近日，在湖南凤凰县腊尔山镇所德小学支教的梁老师连发微博，将“营养改善计划”在该小学实施过程中存在的问题予以曝光。有关营养午餐的话题也再度升温。

recently,Fenghuang county in hunan LaErShan towns that DE primary school education beam teacher even FaWei bo,will"Nutrition improvement plan"In the primary school in the process of implementation problems to exposure.The nutritional lunch topic is heating up again.

　　2011年10月26日，国务院常务会议决定，从2011年秋季学期起，启动实施“农村义务教育学生营养改善计划”(以下简称“营养改善计划”)。仅仅一年时间，被纳入全国试点的699个县2600万孩子全部吃上了营养餐；各地从上到下的工作机构配置完毕，围绕“营养改善计划”的8个规范性文件相继出台；大批新建或改造过的新式厨房在农村学校生根落地；由营养专家夜以继日赶编出来的《农村学生膳食营养指导手册》下发到西部最偏远的中小学校。

On October 26, 2011,The state council executive meeting of the decision,From 2011 years since the fall semester,Start implementation"Rural compulsory education students nutrition improvement plan"(Hereinafter referred to as"Nutrition improvement plan").Only a year,Be integrated into the national pilot 699 county 26 million children all eat the nutrient food;From top to bottom all the work finished configuration,around"Nutrition improvement plan"The eight normative documents releasing;A large number of new or modified new kitchen in rural schools take root fall to the ground;The nutrition experts day in and day out cast made up[The rural students' dietary nutrition instruction manual]Issued to the west's most remote primary and secondary schools.

　　但与此同时，一些问题也暴露出来。为什么政府付出巨大努力的“营养改善计划”受到非议呢？

But at the same time,Some problems are exposed.Why the government pay great effort"Nutrition improvement plan"Criticized??

　　

营养改善免费午餐 Nutrition improve the free lunch

　　把“农村学生营养严重不足”这一问题直接推到全国人民眼前，始于2011年两会之前中央电视台对广西都安瑶族自治县寄宿制学校的报道。镜头下的一个个画面震撼人心。

the"The countryside student nutrition seriously insufficient"This problem directly push to the national people's eyes,Started in 2011 before the two central television DouAn yao autonomous county of guangxi boarding school reports.The lens of a picture vocal.

　　一个个个子矮小、身体黑瘦、闪着大眼睛的男女学生，每天站在露天里端着硕大的饭碗吃饭。可是碗里除了白白的大米之外，见不到任何肉类制品和新鲜蔬菜。那些家庭条件稍好一些的学生，偶尔能有一把盐水煮过的黄豆。

A very small/Body thin woman siting/Flash the big eyes of men and women students,Standing in the open every day LiDuan the big bowl to eat.But in addition to white rice bowl outside,See any meat products and fresh vegetables.The family condition slightly better students,Occasionally to have a salt water boiled soybean.

　　但在此之前，有关机构早已开始了相关的工作。从2007年起，中国发展研究基金会秘书长卢迈等人便来到广西都安开展营养改善项目的试点。卢迈说，“如果孩子们连最基本的营养都得不到保障，还谈什么将来建设国家？”经过两年追踪，他们发现，享受一年营养餐的各年龄组学生在身高测试中比对照组学生多增长了0.5～1.3厘米。在其他如肺活量、短跑、仰卧起坐等体质、体能测试中，试点学校学生的提高更是明显好于对照学校。结论是：在孩子成长阶段提供必要的营养保障能有效地改善他们的身体发育情况，对其生活产生深远、持久的影响。

But before this,The relevant authorities had already started the related work.Since 2007,The China development research foundation LuMai secretary-general, came to guangxi DouAn nutrition improvement project to carry out the pilot.LuMai said,"If the children even the most basic nutrition are not security,Also talk about what the future construction of country?"After two years of follow-up,They found that,Enjoy a year of its students in every age group than the control group in height test students increased more than 0.5 ~ 1.3 cm.In other such as lung capacity/sprint/Sit-ups and physique/Physical test,The improvement of pilot school students is significantly better than control schools.The conclusion is:The child growth stage provide the necessary nutrition security can effectively improve their physical development situation,The profound life/Lasting impact.

　　当年11月，国家正式启动了“营养改善计划”中央财政出资160亿元在全国集中连片贫困地区的699个县进行先期试点，2600万名农村中小学生因此受益。

In November,Country officially launched"Nutrition improvement plan"The central government invested 16 billion RMB in the poor areas concentrated 699 county beforehand pilot,26 million rural primary and middle school students benefit.

　　“营养改善计划”的关键词是“营养”二字。按全国学生营养办公室负责人的解释是：中央财政按每人每天3元的标准提供营养膳食补助，是在原有基础上做“加法”，既不是政府全包，也不是免费午餐。然而很多媒体和公众未加区分便想当然地把“营养改善计划”与全面实施免费午餐画上了等号，以至于对这个问题的理解、认识乃至批评，容易进入某种误区。

"Nutrition improvement plan"Keywords is"nutrition"Two words.According to the national student nutrition office chief explanation is:The central government according to the standard of 3 yuan per person a day to provide nutrition meal allowance,Is in the original basis to do"addition",Neither the government inclusive,Is not a free lunch.However a lot of the media and the public has not added the distinction between the will take it for granted"Nutrition improvement plan"And the full implementation of the free lunch painting of the equal sign,That shed light on this question/Know and criticism,Easy access to some kind of misunderstanding.

　　而国际组织提供的多份调研报告指出，因各国各地具体情况不同，学校供餐计划以及资金发放的形式是多种多样的。既有学校供餐，也有企业送餐或家庭托餐；既有学校食堂提供正餐的做法，也有根据学生身体测试状况实施有针对性的营养改善行动，如通过供应奶制品补钙、发放营养包补充微量元素不足、提供驱虫剂强身健体等等；还包括让学生直接“把口粮拿回家”以惠及更多的贫困人群。

And international organizations provide a lot of research report,Because of the specific conditions of different countries around,School feeding programs and funds to issue form is varied.Both the school meals,Also have enterprise room or family meal ";Both the school canteen provides the practice of dinner,Also according to the student body test status implement targeted nutrition improvement action,Such as through supply calcium dairy products/Issue nutrition package added trace element deficiency/Provide bug repellent strengthen body and so on;Also includes students directly"The ration take it home"To benefit more poor people.

　　中国目前正处于一个急剧转型期，有大量的留守儿童。当父母不在身边时，有条件的学校为这些孩子解决一顿富有营养内容的正餐是绝对必要的。

China is currently in a rapid transition,There are a lot of left-behind children.When parents's absence,Conditional school for these children to solve a lesson rich nutrient content of the dinner is absolutely necessary.

　　

食品价格营养价值 The price of food nutrition value

　　国家按每生每天3元的标准提供营养补助，这钱究竟够不够？

The state born every day 3 yuan standards provide nutrition allowance,Whether the money is enough?

　　中国学生营养与健康促进会和中国疾控中心营养与食品安全研究所的专家在今年5月联合发布的《2012中国儿童少年营养与健康报告》中，曾就“3元钱能吃到什么”算过一笔细账：一个贫困农村学生通常吃的午饭是：米饭(3两生米)+土豆(2两)+食用油(5克)。显然，这种以纯粮食作为主食的午餐，只能吃饱，但营养很差。

Chinese students nutrition and health promotion association and China CDC nutrition and food safety institute of experts in May this year issued jointly by the state[2012 China children and teenagers' nutrition and health report]in,had"3 yuan money can eat??????"Calculate a detailed account:A poor rural students usually eat lunch is:rice(3 two raw m)+ potatoes(two)+ oil(5 g).obviously,This kind of pure food as a staple food lunch,Can only eat satisfied,But poor nutrition.

　　但如果有了3元的膳食补贴，那么一顿午饭就有可能在原来基础上组合出多样化的改善方案：或另加一个鸡蛋(1两)和一杯牛奶(200毫升)；或另加一份带肉(1两)的蔬菜(5两)的菜；还可以将3元钱全部用来买副食，在添加了蛋、奶以后，再加上一个水果等等。

But if there are 3 yuan meal allowance,So a lunch it is possible in the original combination based on the diversification of the improvement plan:Or add an egg(1 two)And a glass of milk(200 ml);Or add a belt meat(1 two)vegetables(5 two)food;Also can be used to buy all three yuan fushi,Add in the egg/Milk after,Plus a fruit, etc.

　　在经济发达地区，区区3元钱无足轻重，但在落后的农村或是西部边远地区，3元钱数额虽小，但作用并不小。

In the economic developed areas,Only 3 yuan count for little,But in the backward rural west or in remote areas,3 yuan amount is small,But the effect is not small.

　　这些年，经常为学生营养问题到西部、到农村调研的中国疾控中心营养与食品安全研究所学生营养室主任胡小琪认为，“食品的营养价值和食品的价格之间不能简单地画等号”。她用亲眼所见的两个小例子证明这一观点。

these,Often students nutrition to the west/To the research of the rural China CDC nutrition and food safety graduate students nutrition HuXiaoQi think leadership,"Food nutrition value and the price of food cannot simply draw between the equals sign".She saw two small example proved this view.

　　她在广西马山一所学校调研时碰到一个小男孩，妈妈每周给他10元零花钱。然而这些钱并没有用于加强营养，全被孩子换成了小零食。

She in guangxi masan a school research run into a little boy,Mother gave him ten yuan a week pocket money.However, the money is not used to strengthen nutrition,Are all the children into the small snacks.

　　某校学生加餐，买来的是乳酸菌饮料，而非新鲜牛奶。采购人员不知道，这两种外表、价格相似的食品，其营养价值根本不能相提并论。

School student adds,It is lactic acid bacteria beverage,Instead of fresh milk.Buyers do not know,These two kinds of appearance/The price of similar food,Its nutritional value can't equate.

　　“这些现象的存在，归根结底说明，我们的营养教育做得很不够，需要对农村学校的师生大力普及营养知识，加强营养指导。”胡小琪强调说，“关键是如何把国家下拨的这3元钱用得科学，用得合理，真正用在刀刃上。”

"The presence of these phenomena,In the final analysis shows,Our nutrition education do very not enough,Need to the countryside school teachers and students of vigorously popularize nutrition knowledge,Strengthen nutrition guidance."HuXiaoQi emphasized that,"The key is how to stir the state of the three yuan use science,Use reasonable,The real in the blade."

　　今年7月，中国疾控中心营养与食品安全研究所和全国农村义务教育学生营养改善计划领导小组办公室组织全国一流的卫生、营养专家赶编出来的《农村学生膳食营养指导手册》正式出版。手册用通俗易懂的语言阐述了农村学生膳食营养的基本原则，制定了学生营养食谱的主要要求，还秉持因地制宜、就地取材的原则，根据地区、季节、学龄阶段的特点编制了多种营养食谱。最近，他们又在编制《学生电子营养师》软件、编写《农村学校食堂工作人员手册营养与食品安全部分》。

July,The Chinese CDC nutrition and food safety institute and the national rural compulsory education students nutrition improvement plan leading group office organization the national first-class health/Nutrition experts cast made up[The rural students' dietary nutrition instruction manual]Formally published.Manual with straightaway language on the rural students the basic principles of dietary nutrition,Make the students' nutrition diet of the main requirements,Also grasps adjust measures to local conditions/The principle of local materials,According to the area/season/School age stage of the characteristics of the variety of nutrition diet.recently,They were compiled[Students electronic dieticians]software/write[The rural school dining room staff manual nutrition and food safety part].

　　

政府责任无限责任 The government responsibility unlimited liability

　　有人会问，3元营养补助的钱要让孩子全部吃到嘴里，可是学校食堂“有米无锅”的事怎么解决？水、电、煤的费用如何解决？食堂工作人员的工资待遇怎样解决？

Someone will ask,3 yuan nutrition allowance money to let the children all eat into his mouth,But the school dining room"Rice no pot"Things how to solve?water/electric/The cost of coal how to solve?The dining room staff salary how to solve?

　　全国学生营养办公室负责人在回答记者提问时说，“‘营养改善计划’不是一个单打独斗的计划，而是由一系列配套政策加以保障的。所有的这些问题，政府全都考虑到了。从2011年到2013年，国家将拨款300亿元，争取三年内每一所学校都建立一个食堂。水费、煤费和电费从学生公用经费中开支，而食堂工作人员的编制、工资，由地方财政统一解决”。

National student nutrition office in charge in answer to questions from journalists said,"‘Nutrition improvement plan’Is not a working plan,But by a series of supporting policies to security.All of these problems,The government are all considered.From 2011 to 2013,Countries will grant of $30 billion,For three years, each school is to establish a dining room.water/Coal and electricity fee from students in public funds spending,And the dining room staff in their preparation/wage,By the local financial unified solution".

　　据有关资料介绍，实施“营养改善计划”以来，除国家试点外，各地还启动了地方试点。截至今年10月底，全国共有13个省(区、市)461个县开展了地方试点，受益学生850多万。这些地方试点也都集中在边远、贫困、民族地区和革命老区。

According to the relevant information,implementation"Nutrition improvement plan"since,In addition to the national pilot,All over the place also start pilot.By the end of October this year,A total of 13 provinces across the country(area/city)461 counties in the local pilot,Students benefit from more than 850.These places are concentrated in the remote pilot/poverty/National regions and the old revolutionary base areas.

　　尽管胡小琪极力主张“即便是3元钱，也应该让孩子吃到营养”，但是她心里也有一本账：“这并不等于现有的这3元钱就是充足的。学生从家里带来主食，学校给配备副食，买了肉、买了蛋、买了蔬菜，但钙的补充还是不够的，无法保证孩子长身体的需要，如果家长再添加一元钱补一盒奶就更好了。”

Although HuXiaoQi urged"Even if is 3 yuan,Also should let the child to eat nutrition",But she has a heart of this account:"This is not equal to the existing 3 yuan is enough.Students bring from home staple food,Schools equipped with subsidiary food,Bought meat/Bought eggs/Bought vegetables,But calcium supplements or not enough,Can't make sure your child long body needs,If parents add a dollar money for a box of milk is better."

　　儿童的养育和发展，父母负有首要的责任。胡小琪认为这一点特别需要向社会宣传。“养育孩子的过程，实际也是父母履行职责的过程。不能说父母只要把孩子生下来，其他什么事儿都不用管了，监护人的责任一定要到位。我们不能只是单方面强调政府的责任，而丝毫不提家长的责任和义务。”

Children's raising and development,Parents have the primary responsibility.HuXiaoQi think this special need to social propaganda."The process of raising a child,The actual is also the process of parents perform their duties.Can't say parents as long as the child was born,What other thing all need not tube,The responsibility of the guardian must be in place.We can't just unilateral emphasize the responsibility of the government,And does not carry the responsibility of parents and obligations."

　　她建议，在目前营养改善经费有限的基础上，家长应该尽可能地多承担一点学生的主食和部分其他费用，以达到改善学生的营养状况，保证孩子健康成长的目的。

She suggested that,In the present nutrition improvement based on the limited budget,Parents should take a little students as much as possible the staple food and some other fees,In order to improve the students' nutritional status,Ensure the healthy growth of children purpose.

　　国际组织的经验证明，像改善学生营养这样的事情，不是任何个人、任何公益组织所能完全承担的，必须依靠政府。但是这并不等于要由中央政府承担无限责任，家庭、社会和政府如何形成合力，是一个亟待探索的重要课题。

International organizations that experience,As to improve the nutrition and such things,Not any individual/Any public welfare organization can fully assume,Must rely on the government.But this is not equal to the central government to the unlimited liability,family/The society and the government how to form a resultant force,Is an important subject to explore.

　　

项目启动项目成熟 Project start-up project mature

　　甘肃校车事故导致20个幼儿园孩子丧生，福建、江苏某地精神病患者冲进幼儿园滥杀无辜儿童，北京昌平80岁老太太为重孙上幼儿园带着躺椅排了八天七夜的队……这些突发性事件无疑瞬间放大了一些社会问题，政府也随之出台了一些补救性措施。这也凸显出我们对转型时期各种社会矛盾的准备不足。这种不足同样表现在营养午餐上。

Gansu school bus accident cause and a kindergarten children were killed,fujian/Jiangsu somewhere psychotic rushed into the kindergarten killing the innocent children,Beijing changping 80 - year - old old woman for his son things in kindergarten with chair stood in line for eight days and seven nights team……These sudden event undoubtedly instant amplification some social problems,The government has introduced some remedial measures.It also highlights the transition period of our various social contradictions poor preparation.This deficiency also displays in nutritional lunch.

　　目前，农村流动人口增加、留守儿童增多、寄宿制学校开办等导致的学生营养问题突出，而在短时间内紧急启动的“营养改善计划”，也因起步过急还缺乏充分的准备。

At present,The rural floating population increase/Left-behind children increase/Boarding school in that students nutrition problems,And in a short time the emergency start"Nutrition improvement plan",Also because start taking still lack of sufficient preparation.

　　这种准备不足的情况表现在方方面面。

This ill-prepared profile for all aspects now.

　　学校食堂建设的步伐来不及同步跟上。尽管有关部门一再强调3年内保证每一所学校都会建成一所食堂。但实际情况是，不少学生因没有食堂而无法吃到正餐，只能选择加餐或其他形式。

The school dining room to keep up with the pace of construction of synchronization.Although the relevant departments within three years repeatedly stressed that ensures that each school will be built a dining room.But the actual situation is,Quite a few students because do not have a dining room to eat dinner,Can only choose meat or other forms.

　　项目的资金安排还是单一的、低水准的。学生“吃”到嘴里的午餐之外的开支，如物流成本、跟踪监测成本等基本都是空白。

Project financial arrangements or single/Low level of.students"eat"In the mouth to lunch outside of the spending,Such as logistics cost/Tracking monitoring cost basic it is blank.

　　与“营养改善计划”相匹配的营养师人才严重不足。目前我国平均每30万人仅有1名营养专门人才，技术支撑的力量有限。

and"Nutrition improvement plan"Matching nutritionists serious shortage of talents.At present our country average every 300000 people only one nutrition professionals,Technical support strength is limited.

　　由国家支付膳食补助的2600万学生，已经形成了稳定可靠的消费群体。国际经验表明，组织当地农户参与食品供应基地的建设，对带动地方经济，降低供餐成本，保证食品安全，都能带来实际效益。然而，很多地方还没有意识到，“营养改善计划”与食品基地配套建设的关系；实行农校挂钩、大宗采购、降低成本，从而双赢的好处。

By the state to pay meal allowance of 2600 students,Has formed a stable and reliable consumer groups.International experience shows that,Organization of local farmers to participate in the construction of the food supply base,To promote the local economy,To reduce the cost for meal,Ensuring food safety,Can bring real benefits.however,Many places are not aware of,"Nutrition improvement plan"And food base supporting the construction of the relationship;Implement aggie hook/Bulk buying/Reduce cost,And the benefits of a win-win situation.

　　家长参与、公众参与的社会监督机制还没有建立起来，以至于食品安全事件、学生餐费被截留、被贪污的情况时有发生。

Parents to participate in/Public participation in the social supervision mechanism has not established,That food safety events/Students trapped meals/Be corrupt, often occur.

　　“营养改善计划”是一个重大的民生工程，它与中国未来的发展密切相关。这个项目启动了，不等于完全成熟了，项目还处在不断完善中。

"Nutrition improvement plan"Is a significant livelihood of the people project,It and the future of China is closely related to the development.The project started,Is not fully mature,The project is still in improving.

　　11月20日，中国加入联合国《儿童权利公约》20周年纪念活动在北京举行。20年来，中国政府保护儿童权利的意识不断加强，社会进步的足迹清晰可见。

November twenty days,China's accession to the United Nations[Convention on the rights of children]Twenty anniversary activities held in Beijing.Twenty years,The Chinese government to protect children's rights consciousness constantly strengthen,Social progress footprint clearly visible.

　　去年7月30日，国务院颁布了新十年期的《中国儿童发展纲要》(2011～2020年)(以下简称“《纲要》”)。与前一个十年《纲要》(2001～2010年)相比，《纲要》里的总目标在“儿童与健康、教育、社会环境、法律保护”的基础上，新增了一项内容儿童与福利。

Last July 30,,The state council has issued a new decade of[The program for the development of Chinese children](2011 ~ 2020)(Hereinafter referred to as"[outline]").And the previous ten years[outline](2001 ~ 2010)Compared with,[outline]The overall goal of the in"Children and health/education/Social environment/Legal protection"Based on,Add a content children and welfare.

　　《纲要》在儿童与福利一章的主要目标中明确提出：扩大儿童福利范围，推动儿童福利由补缺性向适度普惠型转变。并在策略与措施中做了具体的表述：完善城乡居民最低生活保障制度，通过分类施保提高贫困家庭儿童生活水平。探索对儿童实施营养干预和补助的方法，改善儿童营养状况。逐步提高农村义务教育寄宿制学校家庭经济困难学生生活补助标准，扩大补助范围。

[outline]In children and welfare chapter put forward the main objectives:Expand the scope of child welfare,Promote child welfare by the sex to moderate pratt &whitney type transformation.And in the strategies and measures to the specific statement:Improve the system of subsistence allowances for urban and rural residents,Through the classification ShiBao improve poor families children live level.To explore the implementation of the children's nutrition intervention and the method of subsidies,Improve children's nutritional status.Gradually improve the rural compulsory education residential school family economic difficulties students living subsidies standards,Expand allowance range.

　　12月4日晚，2012年CCTV法治人物、著名青少年维权律师佟丽华呼吁，有关儿童福利的制度应该尽快完善。一是从儿童福利制度的角度立法；二是从国家到地方，应该尽快成立专门的儿童福利机构。“坦率地说，这个问题非常迫切。社会发展到今天这个层面，还是采取‘头痛医头，脚痛医脚’的办法不行了。”

On December 4, late,2012 CCTV law character/Famous youth rights lawyer TongLiHua called for,The child welfare system should be perfected as soon as possible.A child welfare system from the point of view of the legislation;The second is from country to place,Should be established as soon as possible special child welfare agencies."To be frank,This problem is very urgent.Social development today to this level,Or take‘Instant gratification,JiaoTongYiJiao’Way that won't be possible."

　　对农村贫困地区儿童营养问题的关注，包括像实行免费午餐这样的一些公共政策，符合未来儿童福利政策的方向。相信在不久的将来，全面实施的“营养改善计划”将成为见证中国进步最有说服力的注脚。

In poor rural areas to children's nutrition issues,Including a free lunch such as some of the public policy,Meet the future child welfare policy direction.Believe in the near future,Of the overall implementation of the"Nutrition improvement plan"Will be bear witness to China's progress at the most persuasive.