北京是新中国教育的高地，也是全国教育改革和发展的风向标。作为首都，北京的教育服务全国最好，并在全国率先基本实现了教育现代化。然而，由于城乡之间、区域之间和区域内基础教育资源发展不平衡，北京的义务教育发展也面临着择校热等一系列的难点、热点问题。

Beijing is the education of the highlands,But also on the national education reform and development of the wind vane.As the capital,Beijing education service the best,And the lead in accomplishing the modernization of education.however,Because between urban and rural areas/Between the area and area basic education resource development is not balanced,Beijing's obligation education development also faces a series of difficulties will be hot/Hot issues.

　　近年来，北京始终坚持把优质均衡发展作为推动义务教育发展的根本目标，先后启动实施了初中建设工程、小学规范化建设工程和校舍安全工程。同时，通过启动实施“名校办分校”、“城乡手拉手”、推进“学区化”、城区教师到农村支教、高校对口支援远郊区县教育发展等工作，多管齐下推动中小学优质教育资源的均衡发展。

In recent years,Beijing always adhere to quality the balanced development of compulsory education as a tool to promote the development of basic goal,Successively start implementing the junior middle school construction project/Primary school standardization construction engineering and building safety engineering.At the same time,Through the start implementation"Name, school-run"/"Urban and rural hand in hand"/propulsion"School districts turn"/Urban to rural teacher education/University partnerships support outer suburbs area county education development, etc,Multi-pronged approach.we primary and secondary schools to promote quality education resources of balanced development.

　　2011年3月，北京市和教育部首批签署义务教育均衡发展备忘录，向社会庄严承诺：2015年全市所有区县实现县域义务教育基本均衡发展。

In march of 2011,The first sign of Beijing and the ministry of education compulsory education balanced development memo,To the solemn promise:In 2015, the county education obligations all districts and counties to realize basic balanced development.

　　本版采写本报记者张灵

This concludes our reporter zhang ling

　　

>>举措1 >>Move 1

　　推进小学初中办学条件 Promote primary and middle school running conditions

　　走进地处朝阳区最北端城乡接合部的北苑中学，人们很难将它与农村校联系起来——宽敞整洁的教学楼、标准化的塑胶操场、设施齐全的专业化教室……就是这样一所学校在这短短10年间办学条件发生了质的飞跃。这一切，都得益于北京市初中建设工程的实施。

Is located in chaoyang district into the most north of urban and rural copula beiyuan middle school,It is hard to will it and rural school connected - spacious neat teaching building/Standardization of plastic playground/Facilities are complete professional classroom……Is such a school in the past 10 years managerial condition happened a qualitative leap.All this,All benefit from the junior middle school construction project implementation.

　　过去人们常说，北京的中小学教育是“铜头、铁腿、豆腐腰”，初中是软肋。一些城区和郊区的初中，办学硬件差，生源困难，教师流失严重，成了北京教育的“洼地”，也导致了家长们愈演愈烈的择校热。

In the past, people often say,Beijing's primary and middle school education is"Copper head/Iron legs/Tofu waist",Junior high school is soft rib.Some city and suburb of junior middle school,School hardware difference,Germ difficult,The teacher erosion is serious,Beijing education became the"depression",Also led to the parents intensified heat of the school.

　　为了让“洼地”崛起，2005年6月北京启动了“初中建设工程”，市财政每年投入1亿元专项资金，计划用三到五年时间，彻底改变城区和农村办学困难初中的面貌。市教委把32所相对薄弱初中确定为“初中建设工程”重点建设项目学校。

In order to make"depression"rise,June 2005 Beijing launched"Junior high school construction project",Each year, the financial investment 100 million yuan special funds,Plan in three to five years,Thoroughly changed the city and the countryside junior middle school running the face of difficulties.Municipal education commission by the 32 relatively weak junior high school for sure"Junior high school construction project"Key construction project school.

　　2007年10月，作为初中建设工程姊妹篇的小学规范化建设工程启动，北京市教委引导各区县按照“合格、规范、特色、品牌”的发展路径，努力推进规范化建设。截至2011年6月，市区两级共投入74.2亿元。全市实现了小学布局结构调整，撤并小学191所，同时新建了30所设施完备的标准化小学。办学标准主要项目达标学校已达960所，占82.7%。

In October 2007,As a junior high school construction project of a companion primary standardization construction project startup,The Beijing municipal education commission in accordance with the guide each district and county"qualified/standard/characteristics/brand"Development path,Efforts to promote standardization construction.By June 2011,The two stage has invested 7.42 billion yuan.The whole city achieved primary school layout structure adjustment,Merger of 191 primary schools,At the same time the new 30 facilities complete the standardization of primary school.The standard main project standard school has reached 960,Accounted for 82.7%.

　

　>>举措2 >>Measures 2

　　跨校上课分享名校资源 Cross-university class school resources share

　　今年9月开学，北新桥小学五年级学生张一涵和班里同学一起转入西中街小学上课，班级名称也由原先的“北新桥小学五年级班”改为“西中街小学五年级5班”。

September this year,BeiXinQiao primary school grade five students in my class ZhangYiHan and classmates into the west zhongjie street primary school class,The class name from the original"BeiXinQiao's fifth-grade class"instead"West zhongjie street primary school grade five 5 classes".

　　北新桥小学是东城区一所普通校，全校只有6个教学班，学生100余人，学校规模小、师资力量弱，成为制约该校发展的瓶颈。为提升区内小规模学校的办学质量，缩小校际差距，2010年7月，拥有16名市区级骨干教师的东城区优质资源校西中街小学与办学规模较小的北新桥小学正式“结盟”，西中街小学的校长正式兼任北新桥小学的校长。此后，西中街小学先是选派骨干教师进入北新桥小学全职跨校任课。随后，两校共同实行联排课表、互派教师。今年，两校又进一步实行干部、教师联聘，建立同一校区内的大年级组制。

BeiXinQiao dongcheng district primary school is a normal school,The school only six classes,More than 100 students,Small scale of school/Teachers strength weak,Restricted the development bottleneck.In order to upgrade the quality of the small schools,Narrow gap between schools,In July 2010,Have 16 urban level backbone teacher's dongcheng district high quality resources school west zhongjie street primary school and the smaller BeiXinQiao elementary school official"alliance",West zhongjie street primary school principal official concurrently BeiXinQiao elementary school principal.Since then,West zhongjie street primary school first chosen backbone teachers in BeiXinQiao elementary school full-time cross-university participating.then,Two schools common practice course league table/Exchanging teacher.This year,Two schools and further implementation of cadres/Teachers' union wanted,To establish the same campus the large grade group system.

　　西中街小学和北新桥小学的深度联盟只是东城区开展“学区制”管理的一种探索，目前，该区已组建了20对联盟校，学校间实现了教育资源、师资力量、教学研讨等全方位的共享。

West zhongjie street primary school and the depth of the primary school BeiXinQiao alliance only in dongcheng district"District system"Management of a kind of exploration,At present,The area has been established for 20 league school,To realize the education resources between the school/teachers/Teaching discussion, and so a full range of sharing.

　　为促进义务教育优质均衡发展，近年来，全市各区县积极创新体制，通过名校办分校、城乡学校手拉手、组建教育联合体等方式扩大优质教育资源辐射。以名校办分校为例，截至目前，全市共启动建设了24所名校分校，其中小学6所，中学18所，分布在顺义、通州、大兴、门头沟、平谷、密云、怀柔等11个郊区县，总建筑面积约30万平米，总投资约13.6亿元。

To promote the balanced development of compulsory education quality,In recent years,Each district and county of the positive innovation system,Through the name, school-run/Urban and rural school hand in hand/Education association established methods such as enlarge high quality education resources radiation.To name, school-run as an example,So far,The city a total of 24 start construction at school,The elementary school six,Middle school 18,Distribution in shunyi/tongzhou/daxing/vallely/pinggu/miyun/11 JiaoOuXian huairou, etc,With a total construction area of about 30 square meters,With a total investment of about 1.36 billion yuan.

　　

>>举措3 >>Measure 3

　　城里老师支教成常态化 The city teacher education into normalization

　　每天早晨6点，解春荣老师从位于延庆县城的家出发，驱车十余公里到张山营幼儿园上班。今年，已是她在这所幼儿园支教的第二个年头。张山营幼儿园是一所农村中心幼儿园，这里条件简陋，孩子水平参差不齐，为了帮助农校地区提升幼儿教育水平，两年前，解春荣从延庆县第一幼儿园主动请缨来到这里。

At 6 o 'clock in the morning every day,XieChunRong teachers from the start in yanqing county town home,Drove more than 10 kilometers to ZhangShanYing kindergarten work.This year,Is she in the kindergarten education second year.ZhangShanYing kindergarten is a rural center kindergarten,Here in primitive conditions,Different levels of children,In order to help aggie area children education level of ascension,Two years ago,XieChunRong yanqing county from the first kindergarten volunteered to come here.

　　解春荣只是北京市数千名下乡支教的城区教师中一员。从2005年起，北京市在全国率先启动了城镇教师支援农村教育工作。每年选派1000名城镇优秀教师到农村中小学全职支教一年，同时有2000名左右的骨干教师对农村中小学兼职支教。

XieChunRong just Beijing thousands of go to the countryside, the city of teacher education a member.Since 2005,Beijing in the lead in starting the town teacher support rural education work.Every year to select 1000 town outstanding teachers to rural primary and secondary school full-time education a year,At the same time, there are about 2000 teachers to the backbone of rural primary and secondary schools part-time education.

　　推进义务教育均衡发展，办学条件均衡是基础，师资均衡是关键，家长和学生“择校”实质上就是择师。为扭转优秀教师从村镇流向县城、从县城流向市区，从薄弱校流向普通校、从普通校流向重点校，从小学流向初中、从初中流向高中的单一流动倾向，北京市实施了高素质师资队伍建设工程，以农村教师队伍建设为重点，破解师资队伍内涵发展不足的难题，一方面由教育行政部门统一组织，建立了教师专业化发展的再培养机制，推动干部教师队伍优质发展，另一方面，积极推动干部教师流动制度化，把促进师资均衡作为义务教育均衡发展的重要突破口。

Promote balanced development of compulsory education,Conditions for running the equilibrium is the foundation,Teachers balance is the key,Parents and students"school"In essence is the choice of teachers.For torsional excellent teachers from town to town/From the county to the city,BoRuoJiao flow from ordinary school/From normal school ChongDianJiao flow,From the primary school to junior high school/From junior middle school to high school a single flow tendency,Beijing implemented a high-quality teachers team construction engineering,Rural teachers' team construction as the key point,Crack teachers lack of connotation development problem,On the one hand by the education administrative department unified organization,Established the teachers' professional development and cultivation mechanism,Promote cadres teachers quality development,On the other hand,Actively promote cadres teacher flow institutionalization,To promote teachers' balanced as a compulsory education balanced development the important breakthrough.

　　

对话 dialogue

　　北京市教委副主任罗洁 Deputy director of the Beijing municipal education commission LuoJie

　　三年实现县域义务教育均衡 Three years to achieve county obligation education equilibrium

　　记者：推动政府在教育均衡方面持续发力的内因是什么？

reporter:To promote the government in education balanced continually hair force of the internal cause is what?

　　罗洁：北京教育长期以来一直处于全国领先水平，然而，北京的义务教育发展也面临着一系列热点、难点问题：一是中小学现有布局不完全适应首都人口迁移聚集趋势，城乡接合部等新增人口聚集区学位紧张，入学压力较大。二是城乡之间、区域之间和区域内基础教育资源发展水平不平衡。三是现有教育资源不完全适应经济社会发展和人民群众接受良好教育的要求。四是来京务工人员随迁子女接受义务教育仍存在一些亟待解决的问题。总体来说，体现在教育资源总体上还不能很好地满足因经济社会快速发展、人口出生高峰到来、外来人口涌入等多重因素带来的不断扩大的教育需求。

LuoJie:Beijing education has long been in a leading position in China,however,Beijing's obligation education development is also faced with a series of hot spot/Difficult problem:A primary and secondary schools is not completely adapt to the capital existing layout population migration gathered trend,Urban and rural copula and new population accumulation degree nervous,Entrance pressure great.The second is between urban and rural areas/Between the area and area basic education resource development level is not balanced.The third is the existing education resources not completely adapt to economic and social development and the people received a good education requirements.The fourth is to Beijing to migrant workers SuiQian children receive compulsory education still has some problems to be solved.overall,Embodied in the education resources on the whole, still cannot meet for social and economic rapid development/Population birth peak arrival/Foreign influx of people on the multiple factors bring expanding education demand.

　　记者：如何破解城乡教育发展的不均衡？

reporter:How to crack urban and rural education development not balanced?

　　罗洁：加大对农村义务教育的扶持。每年新增教育经费的70%用于农村教育(五年共投入66.2亿元)。坚持开展“城乡百对学校手拉手”活动，鼓励高校对口支援远郊区县中小学，推动名校到远郊区县办分校。通过调整学校布局、改善办学条件、加强信息化建设、培训教师等多种方式，明显缩小城乡差距，加速城乡教育一体化进程。

LuoJie:Strengthen the rural compulsory education support.An annual increase of 70% of education funds for rural education(Five years has invested 6.62 billion yuan).Adhere to the development"The urban and rural areas to school hand in hand"activities,Encourage university partnerships support outer suburbs area county middle and primary school,Promote the school to the outer suburbs area county, do.By adjusting the school layout/Improve managerial condition/To strengthen the information construction/Teacher training and so on many kinds of ways,Obvious gap,Acceleration of urban and rural education integration process.

　　记者：怎么理解义务教育均衡？

reporter:How to understand the compulsory education balanced?

　　罗洁：均衡不是削峰填谷，追求平均。均衡的实质是追求教育的和谐发展，和而不同，各有特色，实现发展中的动态均衡，均衡中的和谐发展。北京的特殊地位，决定了本市要推进的义务教育均衡发展一定是在高品位、高质量上的多层次、多样化发展，是一个提升品位、质量、水平和效益的综合过程。

LuoJie:Equilibrium is not peak clipping fill valley,Pursuit of average.The essence of the balance is to pursue the harmonious development of the education,And different,Have distinguishing feature each,To realize the dynamic equilibrium development,The equilibrium of harmonious development.Beijing's special status,The city decided to push for compulsory education balanced development must be in high grade/The high quality of multi-level/Diversification development,Is an ascending grade/quality/Level and efficiency of integrated process.

　　记者：最终的目标是什么？

reporter:What is the final goal?

　　罗洁：优质均衡发展是“十二五”时期首都义务教育发展的价值追求，也成为今后5年首都教育的鲜明主题。

LuoJie:High quality is balanced development"1025"Period of the development of the compulsory education capital value pursuit,Also become the next five years the capital education the distinctive themes.

　　2011年3月，北京市和教育部首批签署义务教育均衡发展备忘录，向社会庄严承诺：2015年全市所有区县实现县域义务教育基本均衡发展，并通过市级人民政府认定。

In march of 2011,The first sign of Beijing and the ministry of education compulsory education balanced development memo,To the solemn promise:In 2015, the county education obligations all districts and counties to realize basic balanced development,And through the municipal people's government decided.