientific research funds can also what's the problem,After all,This cake is too small.

　　然而，就是这块不甚引人注目的“小蛋糕”，也难以避免地染上了高校科研管理的种种弊病。中国青年报记者在北京部分高校调查发现，一些学生科研经费出现了“拼发票”、“ 凑预算”乃至“攒项目”的怪现象，而其背后暴露出来的一些导师“指挥”造假从中捞取经费，以及学生经费“九龙治水”式的管理问题则更令人咋舌。

however,Is this not very eye-catching"Small cake",Also hard to avoid into the college scientific research management all kinds of evils.The China youth daily reporter in beijing university study found that part,Some students scientific research funds appeared"Spell invoice"/" Gather together budget"and"Saving project"Strange phenomenon,And the exposed behind some of the teacher"command"Fraud to dredge funds,And students' funds"Kowloon water conservancy"Type management problem is more a be left speechless with wonder or fear.

　　

经费少时做不了想做的实验，多时花不完只得买杂书来“拼发票” Funds for a little time can't do want to do the experiment,Long time spend not over had to buy ZaShu to"Spell invoice"

　　科研经费分配不均已是众所周知的问题，高校教师由此有了“大牛”、“学霸”以及很难申请到经费的“青椒”之分，大学生享受的科研经费也同样因为学校牌子的差异存在“绿肥红瘦”。

Scientific research budget allocation inequality is already well known problems,Teacher in university which have"Daniel"/"Learn the"And it is difficult to apply to the funds"Green pepper"cent,College students enjoy scientific research funds also because the school brand of differences exist"Green manure red thin".

　　浙江大学一份针对大学生科研训练计划(SRTP)的报告就提到：国家重点投入建设的“985”、“211” 研究型或综合性高校经费较为充裕，开展SRTP有充足的资金保障，并设有专项经费。相比之下，地方或非部属院校资金来源有限，科研经费相对较少，在单个项目的经费资助上与国家重点院校相比存在明显差距，差距较大者可达两个数量级。于是，有人将地方院校学生科研经费之少戏称为“撒胡椒粉”。

Zhejiang university a according to the college students' scientific research training plan(SRTP)The report mentioned:The construction of national key input"985"/"211" Research or comprehensive universities is relatively abundant funds,Carry out SRTP have adequate funding,And equipped with special funds.Compared with,Place or not subordinate colleges and universities capital source co., LTD.,,Scientific research funds relatively less,In a single project funded funds with national key universities, there are some apparent differences compared,Gap larger can reach two orders of magnitude.so,Someone will local colleges and universities students scientific research funds few calls for"And pepper".

　　然而，即便是具体到一个研究型或综合性院校，还有另一个层面的分配问题：学生经费少时做不了想做的实验，多时竟一半花不完只得买杂书来凑发票。

however,Even if is specific to a research or comprehensive universities,There is another level of assignment problem:Students funds for a little time can't do want to do the experiment,It was half flower not over had to buy ZaShu to gather together invoice.

　　一个研究辜鸿铭保守主义的题目给了5000元的科研经费。“怎么花啊？”北京一所高校中文系学生王小青说。

A research GuHongMing Tory subject to the 5000 yuan of scientific research funds."How to spend ah?"A beijing university Chinese students WangXiaoQing said.

　　当她和小组成员将网上有关的论文打印出来后——事实上，她知道这些论文本不必打印出来，平时看电子版已比较习惯，但有了钱打出来也就更方便些——又买了些相关研究的书籍，加上预计的版面费，整个加起来，才花了2000元出头，还不到一半。

When she and her team members will online relevant papers printed out - in fact,She knew that these papers needn't have printed out,Usually read electronic has more used to,but money is playing out more convenient - and bought some related research books,Plus expected page fee,The whole added up to,Ability to spend 2000 yuan s,Less than half.

　　于是，她在网上找卖家买发票，充当“差旅”一项。实际上，此前，她在填报预算时就写下了实地调研一项，目的是为“还原史实”，但她并未去实施。因为在她看来，小组在内容分析方面已做得十分扎实。

so,She found online seller buy invoice,ACTS as"travel"a.In fact,after,She provided in the budget when he wrote a field survey,Purpose is to"Reduction historical facts",but she did not to carry them out.because in her eyes,Group in the content analysis has done very solid.

　　令她没想到的是，教务处在审核时只问了句：“是北京的票还是外地的？”这时，她才意识到，所谓项目申请注意上缩写的“实报实销”真的成了一个“原则”上的说法。

To her thought is,In the audit office only when asked a sentence:"Is beijing ticket or field?"At this time,She didn't realize,The so-called project application note on the abbreviations"Actual cost payment"Really became a"principle"The parlance of.

　　在他的身边，仍有不少同学希望通过科研项目来锻炼自己的研究能力。在这位教授的博文中，有一段他学生的话：“我感觉批下来的经费一点不够用，为什么那么多‘天马行空’的好点子不让做，就是没钱吧。给我们学生的科研经费要么是面子工程，要么就是让学生学会了如何报假账！”

In his side,There are still many students hope that through scientific research project to exercise their research ability.In the professor's in bowen,There is a word of his students:"I feel a bit of down money no enough,Why do so many‘A powerful and unconstrained style’A good idea not to let do,Is have no money,.For us students scientific research funds is either face engineering,Either is to make the students learn how to report false account!"

　　记者翻阅多所高校有关学生科研项目的审批表发现，批复下来的经费基本都是整额，很难看到带有零头的经费投入，即便有，也只在小项中出现。

Reporters through many university students relevant scientific research project found verification,Reply down funding basic are the whole amount,It is difficult to see with zero head funds investment,Even with,only appear in the events.

　　根据受访人的说法和最终的审批表对比，不管学生的经费怎么报，经费审议的专家又如何“砍”、“截”，最终落到经费管理部门，所有的零头都会被“整齐划一”，取而代之的是一个冠以某某项目名的“经费支持”。

According to the respondents said and final contrast verification,No matter how the funds for students,Funds review of experts and how"cut"/"cut",Finally fell to funding management department,All of the zero head will be"uniform",Instead a dubbed so-and-so project name"Funds support".

　　原因在于，学生经费批复多采用项目制，而非真正意义上的“想到一个点子，预估出经费来，接着提交报告”。换句话说，学生报什么项目是活的，但项目放到哪个筐子里，从哪个筐子里拿到多少钱则通常是一成不变的。

Reason lies in,Students funds is used more XiangMuZhi reply,Rather than in the true sense"Think of an idea,Estimate the funds to,Then report".In other words,The student newspaper what project is to live,but the project in which a basket,From which a basket to how many money is usually is invariable.

　　这位教授说，毕竟，上头拨下的钱是给学生做课题锻炼的，而非一点点抠出钱来求个“物有所值”。

The professor said,After all,Above the dial money is to students do the exercise subject,Rather than a little cut and a money"worth".

　

　“凑预算”、“攒项目”成为公开的秘密，部分导师“指挥”造假并从中捞取经费 "Gather together budget"/"Saving project"become an open secret,Part of the teacher"command"Fraud to dredge funds

　　在对不少高校教师的采访中都印证了这一点：在学生之中，“凑预算”、“攒项目”已成为公开的秘密，但鲜为人知的是，部分导师甚至“指挥”这种造假，并从中捞取一定的经费。

on many university teachers' interview are proved this point:Among the students,"Gather together budget"/"Saving project"Has become an open secret,but what is less well known is,Part teacher even"command"This kind of false,To dredge certain funds.

　　与王小青同校、船舶与海洋工程专业的杨宁因为手里常握着两三个课题，被同学戏称为“科研暴发户”。他本人却常常感慨身不由己：“说是学生自己的项目，却难掌大权。”

And WangXiaoQing clusters/Ship and ocean engineering specialized YangNing because hand often is the one who holds two or three topics,be known as students"Research nouveau riche".He himself was often regrets involuntarily:"Say students own projects,but difficult to have dominion."

　　他对记者讲起一个“凑预算”的事。做一个船体测验的课题，需要购买螺旋桨、电路板等实验器材，但作为“超过500元的设备”，就需要“导师批复”才能通过。被问及有价高和价低的选哪种，导师答道，“做实验，质量一般的就可以了，”还没等杨宁开口，导师继续说，“还是拣贵的报，到时候可以买些便宜的。”

He told reporters speak up a"Gather together budget"things.Do a hull test subject,Need to purchase a propeller/Circuit board and experimental equipment,but as"More than 500 yuan of equipment",Will need to"Tutor reply"Can through the.Asked how price high and low price is choice of which,Teacher replied,"Do the experiment,Quality general is ok,"before YangNing open,Teacher continued,"or pick your newspaper,There can buy some cheap."

　　正当杨宁诧异之际，一旁的同学拉着他往门外走，这时老师补充说，“不买贵的怎么把预算拼上去，拼不上去就拿不到那么多钱。”这个意思杨宁明白，好比一个上限5万元的项目，如果申请的预算也是5万元，那么，你很难拿到这么多经费，除非你的申请是7万元，有的甚至达到9万元，“管这块的评委老师别的都不看，就看钱多少，但不管多少，都会往下砍。”

As YangNing surprised moment,one side of the students took him to go outside,Then the teacher added,"Don't buy expensive how to budget spell to go up,Spell not up, they get so much money."The meaning YangNing understand,Like a cap 50000 yuan project,If the application's budget is 50000 yuan,so,You can't get so much money,Unless your application is 70000 yuan,Some even reach 90000 yuan,"Pipe the judge teacher other all don't watch,See how much money,but no matter how many,Will cut down."

　　杨宁没明白的是，为何导师让他在实际购置时“买便宜的”。经费申请表上，制作船体写的是5000元，但做个普通的花上2000~3000元就够了；GSM和GPS设备，申报的是4000元，但他最终在市场上买的，只花了500多元。

YangNing didn't understand is,Why the teacher let him in the actual purchase"buy cheap".Funds on the application form,Making hull write is 5000 yuan,but a common spend 2000 ~ 3000 yuan is enough;GSM and GPS equipment,Declare is 4000 yuan,but he finally buy them in the market,only spent more than 500 yuan.

　　第一次做科研训练，他是在大二，以为项目指导老师是让他节约成本，但一个电话让他明白了怎么回事儿，“小杨，发票填的时候要写预算上的数，他们如果不愿意，就提我的名字。”

The first to do scientific research training,He is in big,Thought the project guidance teacher is let him save cost,but a phone call to let him see how to reply a thing,"Xiao Yang,Invoice fill in time to write the number on the budget,If they don't want to,Has made mention of my name."

　　此外，有关大型即超过1000元的设备是不能让学生经手的。至于“发票”与经费预算上的差价去向，则成了一个“谜”。“一定不是给国家省材料，更不是给学生做课题了。”杨宁说。

In addition,The large is more than 1000 yuan of equipment is not to let the students change.As for"invoice"And on the budgets to spread,Has become a"mystery"."Certainly not to the state province material,More is not to give students do the project."YangNing said.

　　更为严重还在于“攒项目”。李蒙后来得知那篇文章以及实验的确是一份翻新作品，而“鼓励”师弟翻新的就是他们的导师。师弟还告诉李蒙，当时以为还能拿个省级奖项，但导师嫌他“功力不到家”，便没敢申报。

It is more serious"Saving project".LiMeng later learned that the article and experiment is really a refurbishment works,and"encourage"Teacher younger brother renovation is their teacher.Teacher younger brother also told LiMeng,Thought it was at that time also could take a provincial awards,but teacher don't think he"Capability no home",He didn't dare to declare.

　　事实上，导师拿到的并非只有项目上的钱，如果学生的项目获了奖，则又多了一笔收入。不少学校十分支持学术科技类的比赛。在一些学校的比赛动员会上，校领导公开表示，如果学生能得全国性比赛一等奖，就奖励老师2万元。

In fact,Teacher to not only the money on the project,If a student project won the prize,, and many a sum of income.Many schools very support academic tech game.In some schools game mobilization meeting,The school leader publicly,If students can get national first prize,The teacher will reward 20000 yuan.

　　一些导师鼓励低年级本科生“翻新”学长或是研究生的获奖项目，被李蒙他们称作“刷奖”的行为也就可以理解了。

Some teachers encourage lower grade undergraduates"renovation"Senior or graduate student award project,be LiMeng they called"brush award"behavior also can understand.

　

　学生科技项目管理部门“九龙治水”为作假提供便利 Student's science and technology project management department"Kowloon water conservancy"Provide convenience for false

　　和项目“翻新”不同，另一种“攒项目”的方式则是将一个原封不动的项目拿到不同的部门去申请，“多头拿钱”；或是到不同的比赛中去参评，如果获奖，则多次获奖。

And project"renovation"different,another"Saving project"Way is an intact project to the different departments to apply for,"Long take money";or to different game the contestant,If the,Won many prizes is.

　　李蒙的同学马文就有过这样一次经历。那年他大三，用一个有关船体结构的题目分别在学校教务处、团委和科技处申请了3个项目。从论文来看，项目名只差几个字，而内容则无甚差异。结果是，在教务处项目的基础上，马文不花一分钱就做出另外两个3万元的项目来。

LiMeng classmates Marvin had such an experience.That year he junior,Use a relevant hull structure of the topics covered in the school office/Youth corps committee and science and technology department applied for three projects.From the papers to see,Project name, a difference of a few words,And content, no any difference.The result is,In the academic administration on the basis of the project,Marvin don't spend a penny made two other 30000 yuan to the project.

　　当然，另外两个“空壳”的项目卡，他都交予项目指导老师“补贴家用”。

of course,The other two"shell"XiangMuKa of,He is given to project guidance teacher"Subsidies household".

　　如果经费审批和项目监管这两关足够严苛，也难以出现上述的乱象。但就目前来看，“九龙治水”式的学生科技活动管理却为此提供了更多的便利。

If funds for examination and approval and project supervision the first, two imprison tough enough,Also difficult to appear the above the mess.but so far,"Kowloon water conservancy"Type student's science and technology activities management is therefore provided more convenient.

　　从全国范围来看，高校中除了国家大学生创新性实验计划、SRTP之外，还有诸多学校自己的“自选动作”。而这些则分属不同职能部门管理——教务处，校团委或者科技处，有的高校连就业指导中心也会承担一些科研项目的竞赛。

From countrywide,In addition to the national college students' innovative experiment plan/SRTP outside,There are many schools their own"Voluntary routine".And these are belong to different functional department management - academic administration,The school or science and technology department,Some universities even employment guidance center also can assume some scientific research project competition.

　　一些接受采访的同学介绍，以经费审批为例，审批科研项目一般是项目管理部门邀请一些退休的老教授来做评审，对外称专家委员会。他们的“工作”通常是，考虑到院系平衡，给各个院系分配名额，接着再由各个院系的主管教学或者科研的副院长来把关。最为关键的就是“裁减”预算金额。

Some of the students interviewed is introduced,With funds for examination and approval as an example,The examination and approval of scientific research project is generally project management department invited some retired old professor to do review,The foreign expert committee said.their"work"usually,Considering the balance of department,To every department distribution quota,Then again by each department manager teaching or research of vice President to guard a pass.The key is"cuts"budget amount.

　　尽管这些老专家眼睛很“尖”，一般虚报太多都会被狠骂一顿并砍下一些。但这里暗藏一个很大的问题——

Although these old expert eyes are very"pointed",General cook too much will be malicious scold a meal and cut down some.but here hide a big problem --

　　比如，教务处今年邀请A、B、C三位老师，明年邀请D、E、F三位老师，校团委今年则邀请Q、W、R三位老师，明年邀请I、O、P三位老师。一来，他们不知道去年做了什么，二来，他们也很难全面地了解某一个项目在其他部门有否申请。

For example,Invite A dean's office this year/b/C three teachers,Invite D next year/E/F three teachers,This year the school is invited Q/W/R three teachers,Next year I invited/o/P three teachers.way,They don't know what did last year,secondly,They are also very hard comprehensive understanding of a certain project in other departments have you applied for.

　　一旦信息不通，那些“翻新”的、“攒”的项目则都成了漏网之鱼。当然，如果遇到同一批的老教授，那马文就只能“自认倒霉”。

once the information not,Those who"renovation"of/"saving"The project became the escaped criminal.of course,If you meet with a group of old professor,The Marvin can only"From recognize unlucky".

　　同样的，对“刷奖”而言，如火如荼、“五花八门”的科技比赛是不可或缺的土壤。“不同赛事邀请的评委总不会是同一位。”马文说。

The same,to"brush award"in,Like a raging fire/"multifarious"Science and technology competition is indispensable soil."Different events invited the judges will not be the same."Marvin said.

　　根据教育部网站的数据，2010年内，教育部、财政部联合批准的全国性大学生竞赛资助项目就有18个。从名称上来看，似乎没有一项是重复的，但细看其项目内容会发现，不少项目涉及交叉乃至重合的领域。

According to ministry of education website data,2010 years,The ministry of education/The ministry of finance jointly approved national college students funded projects competition there is 18.From the name to see,There seems to be no one is repeated,but scrutinize the content of the project will find,Many project involves cross and coincidence field.

　　换句话说，同一个项目，更名换姓之后，换个项目申请部门或者比赛，便可“不费吹灰之力”得到另一份科研经费，而这份经费又将流向哪里，则又成了一个“谜”。

In other words,The same project,The name change after the name,A project application department or game,can"easily"Get another scientific research funds,And the funds and will flow to where,, and became a"mystery".

　　(文内所涉学生名字均为化名)

(Wen involved in students' names are alias)