特邀嘉宾 毛振明教授（北京师范大学体育学院院长、博士生导师）

Special guest MaoZhenMing professor(Beijing normal university sports institute director/Doctoral tutor)

　　冯兆强（广州市学生体育艺术教育协会副会长）

FengZhaoJiang(Guangzhou student sports art education vice chairman of the association)

　　刚刚过去的周末，华中科技大学秋季运动会开幕。与往年不同，在今年的比赛项目中，女子3000米和男子5000米项目“不见了”。运动会负责人表示，这两个项目对学生体质要求较高，取消是为了避免参赛学生“受伤”。该校体育部副主任沈跃进介绍，每年新生入学都会进行体能、体质测试，达标结果不太理想。由此看来，现今大学生的体质真的变差了吗？

Just the past weekend,Central China university of science and technology autumn games.Different with previous years,In this year's events,Women's 3000 m and the men's 5000 m project"gone".Sports chief said,These two projects on students' physical demand is higher,Cancel is to avoid the students"injury".The school sports, deputy director of the ShenYueJin is introduced,Every year the new entrance will fitness/Physical test,The result is not too ideal.So it,Nowadays college students' physique really variation?

　　日前，国务院办公厅转发教育部、体育总局等四部委《关于进一步加强学校体育工作的若干意见》的通知。其中要求“积极探索在高中学业水平考试中增加体育科目的做法，推进高考综合评价体系建设，有效发挥其对增强学生体质的引导作用”。通俗地说，个中意思就是推动体育纳入高考。初中升高中加试体育已经在全国各地基本普及，而高考内容中为什么要加入体育？是否会增加原本就功课繁重的学生的压力？体育参与高考是门槛还是评分？本期三言两拍邀请北京师范大学体育学院院长、博士生导师毛振明教授，广州市学生体育艺术教育协会副会长冯兆强，试图从不同的视角来谈体育进入高考，如何才能搞得更好。

a,The general office of the state council forwarding the ministry of education/General administration of sport and so on four ministries and commissions[On further strengthening school sports work certain opinions]notice.The requirements"Active exploration in the high school level exam increase the practice of sports course,Promote the university entrance exam comprehensive evaluation system construction,Effective play its to the enhancement of students' physical guidance role".Popularly says,The means to promote sports into the college entrance examination.Junior high school in sports has increased in all parts of the country, general basic popularization,And the university entrance exam content why want to join the sports?Whether it will increase in workload was heavy students' pressure?Sports to participate in college entrance examination is a threshold or score?This three words two pat invited Beijing normal university sports institute director/MaoZhenMing doctoral tutor professor,Guangzhou student sports art education association, vice chairman of FengZhaoJiang,Trying to from different perspectives to talk about sports entering the university entrance exam,How to make better.

高考考体育实际上是 College entrance examination examination sports is actually

体育地位、体育意识的“考试” Sports status/Sports consciousness"examination"

　　尽管国家教育部硬性规定中小学生每天至少锻炼一小时，但真正能做到这一点的学校并不多。

Although the national ministry of education compulsory primary and middle school students daily exercise at least an hour,But the real can do this school is not much.

　　毛振明：用高考来引起人们对体育的重视，这是一件可悲的事情，因为我们本不应该用这样的方式。我们要迈向体育强国，我们国家建设需要体魄强健的人，但不少大学生体质下降，有的青少年体质不佳。用高考这种方式来让大家重视体育，真的不该是这样的。在当前这种状况下，用高考促进人们的体育意识和习惯，其实是不得已，但又可能是非常有效的一个方法。所以，鉴于现有青少年体质实情，我非常支持在现在这种情况下只能走在高考内容中加入体育的这种道路。此外，我们知道，体育的目的不仅是增强体质，因此光靠高考根本不可能达到体育的所有目的，高考考体育不是学历的考试、课程的评价考试，根本就是体育地位的考试、体育意识的考试。

MaoZhenMing:Use the university entrance exam to cause the attention of people in sports,This is a sad thing,Because we should not in this way.We want to toward sports power,Our country construction need strong people,But many college students physical deterioration,Some teenagers poor physique.Use the university entrance exam this way to let you pay attention to sports,Really shouldn't be such.In the current this kind of situation,Use the university entrance exam promoting people's sports consciousness and habit,It is necessary,But again, it might be very effective a method.so,In view of the existing youth physique the truth,I am very much behind in the present this kind of circumstance can only walk in the university entrance exam content to add sports this road.In addition,We know that,The purpose of sports is not only enhanced physique,So light by the university entrance exam impossible to attain the purpose of all sports,College entrance examination examination sports is not degree examination/Curriculum evaluation test,Fundamental is physical status of the exam/Sports consciousness exam.

　　冯兆强：现在，学生如果到了高三，不仅老师，包括学生对体育锻炼都不重视。除了上体育课外，能够自觉锻炼的人并不多，毕竟功课多，锻炼时间与学习时间冲突，怕考不好，所以缺少锻炼。因此，很多老师说，学生身体不好，时有出现晕厥状况。所以，有校长说，高考其实也是考学生身体，身体不好考试也不会好。因此，如果高考内容中加入体育，确实对学生有一定促进。毕竟一考体育，学校、学生和家长就重视了，其实只要重视了，就算不考试，学生们也会积极参加体育锻炼，就是因为目前还不重视，所以才只好采取考试的做法，考，总比不考好。

FengZhaoJiang:now,If a student in high school,Not only is the teacher,Including the student to the physical exercise all don't pay attention to.In addition to the physical extracurricular,To conscientiously exercise person is not much,After all, more homework,Exercise time and learning time conflict,Afraid of poorly on the,So lack of exercise.therefore,Many teachers say,Students in poor health,Sometimes found in syncope.so,Have the principal said,The university entrance exam is actually take an examination of students' body,Poor health examination is not good.therefore,If the university entrance exam content to join in the sports,Indeed for students have certain promote.After all, a exam sports,The school/Students and parents will pay attention to the,In fact as long as the attention,Even if not test,Students will also take an active part in physical exercise,It is because it is not pay attention to,So we had to take the exam practice,exam,Than do not take an examination of well.

　　白志标：大家都知道，在这些年的国民体质监测中，青少年体质并不理想，尽管教育部硬性规定中小学生每天至少锻炼一小时，但真正能做到这一点的学校并不多。在2000年体质监测中，青少年的速度素质、耐力素质、柔韧性素质、爆发力素质、力量素质比1995年均全面下降。而2010年年初公布的一组最新的国民体质报告显示，较之2000年，我国青少年的体质再次下降。再如2000年，我国中学生身高、体重与东亚邻国的同龄学生比，除高中17岁女生略高之外，其余则低于对方。而到2005年，比较大、中、小学生的握力和50米跑成绩，我国学生均处于较低水平。

BaiZhiBiao:Everyone knows that,In recent years the national physique monitoring,The younster health is not ideal,Although the ministry of education compulsory primary and middle school students daily exercise at least an hour,But the real can do this school is not much.In 2000 the constitution monitoring,Teenagers speed quality/Endurance quality/Flexibility quality/Explosion quality/The strength quality - 1995 with an average annual overall decline.And in early 2010 published a set of the latest national constitution report shows,Compared with 2000,Our country young people's constitution to fall again.Be like again in 2000,Our country middle school students height/Weight and east Asian neighbours than their peers in students,In addition to high school 17 years old girl slightly high besides,The rest is lower than the other.By 2005,bigger/in/Elementary student's grip strength and 50 m running performance,Chinese students are at a low level.

　　此外，2010年日本青少年研究所对中、日、美三国初、高中学生课外体育活动的问卷调查显示，参加课外体育活动的初中生，中国为8%，日本为65.4%，美国为62.8%；高中生，中国为10.5%，日本为34.5%，美国为53.3%。值得一提的是，韩国甚至在幼儿园时就有意加强孩子们的体质，如冬天进行冷水浴，上身全裸跑步，父母更是有意每天让孩子们自己背着沉重的小书包。

In addition,In 2010, Japanese teenagers in the institute of/day/Beauty the early three kingdoms/High school students extracurricular sports activities of the questionnaire survey,To participate in extracurricular sports activities of junior middle school students,China is 8%,Japan is 65.4%,The United States is 62.8%;High school students,China is 10.5%,Japan is 34.5%,The United States is 53.3%.Be worth what carry is,South Korea even in kindergarten to strengthen children's constitution,As for the winter cold bath,Running naked upper body,Parents every day is to let the children themselves carrying a heavy small bag.

“体育高考”内容和标准 "Sports college entrance examination"Content and standard

广东还在研究具体措施 Guangdong is still in research specific measures

　　体育如成为高考的一部分，最好由第三者来考评，考评内容需要听取各方面意见。

Sports such as become part of the college entrance examination,Best to assessment by a third party,Appraisal content need to listen to the opinion.

　　毛振明：其实，借助高考重视“体育”，这个体育已经不是我们平常理解的体育课的内容，而是一种素质的考评，一种运动素质或身体素质的考试。我们现在要求的不是学生们要学会哪种技能，如篮球或排球，我们是要学生注意到他们的体质不能太差，太差了我们将会在高考环节中作一些评判，让他们受到一些影响，为此，请他们抽出一点时间参加体育锻炼。所以，别管是否应试教育，对于学生的体质增强都会有所促进，就是让学生们能去跑或跳，就是让孩子们能参与到体育锻炼中去，从而达到增强体质的目的。

MaoZhenMing:In fact,With the aid of the university entrance exam pay attention to"sports",The sports is not normally we understand the contents of physical education,But a quality evaluation,A movement quality or physical exam.We now require not the students to learn what kind of skills,Such as basketball or volleyball,We are students to pay attention to their physical cannot too poor,Terrible we will in the college entrance examination in the link some evaluation,Let them to have some influence,therefore,Ask them to take a little time to take part in physical exercise.so,Don't worry about whether the exam-oriented education,For students' physical enhancement will has the promotion,Is to make the students can go running or jumping,Is to let the children can participate in physical exercise,In order to enhance the purpose of the constitution.

　　冯兆强：现在中考已经加试了体育，但高考如何加入体育考评？其内容和方式还不明确，是算分还是门槛性考试？如果仅仅是“门槛”，体育可能还是不一定受到重视。如果算分，恐怕不能各校单独考试，因为如果一个文化课非常优秀的学生体育考试不合格的话，校长或其他代课老师可能会来“打招呼”。所以，假如体育成为高考的一部分，必须由第三者来考评，所以还是统考相对公平。当然，至于具体体育高考考什么内容合适，有什么标准？这需要听取各方面，包括学生、家长、学校等的意见。广东现在还没出来具体措施，各地也还在摸索。

FengZhaoJiang:Now tests have add try the sports,But how to join the university entrance exam sports appraisal?The content and the way is not clear,Is calculate points or threshold sex examination?If is only"threshold",Sports may or may not valued.If you count points,I'm afraid I can't test the schools alone,Because if a literacy class very good student sports examination unqualified words,The principal or other substitute teacher likely to come"Say "hello"".so,If sports have become part of the college entrance examination,Must by a third party to appraisal,So or unified examination relatively fair.Of course,As for the specific sports college entrance examination what content to take an examination of appropriate,What is the standard?This need to solicit views from all sides,Including student/parents/The opinions of the school and so on.Guangdong haven't out specific measures,All also in the dark.

　　白志标：根据今年广州中考体育考试内容，必考项目为1000米(男子)、800米(女子)；选考项目有跳跃项目的立定跳远、三级蛙跳、跳绳之一；投掷项目的实心球、铅球之一。高考体育是否也是如此内容呢？目前还是未知数。无论如何，考评内容和标准需要有关部门认真研讨，究竟是对体育的兴趣重要还是分数重要？我倒觉得，未来高考体育的内容依然可以采取必选和自选项目，尤其是自选项目可以是任何一个学生们喜欢并擅长的运动，哪怕是足球的颠球、篮球的投篮或运球等等，只要保证每天锻炼即可。

BaiZhiBiao:According to this year guangzhou mid-term exam sports examination content,Study project for 1000 meters(man)/800 meters(woman);Choose test project has jump project the standing long jump/Level 3 leapfrog/One rope skipping;Throwing project full sphere/One shot.The university entrance exam sports whether this is true? Content?At present still unknown.No matter how to,Appraisal content and standard need to relevant departments serious discussion,What is important to sports interest or score important?I think,The future of the university entrance exam sports content can still take will choose and voluntary project,Especially the optional items may be any one of the students like and good at sports,Even if it is football and gorgeous ball/Basketball shooting or dribbling, etc,As long as the guarantee can exercise every day.

体育入高考增压还是减压？ Sports into the university entrance exam booster or decompression?

需要谨防“应试教育”误区 Need to beware of"Exam-oriented education"error

　　经常体育锻炼让身体变得强健会让学习更有效率，更不会出现身体羸弱、晕厥现象。

Often exercise let the body become strong will make learning more efficient,More won't appear the body frail/Syncope phenomenon.

　　毛振明：体育入高考不会增加任何学业的压力，不会让学生们记更多的知识，做更多的作业，要说有压力并不在学业，而是在参加锻炼的压力，这两种压力是互相抵消的。我们经常会说，8-1大于8，所以我们增加的压力与以往的学习压力、记忆的压力、做题的压力是完全不一样的，相反这是减压，积极的休息、锻炼会促进学生的体质，并更有效率地学习。

MaoZhenMing:Sports into the university entrance exam does not increase any academic pressure,Don't let the students to remember more knowledge,Do more homework,Say have pressure not in school,But in the exercise of pressure,These two kinds of stress is the offset each other.We often say,8-1 more than 8,So we increased pressure and previous study pressure/Memory pressure/Do the topic the pressure is completely different,On the contrary, it is reduced pressure,Active rest/Exercise can promote students' physique,And to learn more effectively.

　　我们看一下中考体育，95%的学生都能拿到必选三项共30分总分中的27分，绝大部分学生的差距就在那3分里面，所以考体育不是难为学生，只要锻炼了就能拿到高分，但没有锻炼就想拿到高分或满分那肯定是不可能的，我觉得高考体育一定要让我们的学生经过自己的体育锻炼拿到80%甚至90%以上的高分，甚至是满分，国家教育部门定标准一定会这么定的。

We look at the mid-term exam sports,95% of the students can get will choose three common 30 points in total 27 points,Most of the students in the gap between the three points inside,So take an examination of sports is not hard for students,As long as exercise can get high scores,But no exercise will want to get high scores or full marks that must be impossible,I think the university entrance exam sports must let our students after their physical exercise to get 80% or more than 90% of the high score,Even full marks,State education department to decide the standard will be so appointed.

　　冯兆强：国家下发了这个通知就明确了一个大方向，如果教育部出台详细的体育高考规定，各地肯定是要执行的。其实目的很简单，就是要求学生能出来活动，所以我觉得也不会增加学生的压力，毕竟参加体育活动也是一种放松，让学生更好地劳逸结合，也许有人担心参与体育锻炼会减少学习时间，但经常体育锻炼让身体变得强健反而会让学习更有效率，更不会出现身体羸弱、晕厥现象，这些才真正会影响学生的前途。

FengZhaoJiang:Countries issued the notice was made clear a way,If the ministry of education has issued detailed sports college entrance examination regulations,All must be to be executed.In fact aim is simple,Is the request students can out activities,So I think it will not increase students' pressure,After all to participate in physical activities is also a kind of relaxation,Let students better psychotic,Perhaps some people worry that take part in physical exercise can reduce the learning time,But often exercise let the body become strong it will make learning more efficient,More won't appear the body frail/Syncope phenomenon,These truly will affect the student's future.

　　白志标：体育纳入高考，谨防“应试教育”误区。一旦把体育纳入高考成绩考核，假如增强学生体育素质的初衷转变为增加升学的成绩筹码，学生的压力就有可能会加大。我查了一下全国各地中考加入体育考评的信息，很多地方从2004年以后就逐渐开始了中考体育加试，但学生们的体育锻炼意识和习惯还有待提高，因此正如冯会长所言，重要的是各方尤其是学校、家长认识到体育对于学生身体的重要性，体育锻炼才不会成为负担和压力。

BaiZhiBiao:Sports into the university entrance exam,Beware of"Exam-oriented education"error.Once the physical education into the university entrance exam achievement assessment,If strengthen students' physical quality change of the original intention to increase studies achievement chip,Students' pressure can be increased.I checked the examination of all over the country to join the sports evaluation information,Many places from 2004 years later gradually started mid-term exam sports add try,But the students physical exercise consciousness and habit needs to be improved,Therefore as von President said,It is important to the parties especially school/Parents know to sports for students the importance of body,Physical exercise does not become a burden and pressure.

　　本专题策划 记者 邬恺山 撰文 记者 白志标

This project planning WuKaiShan reporter reporter BaiZhiBiao articles