杨玉良，复旦大学校长、中国科学院院士 YangYuLiang,Fudan university President/Academician of the Chinese academy of sciences

　　人文教育区别于社会科学与自然科学，承担着怎样的功能？目前高校人文教育的状况如何？复旦大学自7年前实施的通识教育力图做怎样的探索？

Humanistic education different from social science and natural science,How to undertake the function?At present college humanities education situation how?Fudan university from 7 years ago of the implementation of the general education tries to explore how to do?

　　为此，记者专访了复旦大学校长杨玉良，听他讲述他眼中的高校人文教育。

therefore,Reporter interviews the fudan university President YangYuLiang,Listen to him about his eyes of university humanities education.

　　记者：您觉得人文教育承担的主要职责是什么？

reporter:You feel humanistic education take major responsibility is what?

　　杨玉良：在全球化的进程中，我们共同居住的星球变得越来越“小”，人们称其为“地球村”；然而人们的“眼界”却远未提升到相应的高度。由于人的本能和不恰当的教育结果，人们习惯于将任何不同于自己同族的思想与行为视为“异类”，从而使得不同文明之间的冲突频频发生。“国家利益至上主义”和极端的“民族主义”思潮甚嚣尘上，并成为打压其他文化，干涉别国内政，掠夺国际资源的思想基础。

YangYuLiang:In the process of globalization,We live together planet becomes more and more"small",People called it a"Global village";However people's"horizon"But far from ascend to the height of the corresponding.As a result of the person's instinct and inappropriate education results,People used to will be any different from his kin thoughts and behavior of the as"heterogeneous",In order to make the conflict between different civilizations occurred frequently."The interests of the state supremacy"And extreme"nationalism"Narrative thoughts,And become crack down on other culture,Interfere in the internal affairs of,Rob international resources ideological basis.

　　我个人认为，当世界只有一种文明和文化存在时，这种非多元文化的世界将是人类的末日。因此，我们中国人提出，各种文明应该“各美其美，美人之美，美美与共，天下大同”，只有这样，才能构建一种不同文明和文化和谐共存的世界格局。

Personally, I think,When the world is only a kind of civilization and culture exists,This kind of multicultural world will be the end of the human.therefore,We Chinese put forward,All kinds of civilization should"Each beautiful its beauty,Beauty beauty,Meimei together,Unity of the world",Only in this way,To construct a different civilization and cultural harmonious coexistence of the pattern of the world.

　　人文教育的目的是要让受教育者去严肃地思考未来的世界应该是什么样子，怎样的未来世界才是我们所期待的；社会科学，与自然科学一样，应是本着这样的期待去研究通向这个更为美好的世界的可能途径。因此，让大学里的受教育者去了解、理解、宽容各种文明和文化的存在，并使他们具有跨文化的沟通能力，这是一项十分重要的举措。

Humanistic education purpose is to let the educatees to seriously think about the world of the future should be what appearance,What kind of future world is what we are looking forward to;Social science,And the nature of science,Should be in line with such expect to research leads to the more beautiful world possible way.therefore,Let college educated to understand/understand/Forgive all kinds of civilization and the existence of culture,And make them of intercultural communication ability,This is a very important measure.

　　记者：结合新世纪的发展情况，您觉得人文教育的重要性是日益凸显了还是日渐衰落了？

reporter:Combined with the development of the new century,Do you think the importance of humanistic education is increasingly highlights have been gradually declined?

　　杨玉良：这个世纪确实是一个知识的时代，这似乎已经是大家的共识。然而我要强调，仅仅“知识”是不够的，我们更需要“思想”。社会科学的知识和自然科学的知识一样都是“双刃剑”。在“工具理性”思维的驱使下，人们可以利用这些知识来创造毁灭人类的武器，也可以制造危害人类的“金融风暴”。

YangYuLiang:This century is really a knowledge of the age,This seems to have been the consensus of all.However, I want to emphasize,only"knowledge"Is not enough,We need more"thought".Social science knowledge and natural science knowledge is as"Double-edged sword".in"Instrumental rationality"Driven by thinking,People can use that knowledge to create destroy human weapons,Can also manufacture of harm mankind"Financial storm".

　　要让“知识”真正服务于全人类的未来命运，我们更需要“思想”，更需要加强人文学科的研究和教育。

let"knowledge"The real service all over the future of human destiny,We need more"thought",More need to strengthen humanities research and education.

　　近两个世纪以来，由于在技术上的巨大成功，也包括社会科学知识的巨大成功，人们在很大程度上摆脱了自然法则和社会法则对人类自由的限制，但同时也带来了一个思想贫乏的时代。人类近一两个世纪的巨大发展基本上是基于20世纪以前的思想家和哲学家们的思想。因此，我更希望在新世纪里，将“知识的时代”转化为“思想的时代”，即成为一个一流思想家和哲学家辈出的时代。

Nearly two centuries,Because the technology great success,Also includes social science knowledge of the great success,People in a large extent, get rid of the natural law and social law restrictions to human freedom,But at the same time also brought a vacuity era.Human close to a two centuries of great development is basically based on 20 century ago thinkers and philosophers thought.therefore,I more hope that in the new century,will"Era of knowledge"into"The era of",That is to become a first-class thinkers and philosophers are coming forward inmultitudes.

　　我曾经对我们的学生说过：“一个国家，有再强的经济、军事，但如果没有一流的哲学家和思想家，那么它就成不了一个真正的世界强国。”同样，如果人类出不了一流的哲学家和思想家，我们就很难解决当今和未来人类所面临的各类重大而复杂的问题。这也是我们要加强人文与社会科学的研究与教育的重要起因之一。

I have to our students said:"A country,Have again the strong economy/military,But if there is no first-class philosopher and thinker,It can't a real world power."The same,If human out not the best philosopher and thinker,We will be very difficult to solve the current and future human faces all kinds of great and complicated problem.This is also we must strengthen the humanity and social science research and education is one of the important causes.

　　记者：我们了解到，复旦大学在7年前开始实施通识教育，这是基于怎样的考虑？

reporter:We understand that there is a,Fudan university in seven years ago began to carry out the general education,This is based on the consideration of how?

　　杨玉良：关心中国发展的人都会注意到，政府最近接连出台了一系列规划和措施来推动人文与社会科学的发展。我们认为，人文与社会科学可以为国家的现代化进程提供理性的思维，为制度建设提供理论依据，为人的发展提供精神与价值的选择。这是我们从物质生活与精神生活的巨大张力的教训中所得出的体悟。

YangYuLiang:Concerned about China's development will be noticed,The government recently were issued a series of planning and measures to promote the development of humanities and social science.We think,Humanities and social science can for the country's modernization process to provide rational thinking,To provide theoretical basis for the system construction,For human development spirit and value choice.This is our from the material life and spiritual life lessons of the great tension gains from understanding.

　　我对中国近30年来的发展做过如下的粗略概括：在第一个10年，大家认为我们要发展技术，因为我们要有能力自己制造彩色电视机和电冰箱等，以改善我们的物质生活；在第二个10年中，人们意识到技术的源头在基础科学，所以我们设立了NSFC（中国国家自然科学基金委员会）；在第三个10年中，人们才发现人文与社会科学也是重要的，但客观上社会科学（如政治、经济、管理、法律……）得到了很大的重视，而最近对人文学科和文化建设的重视是因中国现时的社会和世界格局的状况中所逼出来的。

I to China nearly 30 years development done the following divided roughly:In the first 10 years,You think we want to develop technology,Because we must have the ability to make color television sets and refrigerators,In order to improve our material life;In the second decade,People realize the source of the technology in basic science,So we set up the NSFC(The national natural science foundation of China);In the third 10 years,People found that humanities and social science is also important,But objectively social science(Such as political/economic/management/law……)Got a lot of attention,And the humanities and culture construction attention is because China's current social and pattern of the world in the condition of forced out.

　　我这里指的“人们”不仅仅是学者们，也包括普通百姓和政治家们。作为有着深厚人文传统的复旦大学较早地认识到了人文和社会科学对当今中国的重要性。我们从3年前开始就启动了“复旦大学人文振兴计划”，并将其作为国内外汉学经典的研究和交流平台；成立了“国家建设研究中心”和“复旦发展研究院”来开展社会转型、制度建设和治理形态的研究，目的是服务国家决策并期望成为世界一流的大学智库，也为研究中国当代政治、经济、社会等问题提供国际合作与交流的平台。为此，复旦大学的“985”三期投入在人文与社会科学上的经费达到了“985”二期费用的6.5倍以上。

I am here refers to the"people"Is not only the scholars,Also includes ordinary people and politicians.As a profound humanistic traditional fudan university earlier to know humanities and social sciences in China's importance.We start from 3 years ago launched"Fudan university humanities stimulus plan",And as a classic sinology at home and abroad research and exchange platform;established"National construction research center"and"Fudan development research institute"To carry out social transformation/The system construction and management form of research,Purpose is to serve the national decision-making and expect to become the world first-class university think-tank,Also for the research of Chinese contemporary political/economic/Society provide international cooperation and exchange platform.therefore,Fudan university"985"The third phase of investment in the humanities and social science funds reached"985"The cost of the second phase of 6.5 times or more.

　　为什么要建立国际合作与交流的平台？我们的考虑是基于东西方文化的差异。就我的认识而言，植根于古希腊文明和欧洲“文艺复兴”的西方文化以“人本主义”、“分析”与“逻辑”见强；而根植于中国传统文化和受近代中国“救亡”的形势所逼迫，中国文化以“集体主义”、“综合”和“悟性”的思维方式为特征，其具有各自的优点和适用性。当今世界所面对的诸多重大问题都极其复杂，或许研究和解决这些问题必须依据糅合了东西方文化之所长的思维方式。最近，复旦大学与英国的丁铎尔全球气候与环境研究中心合作成立了“复旦—丁铎尔全球气候与环境研究中心”，我们期望这个“中心”能够成为集东西方思维方式来研究与解决全球乃至全人类的复杂问题的典范。 Why to build international cooperation and exchange platform?Our consideration is based on the difference of eastern and western cultures.I know in,Rooted in the ancient Greek civilization and Europe"Renaissance"With the western culture"humanistic"/"analysis"and"logic"See strong;And the grounding in Chinese traditional culture and the modern Chinese"save"The persecuted,The Chinese culture to"collectivism"/"comprehensive"and"understanding"Way of thinking for characteristics,It has its own advantages and applicability.In today's world faces many important problems are extremely complex,Perhaps research and solve these problems must be based on mixture of eastern and western cultures of way of thinking.recently,Fudan university and British DingDuoEr global climate and environmental research center established cooperation"Fudan - DingDuoEr global climate and environmental research center",We expect that the"center"Can be set eastern and western way of thinking to research and solve global and even all the human beings complicated problem model.