郑赫南

ZhengHeNa

　　12月6日是星期四，全国中小学正常上课。可是，家住上海市浦东新区、今年15岁的女孩只能在家自学。

On December 6 is Thursday,The national primary and secondary schools the normal classes.but,Live in Shanghai pudong new area/This year 15 years old girl can study at home.

　　进入12月，各地2013年普通高等学校招生网上报名工作陆续开始。按照教育部等四部委《关于做好进城务工人员随迁子女接受义务教育后在当地参加升学考试工作的意见》，全国31个省(区、市)年底前出台具体政策的倒计时已然开启。占海特更是期待方案的出台能够改变自己的命运。

In December,Over 2013 years of ordinary higher school recruit students online registration work start in succession.According to the ministry of education and other four ministries and commissions[The preparation for migrant workers SuiQian children receive compulsory education in local after in the entrance exam work opinion],The national 31 provinces(area/city)Before the end of the countdown on specific policy already open.Of hyatt is looking forward to plan come on stage to change their own destiny.

沪女孩拒回原籍中考被斥“蝗虫” Shanghai girl refused to back home tests was spent"locusts"

　　占海特的名字，取自“珠海特区”，那里是她的出生地，也被她视为“第一故乡”。上海被小海特视为“第二故乡”。

Of the sea's name,from"Zhuhai district",Where is her birthplace,Was also her as"The first home".Shanghai is the small special as"Second home".

　　“求学时，户籍的影响无处不在。”占海特的户籍随父母落在江西九江。上幼儿园时，她要为此缴纳赞助费，小学时会交借读费。第一次明显的户籍尴尬，是在她升初中时。很多好一点的公立初中都不招收非户籍生，占海特只能接受统筹或就近分配。最后，占海特通过考试考入浦东一所民办“名牌”初中上海新竹园中学(3000人报名，录取200多人)，学费每年1.2万元。

"At school,The influence of census register everywhere."Of the sea's census register with the parents fall in jiangxi jiujiang.Kindergarten on,She must have to pay the contribution,Primary school tuition will pay.The first obvious census register embarrassed,Is she rose junior high school.A lot of better public junior high school are not recruit the census register to be born,Of hyatt can only accept as a whole or nearby distribution.finally,Through the test of hyatt admitted to pudong only"brand"Shanghai new junior high school, high school(3000 people signed up,Admission of more than 200 people),Tuition fees 12000 yuan a year.

　　“海特不仅成绩好，而且各方面都很活跃，但班主任老师无意中的一句‘你没有上海户口，可能要回老家中考’，让她开始沉默。”海特的父亲占全喜回忆说。后来，他安慰女儿:“不用担心，到时政策会变的;政策不变的话，就写信给政府。”转眼就到了初三，占海特的成绩有了上升，但同学们纷纷收到中考报名的表格、文件等，占海特却一份也没有收到。

"Hite not only do well in,And all aspects are very active,But the teacher in charge teacher unintentionally a‘You don't have Shanghai hukou,May be back tests’,Let she began to silence."Hite father of all xi recalled.later,He comforted daughter:"Don't worry,The policy will be;Policy plateaued,He wrote to the government."A went to grade,Of the sea's performance on the up,But the students have received tests registration form/Files, etc,Of the sea, but a also not received.

　　占海特班上非沪籍的同学，大多通过获取户口、蓝印户口(2002年以前上海市买房送户口)、引进人才子女、港澳台居民身份、外国护照等获得中考、高考的资格。“也不是没有办法，比如假离婚，而后找个上海人假结婚，就可以让孩子获得户籍;或者通过假收养取得上海户籍;甚至移民非洲取外国护照。费用都在数万不等，这样孩子可以取得上海中高考资格。但是我绝不会这样做，因为这违背了做人的准则、击破了道德底线。”占全喜说。

In the class of the sea, the Shanghai nationality students,Mostly through the acquisition of registered permanent residence/Blue print account(2002 years ago to buy a house in Shanghai to account)/Introduce talents children/Hong Kong, Macao residents identity/Foreign passport for tests/College entrance examination qualification."Also have no way,Such as false divorce,And then find a shanghainese false get married,Can let the children get census register;Or through the false adoption made Shanghai household;Even the African immigrants take foreign passport.Charges will be in the tens of thousands of inequality,So that the child can get ZhongGaoKao Shanghai qualification.But I would never do this,Because it violates the rule of person/Break the moral bottom line."Accounted for all xi said.

　　占海特和家人开始高调争取中考机会。2012年初，占全喜带占海特多次去上海市政府信访办、教委，十几次跑下来，教委依然回复:“去读中职校(中等职业技术学校)吧，不愿意就回老家吧。”然而，老家无人能照顾占海特，她的外婆照看着舅舅们的4个留守孩子，祖母身体不好，祖父已去世。“十几年来，除了参加集体活动，我没有一天离开过父母亲。”占海特不愿离开父母，也不愿去上中职校。

Of hyatt and family began to high-profile opportunity for tests.At the beginning of 2012,For all the joy of the sea with big trip to the Shanghai government letter is visited do/Education commission,More than a dozen times run down,Education commission still reply:"To read vocational schools in(Secondary vocational and technical schools)it,Don't want to let it back."however,No one can take care of hometown of hyatt,Her grandmother looked after the uncle four left-behind children,Grandmother in poor health,My grandfather has been dead for."Ten years,In addition to participate in collective activity,I don't have a day away from parents."Of the sea's parents don't want to leave,I didn't want to high vocational school.

　　5月，占海特离开学校在家自学;6月，绝望中的占海特开始上网发微博呼吁教育公平，争取随迁子女在学籍所在地参加中高考的权利。她的遭遇，得到诸多同情、关注。特别是8月底，国务院办公厅要求31个省、市、区年底前因地制宜出台异地高考具体政策，解决符合条件的随迁子女在流入地高考的问题之后，占海特的博客、微博人气更高。

may,Hite away from school for study at home;June,The despair of hyatt began to surf the Internet FaWei Po calls for education fair,SuiQian for children in the school to participate in ZhongGaoKao rights.What happened to her,Get many sympathy/attention.Especially the end of August,The general office of the state council for 31 provinces/city/Area before the end of the year on the college entrance examination to different specific policy,To solve SuiQian meet the conditions of the children in the college entrance examination after defined the problem,Of the sea's blog/Micro bo higher popularity.

　　然而，她也遭遇了一些户籍人士的攻击。一些上海网友贴出认为她是“异闹”，“不爱自己的家乡，纯属无赖”、“实质就是想占北京上海的便宜”等帖子。占海特不服气，在微博上向沪籍人士发出约辩邀请。

however,She also had some household people's attack.Some Shanghai netizen posted think she is"Different surface","Doesn't love his own country,Is rascal"/"Essence is to account for Beijing and Shanghai are cheap"Posts, etc.Of hyatt defy spirit,In micro bo to Shanghai nationals a debate about invitation.

　　10月25日的约辩，占海特至今记忆犹新。“支持我的家长有30多人，反对我的戴着口罩、墨镜，拿着大型摄像机的也有近30人。他们一直在骂人，高呼‘蝗虫滚出去’、‘保卫家乡、保卫上海’，还一边做出奥特曼双手交叉的手势。”

On October 25, contend about,Of hyatt favorite memories."Support my parents more than 30 people,Against me wearing a mask/sunglasses,With a large camera also have nearly 30 people.They have been call names,chanted‘Locusts roll out’/‘Defend home/Defend Shanghai’,While still a ultraman hands cross gestures."

新政会否引发新不公 The New Deal will not trigger new injustice

　　户籍人士对非户籍人士参与高考诉求的反对，并非上海独有。

Household register to the household registration people who participate in college entrance examination appeals against,Not Shanghai unique.

　　今年10月，北京市也有部分京籍家长找到了北京市教委表达反对之意。家长们担心，放松对非户籍人口高考的限制后，无助于实现教育公平，反而会引发更多高考移民，对本地生源不公平;会对社保资源造成冲击，导致一线城市房价更高、道路更堵，令居民幸福指数下降。

In October this year,Beijing also has the part by parents found the Beijing municipal education commission against the meaning expression.Parents worry about,To ease the population census register the restrictions of the college entrance examination,Not to realize education fair,It will cause more college entrance examination immigrant,For local students is not fair;On the impact of social resources,Lead to a line city higher prices/Road more plugging,Make people happy index decline.

　　“其实资源本来不都是本地人的，外地人也在创造资源。外地人到上海北京建房子、卖菜、做清洁……也在为这些城市作贡献。不能因为户籍上的差别就区别对待，说外地人在抢占资源。”占海特说。

"In fact resources was is not the locals,Foreigners are also create resources.Stranger to Shanghai Beijing building a house/Sell food/Do clean...Also in the city for make contribution.Not because of the difference of census register is a difference between,Said foreigner in take resources."Of sea, says.

　　据了解，我国第六次人口普查结果显示，2.2亿人已离开户籍地工作和生活。据统计，2010年，进城务工人员随迁子女在流入地小学和初中就学的人数达到997.1万。

It is understood,Our country sixth census results,220 million people have registered from work and life.According to the statistics,In 2010,,Migrant workers SuiQian defined the children in elementary school and junior high school school more than 9.971 million.

　　能否允许这部分孩子就地参加中考高考?人们的目光，都集中到了高考这个指挥棒上，随着年底教育部原则上要求各地出台异地高考期限的临近，各地的“异地高考”方案备受关注，持续升温。

This part can allow children to participate in college entrance examination tests in situ?The people of vision,On the college entrance examination on the baton,With the end of the year the ministry of education on the college entrance examination in principle requires all different period is near,Around the"Different college entrance examination"Scheme concern,Continues to heat up.

　　据媒体报道，进入12月，各地2013年普通高等学校招生网上报名工作陆续开始。31个省(区、市)年底前出台具体政策的倒计时已然开启。

According to media reports,In December,Over 2013 years of ordinary higher school recruit students online registration work start in succession.31 provinces(area/city)Before the end of the countdown on specific policy already open.

　　据记者不完全统计，目前我国已有黑龙江、安徽、山东、江西4省明确异地高考标准;北京等24个省市也已经正在审批或执行中，其中，上海、广东、江苏等18个省、直辖市、自治区将于年底前公布。4个标准明确的省份中，黑龙江要求有高中学籍且高中连续就读3年以上，父母有合法职业居所(含租赁);山东要求有高中学籍、完整就读三年;安徽的唯一要求是“高中阶段完整学籍”;江西条件最宽松，即要求随迁子女在该省高中阶段具有一年以上学习经历并取得学籍。

According to the reporter incomplete statistics,At present our country for heilongjiang/anhui/shandong/Jiangxi province clear 4 different college entrance examination standards;Beijing 24 provinces and cities have also is under examination and approval or execution,the,Shanghai/guangdong/Jiangsu, and provinces/Municipality directly under the/Autonomous regions will be announced before the end of the year.Four standard clear of the provinces,Heilongjiang require a high school student and high school in continuous 3 years,Parents have a legal professional residence(Including leasing);Shandong require a high school student/In full 3 years;The only requirement is in anhui province"High school students complete";Jiangxi condition the most comfortable,That is to say SuiQian children in the province high school has a years learning experience and obtain student status.

　　“这4个省份之所以出台政策早些，主要是因为其是‘高考移民’输出地区，而非重点流入地区。”中央民族大学法学院教授熊文钊告诉记者，各地之所以观望犹豫，主要是在考量会否对本地生源的既得利益造成损害。

"These four provinces are earlier policy,Mainly because it is‘College entrance examination immigrant’Output area,Rather than focus on into the area."The central university for nationalities law school professor XiongWenZhao told reporters,All are watching hesitate,Mainly in consideration for local students will not damage the vested interests.

　　最“难产”的，是“北上广”。近日，北京教育考试院表示，报名参加北京2013年高考的考生须具有本市正式户口;广东明确表示，2013年高考报考者必须具有广东省常住户口。上海市政府法制办公布的《关于上海市居住证管理办法(草案)》(以下简称“草案”)中把居住证分成A证、C证、T证和临时证，A证需要达到一定积分，同学历职称挂钩，要参加社保。只有A证持有者的随迁子女才可以就地参加中高考。

The most"dystocia"of,is"North wide".recently,Beijing education examination yuan said,Sign up for the Beijing 2013 college entrance examination candidates must have the city officially registered permanent residence;Guangdong made it clear that,In 2013 the university entrance exam the candidate must have permanent residence in guangdong province.The Shanghai government released affairs[About Shanghai residence permit management measures(draft)](Hereinafter referred to as"draft")The residence permit into A card/C card/T card and the temporary card,A card need to achieve A certain score,With the degree title hook,To participate in social security.Only A card holders SuiQian children can participate in ZhongGaoKao in situ.

　　“如此挂钩，95%以上的上海随迁子女中高考的权利如何保障?作为随迁子女，我们在城市中普遍处于弱势地位，我们不指望得到政府照顾，只希望得到平等的升学机会!”12月2日深夜，在草案征集意见截止前，占海特赶写了提交给上海市法制办的一封意见书，落款是“少年公民占海特”。

"So hook,More than 95% of the Shanghai SuiQian children how to guarantee the ZhongGaoKao right?As SuiQian children,We in the city is at a disadvantage,We don't expect to get the government to take care of,Only hope to get equal opportunity to study!"Late at night on December 2,,In the draft opinion deadline,Out of the sea, wrote submitted to the Shanghai a legislative advice,Badging is"Young citizens of hyatt".

　　在意见书中，占海特表示，根据联合国《儿童权利公约》，“缔约国应确保不违背儿童父母的意愿使儿童与父母分离”，中高考的户籍限制让太多孩子被迫与父母骨肉分离，返乡参加中高考，必须立即废除。

In the opinion of,Of hyatt said,According to the United Nations[Convention on the rights of children],"Contracting party shall ensure that children don't go against the wishes of the parents to children and parents separation",ZhongGaoKao household limit let too many children were forced to parents and blood separation,In the ZhongGaoKao,Must immediately abolish.

　　“草案规定得太苛刻，明显让孩子们‘拼爹’。而孩子也会对父母产生不信任、怨恨情绪。”占全喜表示，以学籍为参加异地高考标准是最合理的。这也是占海特的期待。

"The draft stipulates too harsh,Obvious let the children‘Spell dad’.And the children of parents will produce distrust/Resentment emotional."Accounted for all xi said,Students in the college entrance examination for the different standard is the most reasonable.This is also accounts for the sea, looking forward to.

高招配额特权是症结 Silver bullet quota privilege is the sticking point

　　人们对新政施行后“高考移民”的担忧也并非杞人忧天。熊文钊在接受采访时表示:“不管异地高考方案怎样，只要有高考‘洼地’，就会有人前赴后继去北上广移民。”

People after the enforcement of the New Deal"College entrance examination immigrant"Concerns are not borrow trouble.XiongWenZhao said in an interview:"No matter how different the university entrance exam scheme,As long as there is the university entrance exam‘depression’,Someone will go to another north wide immigration."

　　“我说的高考洼地，主要是指北上广等一线城市在考试资源和招生配额方面独占优势，特别是北大、清华的录取名额分配方面。”熊文钊说。

"I said the university entrance exam depression,Is mainly refers to north wide waiting for a line city in the test resources and enrollment quotas on monopoly advantage,Especially in north/Tsinghua university admission number distribution."XiongWenZhao said.

　　这种观点，有数据为证:2010年山东省共有高考考生57万人，北大、清华在该省招生计划分别为54人和75人，山东考生考取北大的几率低于万分之一，考取清华的几率为0.013%;而北京当年的高考生总数为76007人，北京考生考取北大的几率为0.32%，是山东考生的近40倍;考取清华的比例则为0.29%，是山东考生的22倍多。

This view,Data for card: in 2010, there are 570000 people in shandong province college entrance examination candidates,north/Tsinghua university in the province to recruit students to plan for 54 and 75 respectively,Shandong candidates admitted to Peking University chance to less than one over ten thousand,Admitted to tsinghua chance is 0.013%;And the Beijing the high candidates for a total of 76007 people,Beijing students admitted to Peking University chance is 0.32%,Is the shandong nearly forty times;Admitted to tsinghua's 0.29%,Shandong candidates is 22 times more.

　　根据长期关注教育公平的武汉大学教授洪可柱测算的数据，20多年来，清华、北大在湖北每校每年招生人数不足百人，在北京每校每年招生不低于500人;湖北考生上清华、北大的平均分数，比北京市高160分，最高时达220分。

Based on the long-term focus on education fair wuhan university professor HongKeZhu measurement data,For more than twenty years,tsinghua/Peking University in hubei every school recruit students number less than one hundred people a year,Every year in Beijing school recruit students not less than 500 people;Hubei province on the tsinghua/The average score of Peking University,High 160 points than Beijing,The highest 220 points.

　　“高校招生‘实行分省考试十配额制’是不公平的，是计划经济体制的产物。”熊文钊分析说，部属高校位于地方，在土地、资源等方面都需要地方财政支持，所以难免要向地方倾斜。考虑到“就近入学”的因素，当地学生比例略高一点是正常的，但明显过高便不合理。

"College recruit students‘The points test province ten quota system’Is not fair,Is the product of planned economy system."XiongWenZhao analysis said,Subordinate college is located in the place,In the land/Resources need local financial support,So it is inevitable that the tilt to the place.Considering the"Came near to the entrance"factors,Local students was a little proportion is normal,But significantly higher will not reasonable.

　　在熊文钊看来，北京、上海等地考生享有的高校招生配额方面的特权，是“异地高考”方案难产、“高考移民”无法杜绝的症结所在。配额制度还导致了新的倾向:在1977年至1987年，北京大学中的农村生源占30%;眼下，这个比例已经不到10%，明显下降。

In XiongWenZhao seems,Beijing/Shanghai students enjoy the privilege of college enrollment quotas,is"Different college entrance examination"Scheme dystocia/"College entrance examination immigrant"Unable to put an end to the problem.Quota system has also led to new tendency: in 1977 to 1987,Beijing university of rural students accounted for 30%;the,This proportion has less than 10%,Declined obviously.

　　熊文钊认为，教育部要求各地拿出异地高考方案是不现实的。最好的办法是，由教育部制定统一试卷、统一考试、按分数高低统一录取的高考制度，“可以借鉴研究生入学考试的模式，录取结果只与笔试、面试成绩等有关，大家觉得在哪里考都一样，更用不着为此移民。”

XiongWenZhao think,The ministry of education requires all take out different college entrance examination scheme is not realistic.The best thing to do is,Formulate a unified by the ministry of education test paper/Unified exam/According to the score height unified college entrance examination admission system,"Can use the mode of postgraduate entrance exam,Admission results only with written test/Interview result and so on,You think where is the same test,More need for immigration."

　　他建议，统一考试、统一分数线录取后，各地教育部门可以出台配套政策，要求高校对少数民族、本地有特长等考生予以适度倾斜，这一点，也可以通过面试来实现。

He suggested that,Unified exam/Unified score after admission,Education department can all on supporting policies,The requirements of minority/A local specialty, etc shall be the proper leaning,this,Can also through the interview to achieve.

　　熊文钊表示，教育机会、社保条件是目前捆绑在户籍制度上的两项内容，如果全国统一高考制度能出现，便二者去其一，距离户籍制度恢复人口信息功能也为期不远了，“希望高层高度重视这一问题，推出全国统一的高考制度，北上广问题便迎刃而解。”

XiongWenZhao said,Education opportunities/Social security conditions in the household registration system is the binding of two content,If the unified national college entrance examination system can appear,Then two to one,Distance the household registration system restore population information function also will not be far off,"Hope top attaches great importance to this problem,Launch the national unified college entrance examination system,North wide problem will be readily solved."

　　采访的最后，占海特的爸爸向记者描述了理想的教育制度:“无论户籍、非户籍，还是同户籍之间，所有的孩子都能无差别地享受均等的基础教育资源和公平的升学机会，这样孩子才会开心、幸福。”

Interview last,The father of the sea, to the reporter describes the ideal education system:"Regardless of census register/Non census register,With census register or between,All the children can indistinguishably enjoy equal basic education resources and fair opportunity to study,So that the child will just be happy/happiness."

　　（原标题：异地高考：“北上广”应如何破冰）

(Original title:Different college entrance examination:"North wide"Should be how to break the ice)