怎样才能建造一所快乐学校，让孩子们快乐地成长？自1986年起，北京第一师范学校附属小学就开始进行快乐教育实践，始终立足课改前沿，重点研究快乐教育的课堂、课程，研究如何把学校变成孩子们的乐园，把学习和成长变成快乐的事。

How to build a happy school,Let the children grow up happily?Since 1986,Beijing first normal school attached primary school started to carry on the happy education practice,Always based on class changes front,Key research happy education classroom/course,Study how the school into the children's park,The learning and growth become happy.

　　历经26年的快乐教育，在张忠萍校长的带领下，有哪些创新性？快乐教育又如何促进学校可持续发展？

After 26 years of happiness education,In ZhangZhongPing under the leadership of the headmaster,What innovative?Happy education and how to promote the sustainable development of the school?

　　近日，本报记者走进了北京一师附小，对张忠萍校长进行了面对面的专访。

recently,Our reporter walked into the Beijing primary school teacher,To ZhangZhongPing President had a face-to-face interview.

　　校长传记 The headmaster biography

　　张忠萍，1962年生，中学高级教师，现为北京第一师范学校附属小学校长；教育部小学校长培训中心及北京教育学院兼职教授，北京市兼职督学。出版有《快乐教育谱新篇》《快乐和弦》《满足儿童心理需求，促进快乐有效学习》等著作，主编了《小学快乐教育的学习方式研究》《快乐教育故事》等书；曾当选“十五大”代表，获得全国优秀教师、北京市先进工作者等称号。

ZhangZhongPing,Born in 1962,Middle school senior teacher,Now for the Beijing first normal school affiliated primary school principals;The ministry of education primary school principals training center and Beijing education college part-time professor,Beijing part-time school inspector.Publishing has[Happy education comes the spectrum][Happy chord][Meet the children's psychological needs,Happy to promote effective learning]And so on the work,Ed. The[Happy primary school education ways of learning research][Happy education story]Books such as;Was elected"15 big"representative,Get the national outstanding teacher/Beijing advanced workers and so on the title.

　　【教育新理念】 [Education new idea]

　　学校为师生快乐成长奠基 School for the teachers and students grow up happily based

　　能收集阳光的“大灯泡”、能发电的大风车、收集雨水的“隐身坑”……2011年，北京一师附小新校舍落成。走进焕然一新的校园，处处体现着可持续发展教育的理念。乐信楼、乐达楼、乐雅楼、乐行楼四栋楼的命名更是体现了学校办学的理念。

Can collect sunlight"Big bulb"/Can power of large wind turbines/Collect rainwater"Stealth pit"……In 2011,,Beijing teacher with small new building was completed.Into the new-look campus,Is reflected in the sustainable development education concept.Joy letter floor/Joy of floor/Music and floor/Rover LouSiDong floor of naming is reflected the concept of the school.

　　建造一所快乐学校，让孩子们快乐地成长，是许多教育工作者的理想。1986年，针对当时在小学教育中存在着“学生课业负担重、校园生活单调、师生关系紧张”的“三苦”现象，北京一师附小从愉快教学单项改革做起，继而扩展到全校的整体改革，并确立了快乐教育的鲜明主题。

To build a happy school,Let the children grow up happily,Many education workers is the ideal.In 1986,,Aiming at the primary school education in there"The student schoolwork burden/Campus life is monotonous/The tense relationship between teachers and students"of"Three bitter"phenomenon,Beijing teacher comes from a single start teaching reform,And then spread to the whole reform,And the establishment of the happy education the distinctive themes.

　　1999年，张忠萍走上学校校长岗位。自此她从素质教育的角度出发，组织教师对学校10多年的快乐教育实践进行梳理和总结，提出“快乐教育是以儿童快乐成长为本的教育”。

In 1999,,ZhangZhongPing on school principal position.Since then she from the perspective of quality education,Organization of more than ten years of school teachers happy education practice analysis and summary,Put forward"Education is a happy happy children grow into the education".

　　她说：“以儿童快乐成长为本，强调学校一切工作的出发点和归宿都是为了儿童快乐成长，这是快乐教育的灵魂，贯穿在快乐教育实践的每一个环节；成长是指每一个儿童主动、和谐的发展，遵循儿童身心发展规律，促进其成长是快乐教育的根本目标；快乐则是多种类、多层次的积极的情绪体验，是学生成长的情感动力。”

She said:"Take the children grow up happy for this,Emphasis on school work all the starting point and end-result of all is to children grow up happy,This is happy education soul,Throughout the happy education practice each link;Growth is to point to every child active/Harmonious development,Follow the children's physical and mental development law,Promote its growth is happy education basic goal;Happiness is many kinds/Multi-level positive emotional experience,The students' growth is the emotional power."

　　在总结前期快乐教育的基础上，北京一师附小对快乐教育实践进行了进一步的理性思考，提出了“一核心”、“一载体”、“六要素”的快乐教育实施体系。张忠萍介绍，“一核心”即“以儿童快乐成长为本”的快乐教育核心理念；“一载体”即“以课程综合化为载体”的快乐教育实施途径；“六要素”即“愉快合作的课堂教学”、“多彩自主的教育活动”、“友爱融洽的人际关系”、“优美文明的校园环境”、“统一协调的社区教育”、“激励进取的教育评价”。

At the conclusion of the education on the basis of the happy,Beijing primary division of happiness education practice for further rational thinking,Puts forward the"A core"/"A carrier"/"Six elements"Happy education implementation system.ZhangZhongPing introduced,"A core"namely"Take the children grow up happy for this"Happy education core idea;"A carrier"namely"With the comprehensive course to carrier"Happy education implementation ways;"Six elements"namely"Cooperation of classroom teaching"/"Colorful independent education activities"/"Love and harmonious interpersonal relationship"/"Beautiful campus environment of civilization"/"Unified and harmonious community education"/"Incentive enterprising education evaluation".

　　围绕着“以儿童快乐成长为本”这一核心理念，学校确立了“六乐行”的小学阶段培养目标，积极引导学生做“乐于读书，勤奋为乐；乐于服务，助人为乐；乐于锻炼，健体为乐；乐于交往，合作为乐；乐于参与，实践为乐；乐于开拓，创新为乐”的快乐儿童。让每一位学生快乐学习、快乐生活、快乐成长，让快乐教育为学生的快乐人生奠基。

around"Take the children grow up happy for this"The core concept,The school has established"Six rover"Primary school training target,Actively guide students to do"Are interested in reading,Diligence is joy;Willing to service,helpful;Willing to exercise,Body for a pleasure;people,Cooperation for a pleasure;Willing to participate in,Practice for a pleasure;Willing to develop,Innovation as the music"Happy children.Let every student the happiness of learning/Happy life/Happy growth,Let the joy education for students' happy life foundation.

　　在快乐德育实践中，学校从“乐信教、乐达教、乐雅教、乐行教”四个维度，引导学生在知情意行的变化中实现自我超越，快乐成长。

Happy in the moral education practice,The school from"Religious music/Joy to teach/Music YaJiao/Rover teach"Four dimensions,Lead the students to do know affective changes to realize self improvement,Happy growth.

　　张忠萍介绍，学校通过开设精典美德课程，引导学生诚实守信，说美德话、做美德事，培植善根，提升修养；通过评选班级和校级的“乐学”、“乐善”、“乐活”、“乐群”、“乐行”、“乐新”六个方面的“快乐儿童”与“快乐少年”，引导每一个学生生动而全面地成长；通过学习、诵读《三字经》、《弟子规》、《论语》、《诗经》等国学经典，培养高雅之趣；通过丰富的社团等活动，提高学生自主能力，尽享实践之乐。

ZhangZhongPing introduced,The school through the open classical virtues course,Guides the student to the honest code of honor,Said virtue words/Virtue things,Cultivate good root,Cultivation of ascension;Through the selection of the class and field"happy"/"leshan"/"lohas"/"Music group"/"rover"/"Happy new"six"Happy children"and"Happy young",Guide each student vivid and comprehensive growth;Through the study/read[Prblic places]/[Disciple gauge]/[Analects of Confucius]/[book]And classical Chinese,Cultivate elegant fun;Through the abundant club activities,Improve the students' ability,Enjoy the joy of practice.

　　走进北京一师附小，教师们的脸上洋溢着幸福的微笑。张忠萍认为，教师的幸福来源于教师的快乐自主发展。学校一方面引导教师实现自我管理——客观认识自己、科学设计自己、及时反思自己、有效调整自己、勇敢超越自己，另一方面积极倡导“健康生活，快乐工作”，“以乐教善教促进乐学会学”“在培养学生中发展自己”。为此，学校为教师搭建了一个创造工作成就和享受工作快乐的平台。

Teacher comes into Beijing,Teachers face with a happy smile.ZhangZhongPing think,Teachers' happiness comes from the joy of teachers' independent development.School hand lead teachers to realize self management - objective know themselves/Scientific design their/Timely reflect on their/Effectively adjust/Brave beyond their,On the other hand, actively advocate"Healthy life,Happy work","In music education teaching to promote the good music learn to learn""In the cultivation of the students to develop their own".therefore,School teachers to build a creative work achievement and enjoy a happy work platform.

　　“快乐教育追求学校的和谐发展，我们要把学校建成一个充满爱心、促进学习的大家庭；把学校变成乐学、会学，乐教、善教的大舞台；让学校拥有独具特色的教育体系；使学校成为促进师生人格高尚、追求卓越工程的奠基石。”张忠萍说。

"Happy education the pursuit of the harmonious development of the school,We want to the school should be a full of love/Promote learning family;The school become happy/Will learn,Music education/Good teaching stage;Let the school has unique education system;School teachers and students to promote noble personality/The pursuit of excellence engineering foundation stone."ZhangZhongPing said.

　　【教育新改革】 [Education new reform]

　　学生可跨年级自主“点课” Students can span grade independent"Point class"

　　基于小学生的年龄特点，学习中快乐的产生主要来自于他们对学习内容或学习过程本身的兴趣，由学习结果体验到的成功以及与老师和同伴间良好的人际关系。因此，小学阶段实施快乐教育要从培养学习兴趣入手，使学生感受到学习活动过程中的乐趣。

Based on the elementary student's age characteristics,Study happy produced mainly from their learning content or interest in the learning process itself,By learning the experience of success and the teacher and peer between good interpersonal relationship.so,Primary school education to implement happiness from the cultivation of interest in learning,To make the students feel the fun in the process of learning activities.

　　张忠萍说，快乐教育绝不仅仅是总让学生轻轻松松，而是让学生在愉悦的情绪中建立起学习的兴趣和自信，充分调动学生的积极性、创造性，变被动学习为主动学习，变苦学为乐学，使学生的主体地位得以充分体现。

ZhangZhongPing said,Happy education is not only the total to let the students with ease,But let the student in the joyful mood set up learning interest and confidence,Fully mobilize the enthusiasm of the students/creative,Change passive learning into active learning,Such change is happy,The student's main body status to fully embody.

　　北京一师附小的老师们早有共识：要关爱每一个学生，要宽容接纳学生的错误，在课堂上，鼓励学生要努力做到“五个一”——提出一个不懂问题、发表一个不同见解、参加一次讨论、做好一次实验、获得一次成功体验；教师要善于激发学生的学习潜能——营造对话的空间、创设操作的活动，让学生经历探索的过程、体验学习成功的快乐。这样的学习氛围引导着学生在动脑想、动口说、动手做之中做学习的小主人。

Beijing primary division of the teachers had a consensus:To take care of every student,Tolerance to accept students' errors,In the classroom,Encourage students to try to do it"five"- put forward a don't understand problem/Make a different opinions/To participate in a discussion/Do an experiment/Get a successful experience;The teacher wants to be good stimulating students' potential learning ability, create the space of the dialogue/Operating activities create,Let the students experience the process of exploration/Experience learning the joy of success.This study atmosphere leads students to the brain/Saying said/To make learning of small master.

　　在多年实践的基础上，学校提出并实施了创设兴趣盎然的快乐课堂、建构智慧共生的快乐课堂、注重积极体验的快乐课堂、建设具有生命力的快乐课堂。

On the basis of many years of practice,The school put forward and implemented to create interest happy classroom/Construction of wisdom symbiotic happy classroom/Pay attention to positive experience happiness class/Construction has the vitality of happy classroom.

　　北京一师附小追求“课堂”变“学堂”，积极尝试“四段式”自主学习模式，其流程为：任务生成（提出问题，明确目标）；组内活动（独立思考，交流讨论）；组际交流（分享智慧，思维碰撞）；反思梳理（提高认识，掌握规律）。在这样的学习模式中，学生充分地思起来、问起来、辩起来、动起来，体验了主动学习的快乐。

Beijing primary teacher pursuit"class"change"school",Actively trying to"The four stages"Autonomous learning mode,The process for:Task generation(Ask questions,Clear objectives);Group activities in(Independent thinking,discussion);Group international communication(Share wisdom,Thinking collision);Reflection carding(Improve the understanding,Master rules).In such a learning mode,Students fully think up/Ask up/Up to contend/move,To experience the joy of active learning.

　　为了促进学生快乐成长，北京一师附小提供了强大的课程资源。学校充分尊重学生的个性，在深入调查的基础上，找到学生兴趣和教师特长的契合点，重点从课程的丰富性和自主性入手研究与实践，让每一位学生都有机会选择自己感兴趣的课程。为了达到这个目的，学校教师在开发使学生感兴趣的课程内容、设计相应的教学策略和方式上下功夫，以引起和维持学生的学习兴趣与动力。

In order to promote the students to grow up happily,Beijing primary division provides a strong curriculum resources.School fully respect students' individual character,On the basis of further investigation,Find the student interest and teachers between specialty,Focus from course richness and autonomy of the research and practice,Let every student have the opportunity to select what he is interested in the course.In order to achieve this purpose,School teachers in the development of students interested in course content/Design the corresponding teaching strategies and ways fluctuation kongfu,In order to attract and maintain the learning interest of the students and power.

　　目前，北京一师附小共有德育类（美德课、美德故事、新闻播报等）、民族类（经典诵读、泥塑、茶艺、软陶、风筝等）、科学类（机器人、创意搭建、模型制作、天蓝蓝等）、体育类（武术、形体训练、跆拳道、游泳、篮球等）、生活类（厨艺、卫生自护等）、活动类（书画艺术节、音乐节、科技节等文化活动及小鬼当家服务社、金头脑研究社等社团活动）六大类50余门校本必修与选修课程。

At present,Beijing primary division there are moral education class(Virtue class/Virtue story/News broadcast, etc)/National class(Reading classic/Clay sculpture/Tea art/Soft ceramic/Kite, etc)/Science class(robot/Creative building/Model making/Day LanLan etc)/Sports class(Martial arts/Form training/Tae kwon do/swimming/Basketball, etc)/Life class(cooking/Health since the guard, etc)/HuoDongLei(Painting and calligraphy art festival/festival/Other cultural activities and 10th science day home alone service/Gold mind club and community activities)Six class more than fifty door school-based compulsory and optional course.

　　在自主选修的校本课程学习中，学生可以根据自己的爱好跨年级自主“点菜”，实行菜单式的个别化课程管理；在教学组织形式上，以年段为单位，采取的是全年级或跨年级的走班制教学，满足了学生的个性学习与发展需求。

In the independent elective school-based curriculum study,Students can according to own hobby span grade independent"order",A menu type individualized curriculum management;In the teaching organization form,In the year section for the unit,Taking the whole grade or cross grade go class teaching system,To meet the students' individual learning and development needs.

　　自今年9月起，北京一师附小在“天蓝蓝”、“茶艺”、“经典诵读”、“美德故事”、“新闻播报”等校本课程的实践中进行深入探讨，积累经验，使之成为校本课程的优势项目，更好地为学生快乐成长提供支撑。

Since September this year,Beijing teacher comes in"Day LanLan"/"Tea art"/"Reading classic"/"Virtue story"/"News broadcast"School-based curriculum and the practice are discussed,Accumulate experience,Make it become the advantage of school-based curriculum program,Better for students to grow up happily provide support.