近年来研究生教育备受诟病。

In recent years, graduate education is for.

　　据教育部、国家发改委联合下发的《2012年全国研究生招生计划的通知》显示，2012年我国研究生计划招生规模达584416人，其中硕士生517200人。与2003年的26万多人相比，10年间翻了一番。

According to the ministry of education/The national development and reform commission jointly issued the[In 2012 the national graduate student enrollment plan notice]display,In 2012, postgraduate program the recruitment of students scale up to 584416 people,The master's 517200 people.More than 260000 people and 2003 compared,10 years doubled.

　　与此同时，报考研究生的数量又在迅猛增加。2012年报考硕士研究生的人数为165.6万人，比2011年又增长6.9%(14万人)，创历史新高。

meanwhile,Enter oneself for an examination the number of graduate students and the rapid increase.In 2012 the number of master graduate student to enter oneself for an examination for 1.656 million people,More than 2011 years and growth of 6.9%(140000 people),A record.

　　随之而来的，硕士生就业率低于本科生，一个导师带十几个学生的新闻频频见诸报端，面对硕士研究生扩招带来的结果，更有人心酸地调侃：你猜得到开头，却猜不到结尾。

subsequent,Master's employment rate lower than undergraduates,A teacher with ten several students news frequently in the central hunan province,In the face of master graduate student enrollment bring results,More people sad ridicule:Can you guess the beginning,But guess at the end.

　　25岁的王晶晶考上某大学哲学系的研究生后，她的父母摆了场酒席请亲戚朋友吃饭。她是家族里第一个考上研究生的孩子，王晶晶清晰地记得大家看她父母时流露出的羡慕神情。

25 WangJingJing admitted to a university graduate student of philosophy after,Her parents put a Dutch please relatives and friends to dinner.She is in the family, in the first take an examination of graduate child,WangJingJing clearly remember everyone to see her parents reveal the envy of the expression.

　　可在她硕士毕业后，她的父老乡亲们却没有心情再赞美她，因为3年后，她成为家里第一个失业的人。

But in her master's after graduation,The old folks made her but not in the mood to praise her,For three years,She became the first home unemployed people.

　　王晶晶在接受记者采访时说：“一看见我，很多人就会想我的研究生白上了。”

WangJingJing when accepting a reporter to interview:"A see me,A lot of people will think I graduate student on the white."

　　事实上，王晶晶并不是没找到工作，毕业后她顺利应聘到一家广告公司做文案策划。这是她第一份工作，虽然工资不高，但她依然满怀激情、斗志昂扬。用她的话说：“希望通过这份工作尽快融入社会。”

In fact,WangJingJing not haven't found a job,After graduation she successfully apply to an advertising company do copy planning.This is her first job,Although the salary is not high,But she is still full of passion/High spirit.In her words:"Hope that through this job in the society as soon as possible."

　　工作半年后，由于不堪忍受微薄的工资待遇和超强度的工作压力，她毅然决定辞职。

Work after six months,Due to the unbearable low pay and super strength work pressure,She resolutely decided to resign.

　　从广告公司辞职后，王晶晶应聘到一家网站做编辑。工作没3个月，她又辞职了，原因是公司人情味太淡，勾心斗角，让她无法适应。这次辞职后她没再继续找工作，而是收拾行囊回到老家。

From the advertising company after resignation,WangJingJing applies for a website editor.Work no 3 months,She quit again,The reason is the company the milk of human kindness is too light,Intrigue against each other,Let her can't adapt.The resignation later she didn't continue to looking for a job,But pack their bags back to their hometown.

　　连续两次就业失败，几乎打掉了她所有的积极性。当她看着研究生毕业的自己和一群本科生、专科生，甚至中专生干同样工作的时候，一股不平衡感油然而生：“总觉得自己的付出没有得到回报。”

Two successive employment failure,Almost knocked out all her enthusiasm.When she looked at graduate student to own and a group of undergraduates/Junior college student,Even secondary specialized school students' doing the same work,A stock does not balance arises spontaneously:"Always feel that their pay has not been returned."

　　和她一样迷惑的，是近年来备受诟病的研究生教育。

And she lost,In recent years for the graduate students education.

　　据教育部、国家发改委联合下发的《2012年全国研究生招生计划的通知》显示，2012年我国研究生计划招生规模达584416人，其中硕士生517200人。与2003年的26万多人相比，10年间翻了一番。

According to the ministry of education/The national development and reform commission jointly issued the[In 2012 the national graduate student enrollment plan notice]display,In 2012, postgraduate program the recruitment of students scale up to 584416 people,The master's 517200 people.More than 260000 people and 2003 compared,10 years doubled.

　　与此同时，报考研究生的数量又在迅猛增加。2012年报考硕士研究生的人数为165.6万人，比2011年又增长6.9%(14万人)，创历史新高。

meanwhile,Enter oneself for an examination the number of graduate students and the rapid increase.In 2012 the number of master graduate student to enter oneself for an examination for 1.656 million people,More than 2011 years and growth of 6.9%(140000 people),A record.

　　随之而来的，硕士生就业率低于本科生，一个导师带十几个学生的新闻频频见诸报端，面对硕士研究生扩招带来的结果，更有人心酸地调侃：你猜得到开头，却猜不到结尾。

subsequent,Master's employment rate lower than undergraduates,A teacher with ten several students news frequently in the central hunan province,In the face of master graduate student enrollment bring results,More people sad ridicule:Can you guess the beginning,But guess at the end.

　　

就业：曲线就业遭遇曲折 employment:Curve employment encounter twists and turns

　　正午当头，硕士应届毕业生王亚明身穿从同学那里借来的职业装，步入一家公关公司，接受总经理助理岗位的面试。

Noon a pledge,Master's graduate students in WangYaMing from borrowed business attire,Into a public relations company,To accept the position of assistant to the general manager interview.

　　从年初开始，这是她参加过的第16次应聘面试，其间一共经历过8家公司的招聘，但都没能如愿以偿。

From the beginning of the,This is she participated in 16th job interview,Meanwhile a total of eight experienced company's recruitment,But all failed to achieve.

　　王亚明拥有吉林省某名牌大学硕士学历，她梦寐以求的理想工作，是在北京找到一份和专业相关的工作，过上相对有保障的生活。

WangYaMing jilin province has a famous university master degree,She dreamed of a dream job,Be in Beijing find a and professional related work,Live a relatively more secure life.

　　起初在9个事业单位的招聘考试中，王亚明都以较高的成绩进入面试，但在面试环节，却屡遭拒绝。这使她逐渐对进入事业单位的想法有所动摇，开始陆续参加私企的招聘。

At first in the nine institutions of the recruitment exam,WangYaMing with higher performance in the interview,But in an interview link,Has repeatedly refused.This made her to gradually enter the business unit idea shaky,Begin to roll in private enterprise in the recruitment.

　　参加过一些著名私企招聘后，她还是没能如愿以偿。单位反馈给她的信息是，招聘岗位看重的并不是较高的学历，而是较强的工作能力和工作经验。

In some famous private companies after the recruitment,She still failed to achieve.Unit feedback to her information is,Recruitment post value is not high degree,But a strong ability to work and work experience.

　　对于刚刚毕业的王亚明来讲，这恰恰是她的短板。王亚明觉得自己是个硕士生，不能轻易安置自己。在有些跌宕的应聘过程中，王亚明对前途有了些许迷茫。

For just graduate WangYaMing speaking,This just is her short plate.WangYaMing feel like a master,Can't easily placed himself.In some ups and downs in the process of applying for,For the future WangYaMing have some confusion.

　　王亚明对记者说，研究生就业受到了博士生和本科生的“两头挤压”。想从事研究工作，但现在高校、研究院都要博士生，不要硕士生；而企业招基础性岗位，更青睐动手能力强的本科生。即使是企业需要研发人员，也会选择与科研院所合作，不会用刚刚毕业的硕士研究生。“有些同学后悔读研：还不如本科毕业就工作，也不至于落到现在‘高不成低不就’的境地。”王亚明沮丧地说。

WangYaMing told reporters,Graduate employment by the doctoral and undergraduate"Two head extrusion".Want to be engaged in research work,But now the/Research institute will doctoral student,Don't master;And enterprise recruit basic position,More favour begins ability of undergraduate students.Even if is the enterprise need to research personnel,Also can choose cooperation with scientific research institutions,Don't use just graduate master graduate student."Some students regret to go to graduate school:Than undergraduate course graduation will work,Also not fall now‘High inadequate DiBuJiu’situation."WangYaMing upsetly say.

　　2008年，教育部开始对高校扩招进行反思，并且首次表示1999年决定的全国高校大规模扩招太急促。但2009年，在全球金融风暴的背景下，研究生的招生规模开始扩大。

In 2008,,The ministry of education began to rethink the expansion of enrollment in colleges,For the first time in 1999 and said to the national college large-scale enrollment is too short.But in 2009,In the global financial storm's background,Graduate recruitment of students scale began to expand.

　　本科生扩招之后，我国一跃成为世界上高等教育规模最大的国家。但是大学生就业难问题开始出现，高等教育走上了粗放型发展的路子。

After undergraduate enrollment,China has become the world higher education's largest country.But college students' employment problem.based began to appear,Higher education on the extensive development way.

　　2012年4月20日，教育部明确提出，今后公办普通高校本科招生规模将保持相对稳定，持续长达13年的高校本科扩招就此画上句号，但研究生扩招却愈演愈烈。

On April 20, 2012,The ministry of education put forward,The future is business ordinary university undergraduate enrollment scale will remain relatively stable,Lasted more than 13 years of college undergraduate course enrollment expansion in this picture full stop,But the graduate student enrollment is intensified.

　　资料显示，2012年全国共招收58.4万名研究生，与2007年的44.9万人相比，5年间研究生招生规模增长了30%，比2003年翻了一番。

Data shows,The 2012 national recruited 584000 graduate students,And 2007 in 449000 compared with,Five years dimensions of graduate student recruit students increased by 30%,More than 2003 doubled.

　　来自《全国高校毕业生就业状况》的数据显示，2005年，我国考研人数首次突破百万人。自此，直到2009年，硕士生就业率连续下降。2009年至2011年，连续3年硕士生的就业率甚至不及本科生。

from[The national college graduates employment status]Data showed that,In 2005,,Our country for the first time the number one's deceased father grind breakthrough one million people.Since then,Until 2009,Master's employment continuous decline.From 2009 to 2011,Three consecutive years of undergraduate employment master even less.

　　一份来自江苏省人才市场的统计也证实了这种尴尬：2011年高校毕业生中，研究生就业率为86.62%，本科生为90.30%，专科生为94.10%，研究生就业率低于专科生就业率近8个百分点。

A from jiangsu province talent market statistics also confirmed this kind of awkward:In 2011 the college graduates,Graduate employment rate is 86.62%,Undergraduate students is 90.30%,Junior college student is 94.10%,Graduate employment rate below the junior college student employment rate nearly 8%.

　　大学教育的“饼子”越摊越大，毕业生的就业形势日趋严峻。有用人单位指出，当前大学教育质量下滑，形成了“今天的博士不如5年前的硕士，5年前的硕士不如10年前的本科”的贬值链。

University education of"cake"The greater the booth,Graduates employment situation is severe.Have pointed out that unit of choose and employ persons,The university education quality decline,formed"Today's doctor as master of five years ago,Five years ago as the undergraduate course of 10 years ago"Depreciation of the chain.

　　

师资：导师不堪重负 teachers:Tutor unbearable heavy burden

　　面对研究生“扩招”，国务院特殊津贴获得者唐凌教授很忧心：“扩招给师资力量不足的学校带来了新的压力，以前是一位导师指导两至三名研究生，现在一些学校甚至发展到一位导师指导20名至30名研究生，科研水平和论文质量的下滑趋势迫切需要引起重视。”

In the face of the graduate student"enrollment",The state council special allowance winner TangLing professor so worried:"Enrollment for teachers strength shortage of school brings new pressure,Used to be a teacher guiding two to three graduate students,Now some schools even development to a teacher guide 20 to 30 graduate student,The scientific research level and paper quality decreasing urgent need to bring to the attention."

　　近几年来，媒体频频报道，称一名教授带十多名甚至数十名研究生，有些学生一年也没见过导师几回。“一个人带这么多学生，怎么可能培养出好的人才来。”

In recent years,Media frequently reported,Say a professor with more than 10 or even dozens of graduate students,Some students a year also haven't seen teacher a few back."A person with so many students,How can cultivate good talent."

　　复旦大学新闻学院教授、博士生导师李良荣告诉记者，现在研究生教育的情况是 导师不堪重负，学生怨声载道。

The journalism school of fudan university professor/Doctoral tutor LiLiangRong told reporters,Now the graduate student education is teacher unbearable heavy burden,Students complain.

　　李良荣是复旦大学新闻学院1979级的硕士研究生，他的导师是著名的新闻教育家王中。“他(王中)当时只带我一个研究生，我每周都要去他家3次。”

LiLiangRong is in the journalism school of fudan university level 1979 master graduate student,His teacher is famous news educator WangZhong."he(WangZhong)At that time only take me a graduate student,Every week I go to his house three times."

　　李良荣已经带了十几年的研究生，“过去一年只带一两个研究生，我会把他叫到家里来，给他出选题，教他怎么写论文”。

LiLiangRong has brought more than 10 years of graduate students,"In the past year with only one or two graduate students,I called him to come home,Subject to him out of,Teach him how to write paper".

　　现在李良荣每个星期也会把他的研究生叫到家里来“开小灶”，只不过从原来的“一对一”变成了现在的“小班”。

Now LiLiangRong each week will put his graduate student called to come home"KaiXiaoZao",Just from the original"one-on-one"Into the present"Small class".

　　“以前我是主动找学生，现在只能被动地被学生找。”李良荣说，“我现在没有那么多题目给我的研究生，只能是他们有问题了来找我，我再给他们解答。”

"Before I am actively looking for students,Now only passive by students to find."LiLiangRong said,"I am not so many questions for my graduate student,Only they have the problem come and find me,I'll give them solutions."

　　李良荣告诉记者，每年4月份是他最“痛苦”的一个月，“学校一般要求4月28日上交硕士论文，学生一般会在4月上旬把论文交给我，我一个月内至少要看七八篇，每篇10万至12万字，我每天看论文要看到凌晨3点，看得嘴唇发紫”。

LiLiangRong told reporters,In April each year was his most"pain"A month,"The school general requirements on April 28, master's thesis due,Students usually in early April the paper to me,Me a month to see at least eight article,Every 100000 to 120000 words,Every day I see the paper see at three in the morning,See purple lips".

　　公开资料显示，目前，包括北大、浙江大学、武大、华中科大等6大高校在内，每年招收研究生规模在6600人以上，这意味着，这些高校研究生在校规模达近两万人，其他万人规模的高校更是不在少数。

Public data shows,At present,Including Peking University/Zhejiang university/Wu3 da4/Central China university college, six major,Recruit every year graduate scale in more than 6600 people,This means that,These university graduate school size of nearly twenty thousand people,The other ten thousand people scale of university is not a few.

　　这么多的学生，师资力量如何？2008年，5年一次的全国科技工作者状况调查表示，我国15.7%的研究生导师指导的在读研究生在10人以上(含10人)，还有近1%的导师指导的在读研究生在20人以上，有的甚至达到30人。

So many students,Teachers how to?In 2008,,Five years a national science and technology workers condition investigation said,Our country 15.7% of graduate teacher guidance is reading a graduate student in more than 10 people(Containing 10 people),And nearly 1% of teacher guidance is reading a graduate student in more than 20 people,Some even up to 30 people.

　　在一项对高校导师的调查问卷中发现，经济、法律、管理等热门专业，一位导师名下的在校研究生人数超过20人的比较常见。另外，一些教师为了增加收入忙于在外“走穴”，开办或参与各种培训班、辅导班，一身兼多职。这种结果，直接导致研究生的质量下降。

In a study of college teacher found in questionnaire,economic/law/Management popular major,A teacher in the name of a college graduate student more than 20 people more common.In addition,Some teachers in order to increase income busy out"Money imparting knowledge to",Open or participate in various types of training/Remedial class,A multitasking.The results,Directly led to the decrease of the quality of the graduate students.

　　中国传媒大学一名不愿意透露姓名的教授，给记者回忆起上世纪80年代末读研究生的时光，语气中多了几分感慨。

The Chinese media university a anonymous professor,Give reporters to recall the 1980 s read a graduate student time,Tone much a few minutes regrets.

　　“那时候导师总共才带4名学生，我们经常在导师书房聆听老师授课，到饭点大家围在一起吃饭，其乐融融。现在我每级带七八个研究生，最多的时候带过10个。我自己还要做学术研究，分身乏术，实在做不到对每个学生都悉心培养，并且现在研究生自身的能力也有很大问题，能踏实做学问的太少。”这位教授说。

"The teacher took a total of four students,We often study in your teacher to listen to a teacher teaching,To rice point all around have a meal together,Harmony of.Now I take every level 7 or 8 graduate student,Most of the time once took 10.I have to do academic research,Member to,It can't do for each student to train,And now the graduate student own ability also to have the very big problem,Can sureness scholar too little."The professor said.

　　上述教授指出，扩招给高校研究生教育带来的负面影响主要有两个方面：一是教育资源紧张，包括师资力量、科研设备、经费等；二是生源门槛降低，学生整体水平下降。

The professor pointed out that,Enrollment for college graduate student education from the negative influence of the mainly has two aspects:One is the education resources nervous,Including teachers/Scientific research equipment/Funds and;The second is to reduce the threshold of students,The overall level of students drop.

　　

稀释教育质量 Dilution education quality

　　《一位教授：我向“扩招”投降》的网帖则说的更直白：“我以前上课一直是天马行空，因为我相信，所谓教授，一是要有自己的学术思想，二是要善于启发学生独立思考。但是，一间教室80个以上的学生如黑云压城，我只能重新开始填鸭式的满堂灌。我不记得他们中的任何人，他们也不会记得我讲过的任何事，大家只是在一起为GDP做贡献。拿大学当乡镇企业，我不得不投降；拿学术建设当流水线，追求‘规模效应’，我不得不投降……”

[A professor:I asked"enrollment"surrender]Net post is more straightforward:"I used to class has been a powerful and unconstrained style,Because I believe that,The professor,One is to have their own academic ideas,The second is to inspire the student is good at independent thinking.but,A class of more than 80 students such as dark clouds pressure city,I can only start cramming daunted.I don't remember any of them,They also won't remember I told anything,Everyone just together contribute to GDP.Take university as township enterprises,I had to surrender;Take academic construction when the assembly line,pursuit‘Scale effect’,I had to surrender..."

　　研究生扩招在一定程度上稀释了教育质量，在导师越来越“忙”的同时，研究生的论文也越来越“水”。

Graduate student enrollment expansion in a certain extent, dilute the education quality,In the teacher more and more"busy"At the same time,Graduate thesis also more and more"water".

　　在教师层面，他们共同的感受是很多研究生无心向学。5月17日，中国人民大学教授张鸣发表博文《走过场的大学》，称“无论是设计，还是论文，都是糊弄，而且已经糊弄很长时间了”，“很多答辩会，就变成恭维大会，你好我好，大家都好”。

In the teachers' level,Their common feeling is a lot of graduate students whose mood.On May 17,,China people's university professor ZhangMing published bowen[Go through the motions of the university],says"Whether the design,Or paper,Are deceive,And has paste lane for a long time","A lot of the,Becomes the compliment,Hello! I'm good,All good".

　　张鸣认为，出现这样糊弄式的教育，关键是体制原因，高等教育从本质上讲，是个严进宽出的结构，“加上这些年扩招，大学膨胀，萝卜快了不洗泥，宽出，就更加宽得没边”。

ZhangMing think,Such deceive type education,The key is system reason,Higher education essentially,A strict into wide out of the structure,"Add these enrollment expansion,University expansion,Radish fast don't wash mud,Wide out,Even more so wide that have no side have".

　　而在学生层面，用人单位既要求高学历，又要求经验丰富的实习经历，让他们无所适从。“这让我们在读研期间把大量的时间放在了实习上面，论文最后只能糊弄。”王亚明说。

And in the student level,Unit of choose and employ persons requests the highly educated,Asked for the experienced practice experience,Let them not know what to do."This let us in during grinding make a great deal of time on the practice it,The paper finally can only deceive."Testified of.

　　21世纪教育研究院副院长熊丙奇在接受记者采访时说，研究生扩招在一定程度上缓解了本科生就业难，但高校主要还是看中了研究生招生巨大的生源市场，迎合了社会上畸形的高学历消费需求。

The 21st century education institute, vice President of the XiongBingJi when accepting a reporter to interview,Graduate student enrollment expansion in a certain extent alleviate the difficult employment undergraduate students,But the main or take a fancy to the graduate admissions huge germ market,Cater to the society on the highly educated consumer demand deformity.

　　熊丙奇介绍，从2011年的毕业人数来看，北大、中科大、清华等10所高校的研究生毕业人数，都超过了当年的本科生毕业人数。其中，中山大学的研究生毕业人数比本科多3300多人，中国人民大学、中南大学多出2800多人，北大多出2500多人。这就是说，至少3年前，这些高校的研究生招生规模就超过了本科生。

XiongBingJi introduced,From 2011 years of graduation arrivals,north/ZhongKeDa/Tsinghua university, and other 10 universities and the number of graduate student,That is more than the number of undergraduate students.the,Zhongshan university graduate than undergraduate course of more than 3300 people,People's university of China/Central south university more than 2800 people,Peking University more than 2500 people.This means that,At least 3 years ago,These dimensions of graduate student recruit students of the university, more than undergraduate.

　　有评论指出，如果没有培养制度和教育内容的改革，仅仅是追求数量增加，研究生扩招很可能重蹈本科扩招的覆辙。

Critics say,If there is no training education system and the reform of the content,Is only the pursuit of quantity increase,Graduate student enrollment is likely to repeat mistakes of the undergraduate enrollment.

　　尽管21世纪教育研究院院长杨东平不愿将就业率与学生的培养质量联系在一起，也很难看到其中有哪些深层次的因果关系，但他依然相信，当下的研究生培养出现了大问题，以至对其就业率的解读都要成为学历“贬值”的发泄途径。

Although the 21st century education research institute President YangDongPing reluctant to employment and the education of the students quality relates in together,Also it is difficult to see there are what deep causal relationship,But he still believe,The current graduate education appeared big problem,As well as the interpretation of the employment will be degree"depreciation"outlet.

　　在熊丙奇看来，研究生的扩招，并不是从研究生本身的教育规律出发考虑，而是在一味地追求办学规模、办学政绩和现实利益，使我国的研究生教育30余年的时间就走完了美国100多年的路，实现了“赶美超英”的目标。

In XiongBingJi seems,Graduate enrollment,Not from graduate student education law is starting to consider,But in the pursuit of scale of running blindly/The achievements and realistic interests,Make our graduate education more than 30 years time to go over the 100 years of road,realized"Cast beauty Chris"goal.

　　一个重要的佐证是 国务院学位办的数据显示，中国大陆获准授予学士学历的大学有700多所，美国有1000多所，但我们拥有博士授权资格的高校超过310所，而美国只有253所。

An important evidence is the state council XueWeiBan data display,Mainland China allowed to award bachelor's degree of the university has more than 700,The United States has more than 1000,But we have authorized doctor qualification of university more than 310,And the United States had 253.

　　面对导师不堪重负、学生怨声载道的现实，专家呼吁，研究生教育亟待由规模扩张向内涵发展转型。一方面扩招要紧急“刹车”，另一方面提质需“加速”。

In the face of the tutor unbearable heavy burden/Students complain reality,The experts urged,The graduate student education to be the scale expansion to the connotation development transformation.On the one hand expansion to emergency"brake",On the other hand carry mass should be"accelerated".

　　

考研五大怪象 One's deceased father grind five big strange like

　　“怪象”之一：整班去考研

"Strange like"of:The whole class to one's deceased father grind

　　“怪象”之二：考研是为了家长

"Strange like"second:One's deceased father grind is to parents

　　“怪象”之三：“裸考”上阵，只想碰碰运气

"Strange like"# 3:"Bare exam"battle,Just want to chance it

　　“怪象”之四：执意“再战”，不惜放弃已得到的录取机会

"Strange like"4:Persisted in"You fight",Would give up the opportunity has been admitted

　　“怪象”之五：大一动手，冲刺四年只为考研

"Strange like"5:Freshman to,Sprint four years just for one's deceased father grind