复旦大学图书馆馆长葛剑雄教授常常要向他的服务对象解释，为什么学校还没购买某种数据库。

Fudan university library director professor GeJianXiong often to his service object to explain,Why school haven't buy a database.

　　比如，10月28日这天，又有不认识的复旦师生为一个尚未购买的数据库提醒他，“下决心早点儿买”，“好点儿的大学图书馆都买了”。

For example,On October 28 day,And have not known for a fudan teachers and students not to buy database remind him,"Determined to buy earlier","Better university library are bought".

　　受制于有限的经费，葛剑雄表示会尽可能购买那些经过试用和评估，性价比高的数据库。

Subject to the limited funding,GeJianXiong said it would buy those as far as possible through trial and evaluation,Cost-effective database.

　　复旦大学图书馆是中国高校图书馆中的佼佼者，年度文献资源购置费超过3000万元。2010年度，该馆的文献资源购置费为3296万元，在高校中仅次于清华大学图书馆。

Fudan university library is the top of the academic libraries in China,Annual literature resources is more than 30 million yuan.2010 year,The museum's literature resources is for 32.96 million yuan,In the colleges and universities in the second only to tsinghua university library.

　　据葛剑雄介绍，2011年，复旦大学图书馆购买学术论文数据库等电子资源的费用达到1200万元。今年可能会超过去年，但也满足不了读者需要。

According to GeJianXiong introduced,In 2011,,Fudan university library purchase academic papers, such as the cost of electronic resources database reached 12 million yuan.This year may be more than last year,But it can't satisfy the readers' need.

　　馆长透露的数字令一名复旦学生感慨，“不好好学习真是对不起学校了。”平均每天，为了满足师生学术研究的需要，复旦大学花在电子资源上的经费是3.3万元。

Curator revealed digital make a fudan student regrets,"Not good study is really sorry school."On an average day,In order to meet the needs of teachers and students academic research,Fudan university spent on electronic resources funds is 33000 yuan.

　　葛剑雄说，复旦大学图书馆这些年的采购经费在中国高校中名列前茅。“但的确还太少，与国外大学一比就知道。希望政府对教育再多投入，学校再多分配些给图书馆。”

GeJianXiong said,Fudan university library years purchasing fund in China is one of the top universities."But it is too little,And foreign university one to know.Hope the government to put more on education,School more than some distribution to the library."

　　天津高等教育文献信息中心主任李秋实告诉中国青年报记者，对绝大多数高校图书馆来说，经费都成问题。她指出，电子资源越来越丰富，采购经费的增长难以跟得上形势的发展。而且数据库的定价总体呈上涨趋势。

Tianjin higher education literature information center director LiQiuShi told the China youth daily reporter,For most for university library,Funds are a problem.She points out that,Electronic resource is more and more abundant,The growth of the purchasing fund is difficult to keep up the development of the situation.And database pricing overall is on the rise.

　　

越来越多的钱花在书库以外的地方 More and more money on stack room outside of the place

　　葛剑雄也向本报记者表示，国际出版商每年都在涨价。

GeJianXiong also to our reporter said,International publishers in every year.

　　他形容，有时出版商的涨价是“专横”的。为了表示抵制，包括复旦大学在内的不少高校一度停止订阅美国著名期刊《科学》的网络版，只保留纸质期刊类似的举动，在别的校园和期刊之间也发生过但是，无法通过校园网下载《科学》论文的师生，很快表达了不满：连这么重要的一份学术刊物都订不起的大学，还想建设世界一流大学吗？

He describes,Sometimes publishers rise in price is"bossy"of.In order to show boycott,Fudan university, including many colleges once stop to subscribe to the famous American journal[science]Online edition of the,To keep only paper periodical similar action,In other campus and periodicals are also happened but,Can't download by campus network[science]The paper's teachers and students,Soon expressed dissatisfaction:Even so important a academic journals are can't afford to university,Still want to build a world class university?

　　葛剑雄告诉记者，现在最大的问题是，国际“顶级”刊物在投稿时都要求作者签字放弃个人版权，然后将作品纳入数据库高价出售，卖给作者所在的院校。

GeJianXiong told reporters,The biggest problem right now is,international"top"Publication in the contribution is required when the authors sign away individual copyright,Then will work into the database up for sale,Sell the author in the colleges and universities.

　　在他看来，出版商成功地利用了一些人“建设一流大学要不惜代价”的心态，以此“随心所欲地涨价甚至讹诈”。出版商的法宝之一，是让读者特别是学校里的大教授出面，“逼我们就范”。

In his view,Publishers had successfully utilized some people"When constructing a first-class university, will at no cost"mentality,to"Follow one's inclinationsly rise in price even blackmail".One of the magic weapon of the publishers,Is to let readers especially big school professor front,"Forced us to heel".

　　对于高校图书馆来说，目前最有价值的财富仍是那些经过编目，整齐码放在书架上的藏书。但是情况正在发生变化图书馆的采购经费，正在向厚重庄严的书库以外的地方倾斜。

For for university library,At present the most valuable wealth is still those after cataloging,Block pattern row pattern on the shelf collection of books.But the situation is changing library purchase funds,Is to thick solemn stacks outside of tilt.

　　2005年，复旦大学图书馆花掉了2558万元文献资源购置费，其中2053万元采购纸质资源，505万元用于电子资源，二者之比约为4∶1。

In 2005,,Fudan university library spent 25.58 million yuan literature resources is,Of which 20.53 million yuan purchasing paper resources,5.05 million yuan for electronic resources,The ratio of the two is about 4:1.

　　到了2010年，这家图书馆的3200多万元采购费中，2100多万元用于纸质书籍，电子资源升至1097万元，二者之比不到2∶1。

By 2010,The library of more than 3200 yuan purchasing cost in,More than 2100 yuan for paper books,Electronic resources rose to 10.97 million yuan,The ratio of the two less than 2:1.

　　也就是说，5年间，电子资源开支在复旦大学图书馆的占比由五分之一提高到了三分之一。

That is,Five years,Electronic resources expenses in fudan university library accounts for more than one 5 by up to a third.

　　教育部高等学校图书情报工作指导委员会的“教育部高等学校图书馆事实数据库”显示，这并非个例。

Of the ministry of education of library and information work of the steering committee"The fact of the ministry of education of library database"display,This is not case-by-case.

　　如2010年，清华大学分配在纸质资源和电子资源的经费分别是2620万元和1311万元，北大分别是2220万元和1052万元，浙江大学分别是1790万元和1134万元，武汉大学则是1750万元和966万元。

As 2010 years,Tsinghua university distribution in the paper resources and electronic resources of funds respectively is 26.2 million yuan and 13.11 million yuan,Peking University respectively is 22.2 million yuan and 10.52 million yuan,Zhejiang university respectively is 17.9 million yuan and 11.34 million yuan,Wuhan university is 17.5 million yuan and 9.66 million yuan.

　　根据各校上报的信息，北京大学图书馆副研究馆员、《大学图书馆学报》副主编、教育部高等学校图书情报工作指导委员会副秘书长王波做过统计，2006年～2010年，高校图书馆的平均电子资源购置费逐年上升，分别是78万元、82万元、94万元、107万元、124万元。

According to the schools reported information,Beijing university library vice research librarians/[The university library journal]Associate editor/Of the ministry of education of library and information work guidance committee deputy secretary general WangBo done statistics,In 2006 ~ 2010,The average university library electronic resources is rising year by year,It is 780000 yuan respectively/820000 yuan/940000 yuan/1.07 million yuan/1.24 million yuan.

　　这些信息同时也透露了高校图书馆贫富悬殊的情况：在一些名牌大学图书馆的年度采购经费超过3000万元的同时，也有的图书馆上报的一年采购经费只有6711元；在同一年的统计中，全国高校中最大的图书馆中山大学图书馆馆舍面积超过11万平方米，而上海一家职业技术学院的图书馆仅有413平方米。

The information also revealed that university library of the polarization between the rich and the poor:In some famous university library's annual purchasing fund more than 30 million yuan at the same time,Also some library reported a year purchasing fund only 6711 yuan;In the same year in the statistics,The national colleges and universities in the largest library of sun yat-sen university library buildings area more than 110000 square meters,And a Shanghai vocational and technical college library only 413 square meters.

　　

谈判代表被出版巨头气哭 Negotiators published giant gas cry

　　不过无论贫富，图书馆馆长们都在为钱发愁。在李秋实领导的天津高等教育文献信息中心，一项工作是为图书馆省钱。

But no matter the rich and the poor,Curators are in trouble for money.In the leadership of the LiQiuShi tianjin higher education literature information center,A piece of work for the library is to save money.

　　设在天津工业大学内的天津高等教育文献信息中心，是南开大学、天津大学、天津工业大学、天津师范大学、天津科技大学、天津理工大学等19家高校图书馆成立于2002年的联盟。这些高校很多情况下不单独与出版商议价，而是通过联盟进行联合议价、集团采购。

Located in tianjin university of technology in tianjin higher education literature information center,Is nankai university/Tianjin university/Tianjin industry university/Tianjin normal university/Tianjin university of science and technology/Tianjin university of science and technology etc 19 university library was established in 2002 alliance.These colleges and universities in many cases is not alone and publishers bargaining,But through the union joint bargaining/Group purchase.

　　据李秋实介绍，联合采购的优势在于议价能力较强。相较于单馆分别议价，联采价格更低，有时能以3～6个馆的价格，买到可供十几家高校使用的数据库。

According to LiQiuShi introduced,Joint procurement's advantage lies in the bargaining ability is strong.Compared with single museum bargaining respectively,United mining lower prices,Sometimes to 3 ~ 6 a house price,Buy a dozen universities for the use of database.

　　“你要给我们这个价格，我们就都订；不给我们，我们一个都不订。”李秋实说，强势的出版商有时为了市场考虑，会做出让步。

"You will give us the price,We were all ordered;Don't give us,We all do not order."LiQiuShi said,Strong publishers sometimes in order to consider the market,Will make concessions.

　　通过这种区域性集团采购的方式，天津高校近些年节省了过亿元的经费。根据对十几所成员馆的调研，这些高校的电子资源经费仅为全国同类高校平均数的48%，但拥有的数据库数量为同类高校平均数的两倍。

Through this regional group purchasing way,Tianjin university in recent years have saved one hundred million yuan of funds.According to the investigation of more than a dozen members of the hall,These university electronic resources funds is only 48% of the average of the same university,But has the database for the similar number of university average two times.

　　不过，联合采购的方式并非对所有出版商都能奏效。全球最大的科技出版商爱思唯尔，是文质彬彬的图书馆馆长们面前一个强大的商业谈判对手。

but,Joint procurement way not to all publishers can work.The world's largest technology publisher elsevier,Is a gentle library curator before the a strong business negotiation opponent.

　　爱思唯尔拥有全球最大的科技与医学文献数据库“ScienceDirect”，包含世界四分之一的经同行评审的电子版全文文献。

Elsevier has the world's largest technology and medical literature database"ScienceDirect",Contains a quarter of the world by the peer review of electronic full-text literature.

　　在国内，爱思唯尔与高校订户之间以3年为一个合同期。2008年～2010年的价格较此前涨幅颇大。当时，该公司对中国青年报表示，中国市场的定价一直低于全球定价，这是该公司对中国科技发展的补贴和支持。2008年以后会逐步提高价格，“继续逐年减少对中国市场的高折扣”。

In the domestic,Elsevier and university between subscribers to 3 years as a contract.In 2008 ~ 2010 years after the price is quite big rise.At that time,The company to the China youth daily said,The Chinese market pricing has been lower than the global pricing,This is the company for the development of science and technology of China subsidies and support.2008 years later will gradually increase price,"Continue year after year to reduce the high discount market in China".

　　2007年下半年，国内170多家高校图书馆委托教育部的“中国高等教育文献保障系统”集体与爱思唯尔议价，希望谈定价格方案后，各馆再与爱思唯尔分别签订采购合同。

The second half of 2007,More than 170 domestic colleges and universities library entrusted by the ministry of education"China's higher education literature guarantee system"Collective and elsevier bargaining,Hope to bring to a conclusion after price scheme,Each library again with elsevier respectively procurement contract signing.

　　但是，爱思唯尔提出的15%的涨幅超过了采购集团的预期，双方谈判破裂。

but,Elsevier proposed 15% go up exceeded expectations of purchasing group,Negotiations between the two sides burst.

　　据知情者回忆，当时，这些知识分子之间的谈判，有过面红耳赤的场面，双方都会不自觉地提高音量。爱思唯尔一位外国高层很不客气地对客户们表示，你们没钱可以不订。

According to the insider memories,At that time,These intellectuals negotiation between,There have been red-faced scene,Both sides will unconsciously improve volume.Elsevier a foreign top very don't hesitate to customers said,You have no money can not order.

　　此举令馆长们“十分不高兴”。谈判代表中的一位女士当场被气哭。临别之际，那位外国高层与大家握手告别，有人拒绝向他伸手，“不欢而散”。

The move to the director"Very not happy".Negotiators of a woman on the spot is gas cry.Parting of,The foreign high-level and everyone a handshake,People who refuse to stretch out my hand against him,"Part on bad terms".

　　“中国高等教育文献保障系统”向成员馆宣布了谈判破裂的消息。随后，爱思唯尔分别与各图书馆谈判，反而在下一个合同期内获得了更多订户。

"China's higher education literature guarantee system"To member house announced the news of the talks broke down.then,Elsevier respectively with the library negotiations,But in the next contract period get more subscribers.

　　李秋实告诉记者，这次谈判让不少同行感到“窝火”。在2010年的下一次谈判中，同行们提早准备，高校图书馆和中国科学院国家科学图书馆、国家科技图书文献中心、国家图书馆、上海图书馆、中国医学科学院医学信息研究所、中国农业科学院农业信息研究所等机构组成了强大的联合阵营，力量壮大。

LiQiuShi told reporters,The negotiations let a lot of peer feel"nest".In the 2010 years of the next negotiations,Colleagues prepared ahead of time,University library and national science library of Chinese academy of sciences/National science and technology library literature center/The national library/Shanghai library/Chinese academy of medical sciences institute of medical information/Chinese academy of agricultural science institute of agricultural information institutions such as a strong united camp,Strength growing.

　　那次谈判过程中，33家机构的代表为了对涨价“表达强烈愤慨”，联名发表了“致中国科技文献读者的公开信”和“致国际出版商的公开信”，向出版商施加压力。

The negotiation process,33 home organization representative in order to rise in price"Expressed strong indignation",Joint published"The China science and technology literature readers' open letter"and"The open letter international publishers",The pressure to the publisher.

　　关键时候，双方都做了一些让步，结果2011～2013年合同期，以一个相对能接受的价格达成了一致。

Key time,Both sides made some concessions,Results 2011 ~ 2013 contract,As a relative can accept the price reached an agreement.

　　这份合同将于2013年到期。图书馆馆长们又将面临与出版商新的博弈。

This contract expire in 2013.Curators and will face and publishers new game.

　　事实上，由于数据库提价等因素，有的大学校长害怕见到图书馆馆长，因为馆长常常一见面就“手心朝上”，要求增加经费。

In fact,Due to factors such as database price increase,Some university President afraid to see the library curator,Because the curator is often a meeting"Palms up",Request additional funds.

　　

除了抵制还能做什么 In addition to resist what but also can make

　　李秋实是2010年在公开信上签名的图书馆界代表之一。当时，这些代表在公开信中指出，有的出版商连续多年以百分之十几的幅度提价，个别甚至出现年度涨幅20%～30%的情况，造成图书馆外文科技期刊订购费用迅速增加。

LiQiuShi is 2010 in the open letter signed on behalf of one of the library.At that time,The delegates in the open letter pointed out,Some publishers for many years to more than a dozen of of the price,Individual appear even annual or 20% ~ 30%,The problem caused by science and technology periodical ordering cost increase quickly.

　　他们公开呼吁，担任国际出版商学术期刊编委、审稿专家、顾问的我国专家学者，积极向国际出版商“施加影响”。

They public calls for,As international publishers academic journal editors/Expert to go/Consultant experts and scholars in our country,Actively to the international publishers"influence".

　　李秋实对记者指出，如果图书馆不与科学家沟通，完全依靠自己的力量跟出版商抗衡，一方面会势单力薄，另一方面，如果因为经费原因停订了某些数据库，也难以得到科学家的理解。因此，他们做出了这样的呼吁。

LiQiuShi to reporters pointed out,If the library is not with scientists communication,Completely depends on his own strength with publishers counter,On the one hand because of will,On the other hand,If because funds reason stop booked some database,Also difficult to get the understanding of scientists.therefore,They made this called for.

　　她认为，图书馆的抵制只是一方面。出版商的产品来源于学术界的智慧，图书馆购入产品，也是为了服务学术界。获取不到学术文献，对于学术界的影响是最直接的。因此，学术界应该采取行动支持图书馆的努力，同时高校和社会力量也应该给予图书馆更多的投入。

She thinks,The library is on the one hand the boycott.Publishers products from the wisdom of the academic circles,The library bought products,But also for service academia.Do not achieve academic literature,For the influence of academic circles is the most direct.therefore,Academic circles should take action to support the efforts of the library,At the same time, universities and social forces should also give the library more investment.

　　今年年初，在英国数学家、菲尔兹奖得主威廉·提摩西·高尔斯的号召下，全球众多科学家在一个名为“知识的代价”的网站上签字，抵制爱思唯尔的涨价，表示不在这家出版商旗下的期刊发表论文，不做审稿人，或不担任编辑。

Earlier this year,In the British mathematician/Phil this prize winner William timothy ·, gore under the call,Many scientists around the world in a group called"Knowledge price"Website signature,Boycott elsevier rise in price,Say not in the publisher's journal published,Don't do reader,Or not as editor.

　　这是学术界针对出版商的又一次抗议。

This is for academic publishers and a protest.

　　美国加州大学洛杉矶分校教授、菲尔兹奖得主陶哲轩是早期签名者之一。这位功成名就的数学家表示，自己是幸运的，因为已经没有在特定期刊上发表论文的压力了。但他不会建议别人也加入这个行动，因为这取决于个人选择。

Professor of the university of California, Los Angeles/Phil this prize winner TaoZheXuan is one of the early signer.The successful mathematician said,He is lucky,Because there is no specific in the journal papers pressure.But he wouldn't suggest anyone else to join this action,Because it depends on personal choice.

　　关注此事的李秋实说，科学家的抵制将让出版商感到压力，这种压力比来自图书馆的压力更大，希望中国科学界也能发挥一些作用。

Pay attention to the matter LiQiuShi said,Scientists of the boycott will allow publishers to feel the pressure,The pressure from the library than much more pressure,Hope China the scientific community can also play some role.

　　但爱思唯尔多次重申，希望若干年后产品在中国的售价与全球持平。该公司指出，一所英国大学每年在信息资源方面的投资约为110万美元，而同等规模的中国大学只花7.5万美元就能获得同样的资源。尽管英国的人均GDP是中国的4倍，但二者之间的巨大差异“仍然令人无法理解”。

But elsevier reiterated,Hope that after some years products sold in China and global flat.The company said,A British university every year in information resources investment about 1.1 million dollars,And the same scale of Chinese university only $75000 can get the same resources.Although Britain's GDP per head is China's four times,But the great differences between them"Still a can't understand".

　　这家出版商将问题的症结归于中国在信息资源方面的投入过低，增幅远低于研发投入的增长。中国已有“211工程”、“千人计划”等国家级基础研究和人才方面的项目，但在获取科技信息方面，还没有类似的国家级投资项目。

The publishers will be the crux of the problem to China in the information resources input is too low,Growth is far lower than the growth of r&d investment.China has"211 project"/"One thousand people plan"And national basic research and talent project,But the acquisition of science and technology information,Haven't similar national investment projects.

　　爱思唯尔频频对客户介绍一项对美国伊利诺伊大学香槟分校的调查结果：向大学图书馆每投入1美元，回报是4美元。

Elsevier frequently to customer introduce a study of American university of Illinois at urbana-champaign, survey results:To the university library in each $1,Return is $4.

　　该公司一位负责人曾对中国青年报记者指出，中国高校图书馆地位很尴尬，就像空气一样，存在的时候大家觉得可有可无，没有了才知道它的重要。

The company has a person in charge of the China youth daily reporter pointed out,Chinese university library status very embarrassed,Just like air,Presence of everybody feel dispensable,No just know it's important.

　　在这点认识上，馆长们与出版商达成了一致“一个大学校长的好坏，看看其图书馆就一目了然。”中山大学图书馆馆长、资讯管理学院教授程焕文说。

In this understanding,The curator and publishers have reached an agreement"A university President is good or bad,Look at the library will be clear at a glance."Sun yat-sen university library director/Information management college professor ChengHuan said.