制图：蔡华伟、张芳曼 drawing:CaiHuaWei/ZhangFangMan

　　假如孔子活到今天，恐怕会感叹，自己的声名竟比2000多年前更盛。纵览全球，以“孔子”命名的学院或课堂，遍布108个国家和地区，65.5万的注册学员人数，更令春秋时期的“孔门弟子三千”相形见绌。

If Confucius lived today,I'm afraid I will sigh,His reputation was more than 2000 years ago shing.Survey global,to"Confucius"Named college or class,In 108 countries and regions,655000 registered students,Make the spring and autumn period"Opening the door three thousand disciples"shame.

　　不过，历经快速扩张之后，规模趋大的孔子学院也不免遭遇“成长的烦恼”：如何融入当地社会与文化、如何破解专职教席之缺、如何实现可持续发展……12月16日—18日，全球孔子学院“掌门人”齐聚第七届孔子学院大会，把脉疾患，探寻发展。

but,After after rapid expansion,The scale of the Confucius institute also unavoidable encounter"Growing pains":How to blend in the local society and culture/How to crack the lack of professional teaching mat/How to realize the sustainable development……On December 16, - days,The Confucius institute of global"pushed"In the seventh Confucius institute conference,Pulse disease,Explore development.

　　编者

editor

　　

版图扩张之猛 The fierce its expansion

　　

“孔子”学院或课堂，平均不到3天开一家 "Confucius"College or class,On average less than 3 days open a

　　自2004年11月全球第一所海外孔子学院在韩国正式挂牌，8年来，在108个国家和地区，400所孔子学院和500多个孔子课堂相继成立。有人做过统计，平均不到3天就有以“孔子”命名的学院或课堂开始教授汉语。

Since November 2004, the world's first overseas Confucius institute in South Korea formally,Eight years,In 108 countries and regions,400 Confucius institute and more than 500 Confucius classroom established.Somebody has done a statistics,On average less than three days there"Confucius"Named college or class began to teach Chinese.

　　对比其他国家，如此扩张速度令人惊讶。西班牙的塞万提斯学院创办于1991年，目前拥有70多所分院，平均每年只办3所；德国的歌德学院始建于1951年，目前共有149所，平均每年开办不到3所。

Compared with other countries,So expansion speed surprising.Spain's Cervantes institute was founded in 1991,Now has more than 70 branch,An annual average of only do 3;German Goethe institute was founded in 1951,At present there are 149,Average annual open less than 3.

　　不过，亮眼的成绩单却难掩一些担忧。“评价孔子学院办得如何，不能只看报告上的数字罗列。”有专家表示，如何实现可持续发展，是全球孔子学院管理者面临的课题。

but,Bright eye mask but difficult to report some worry."Evaluation of Confucius institute to do how,Not only look at the number listed."Experts say,How to realize the sustainable development,Is the Confucius institute of project managers face.

　　“我们做过网上调查，当地人对在中国经商的兴趣非常高，但对中国的基础设施、机制体制都很陌生。”在土耳其中东技术大学孔子学院院长Nazli Wasti看来，孔子学院不能只教授中国的语言和文化，“希望发挥信息窗口、沟通平台的作用”。

"We've done online surveys,The local people in China business interest is very high,But to China's infrastructure/Mechanisms are very strange."Middle East technical university in Turkey Confucius institute director Nazli Wasti looks,Confucius institute can not only the Chinese language and culture,"Hope to play information window/The role of communication platform".

　　而这，成为许多孔子学院的新“必修课”。在欧洲，已有65所孔子学院走过了5年，告别初创阶段后的第一个门槛，就是打破汉语、太极拳等传统教学的局限。“创新合作办学模式、关注高层次的交流合作、推进本土化建设，都是提高孔子学院办学质量的途径”，有业内人士表示。

And this,As many of the Confucius institute of new"Compulsory course".In Europe,More than 65 Confucius institute walked for five years,Say goodbye to initial stage after the first threshold,Is break Chinese/Tai chi chuan and the limitations of traditional teaching."Innovation cooperation mode of running/Pay attention to high level of communication and cooperation/Promote the construction of localization,All is to improve the quality of the Confucius institute of the way",The personage inside course of study says.

　　而“孔子新汉学计划”也在探索新的路径。据介绍，作为孔子学院力度最大的资助项目，这一计划包括中外合作培养博士项目、青年领袖项目、“理解中国”访问学者项目、来华攻读博士学位项目、国际会议项目和出版资助项目。

and"Confucius new sinology plan"Also in exploring new path.According to introducing,As the biggest strength of the Confucius institute of funded projects,This plan including sino-foreign cooperative Dr Training project/Youth leadership project/"Understand China"Visiting scholar project/The Ph.D. Degree in project/International conference and publishing project funded projects.

　　“目前孔子学院给人的印象接近于文化中心，而非学术机构。”瑞士日内瓦大学孔子学院院长Basile Zimmermann认为，新汉学计划可以为孔子学院的可持续发展储备大量优质人才。

"At present the Confucius institute gives the impression of close to the cultural center,Rather than academic institutions."University of Geneva Confucius institute director Basile Zimmermann think,New sinology plan can be for the sustainable development of the Confucius institute reserve a large number of high-quality talent.

　　“中国速度并不等同于重扩张、疏管理，强调内涵式发展、提升质量才是孔子学院未来的发展方向。”许多孔子学院院长达成如此共识。

"China's speed is not the same as heavy expansion/Drain management,Emphasize connotative development/Improve quality is the future direction of the Confucius institute."Many of the Confucius institute to such consensus.

　　

海外融入之难 Overseas into difficult

　　

曾遭当地误解，如何深入大学和社区成课题 Have been the local misunderstanding,How to further university and community into subject

　　在孔子学院的海外推广中，也并非一帆风顺，一些孔子学院代表坦言曾遭受过误解与阻碍。在某些东南亚国家，孔子学院被看作是一种宗教，遭到排外势力的抵制。而个别西方国家还将孔子学院视为政治的附庸，进而把单纯的学术问题复杂化，限制孔子学院在当地的发展。

In Confucius institute of overseas promotion,It is not plain sailing,Some of the Confucius institute representative said has suffered misunderstandings and obstacles.In some southeast Asian countries,Confucius institute is regarded as a kind of religion,Exclusive forces by boycott.And individual western countries will also Confucius institute as a political vassal,And then the pure academic complicating the problem,The Confucius institute of restrictions on local development.

　　“最近我们举办了中国主题论坛，德方院长在客观介绍中国的时候，就遭到当地部分媒体的误解。”德国杜伊斯堡—埃森鲁尔都市孔子学院中方院长袁晓红认为，孔子学院要融入当地社会，还有很长的路要走。

"Recently we held the Chinese theme BBS,The German objective introduce China,It was part of the local media misunderstandings."Germany duisburg - Essen ruhr urban Confucius institute of the Chinese YuanXiaoGong think,Confucius institute to blend into local society,There is still a long way to go.

　　她的感触，也折射出一些孔子学院在海外的困境花费人财物力建成学院，却被排斥在当地主流文化之外。融入难，成为很多孔子学院的发展掣肘。正如与会代表所言，“如何融入当地的大学、融入中小学教学、融入社区和日常生活，这是孔子学院必须破解的难题”。

Her feelings,Also reflects some of the Confucius institute in the plight of overseas cost tightening force in college,But excluded from the local mainstream culture outside.Into difficult,Be a lot of Confucius institute development constraints.As delegates said,"How to blend in the local university/In primary and junior high school teaching/Into the community and daily life,This is Confucius institute must crack problem".

　　进入当地学历教育体系，被视为孔子学院“融入”的突破口。成立仅两年的美国肯塔基大学孔子学院，就在州内伍德福德郡的6所中小学开设了汉语课程和汉语项目，并与教育管理部门携手，为中小学汉语教师和汉语课程的设计提供咨询服务，汉语作为第二外语和选修课也已正式进入当地学历教育体系。据了解，目前，已有40多个国家将汉语作为外语纳入其国民教育体系。

Into the local degree education system,Be regarded as Confucius institute"into"The breach of the.Founded just two years of the university of Kentucky Confucius institute,In the state in wood ford county 6 middle schools and primary schools started the Chinese language course and Chinese projects,And with education management departments hand in hand,For primary and secondary school teachers of Chinese and Chinese course is designed to provide advisory services,Chinese as a second language and elective course has also entered the local degree education system.It is understood,At present,Forty countries for Chinese as a foreign language into its national education system.

　　而在本届大会上，几项新的“融入之举”也备受关注。“这些措施包括孔子新汉学计划、核心教师计划、建立专职教师队伍等。”在与会人士看来，融入是孔子学院在当地扎根的必迈门槛。

And in the conference,Several new"Into an"Also concern."These measures include Confucius new sinology plan/Core teachers plan/Establish full-time teachers, etc."The participants who looks,In the Confucius institute is in local roots will exceed the threshold.

　　

专职教席之缺 The lack of professional teaching mat

　　

师资靠短期派遣和志愿者，轮换制影响教学 Teachers by short-term dispatch and volunteers,The rotation system of teaching effect

　　孔子学院一直采用轮换制的任教方式，师资力量主要靠短期的派遣教师和志愿者支撑。专职教席的匮乏，越来越成为孔子学院在海外发展的瓶颈。

Confucius institute has been using rotation teaching mode,Teachers depend mainly on short-term send teachers and volunteers support.The lack of professional teaching mat,More and more become a Confucius institute in the overseas development bottleneck.

　　“过去，我们派老师的时候，给大学发个通知，请学校派某个外语语种的老师去。如果没有会这个语种的老师，就派会英语的去。”国家汉办负责人颇为无奈。

"In the past,We sent the teacher's time,Send a notice to the university,Please send a foreign language school language teacher.If not the language teacher,Pettitte is English to."The hanban quite helpless.

　　这样“抓壮丁”的结果，既难以保障师资质量，也因频繁轮换而影响教学。

this"Press gang"results,It is difficult to guarantee the quality of teachers,Also because of the frequent rotation and effect on teaching.

　　“至少在英国，就严重缺乏有经验的教师力量。”英国伦敦大学亚非学院院长威伯利很是头疼。而乌克兰哈尔科夫国立大学孔子学院，则因教师任期短、流动频繁等因素，与许多优秀的对外汉语教师失之交臂。与之形成鲜明对比的是歌德学院。“歌德学院之所以成功，就是重视建立职业化队伍。现有专职人员3000人，与之类似的机构英国文化委员会有7000多人，法语联盟更是达到了2万名专职人员。”歌德学院中国总院前院长阿克曼说。

"In Britain at least,Is a serious lack of experienced teacher strength."The university of London, dean of the college of Wilbur and Africa is a headache.And Ukraine kharkov national university Confucius institute,The teacher tenure for short/Factors such as flow frequently,With many good foreign language teacher missed.In sharp contrast Goethe institute."Goethe institute is successful,Is pay attention to establish professional team.The existing full-time staff of 3000 people,Like institutions British council has more than 7000 people,Alliance francaise is reached 20000 full-time staff."Goethe institute China institute of ackerman said before.

　　如何解燃眉之急，各方都在想办法。随着刚刚发布的《国家汉语教师标准》，对外汉语专职教席首批计划300人，目前已选拔76人。“专职教席的席位与人员都将是固定的，将竭力保证核心教师在教学工作中的长期性和稳定性，不但保证课时，更将保证课程的延续性和教学质量的进一步提高。”国家汉办师资处负责人说。

How to solve burning issue,All parties in trying to.As released[Teachers of Chinese national standard],Foreign language teaching the first full-time table plan 300 people,At present already selection 76 people."Full-time teaching bench seats and personnel will be fixed,Will try to ensure that the core teachers in the teaching work in long-term and stability,Not only ensure class,More will ensure the continuity of the course and the quality of teaching to further improve."Hanban teachers in place.

　　而针对孔子学院在部分国外大学的“边缘化”问题，国家汉办主任、孔子学院总部总干事许琳希望能够有相对稳定的本土教师参与教学。据悉，各地孔子学院的汉语教师培训基地和师资本土化建设也已逐步展开，如美国爱荷华大学孔子学院已在推动汉语师范专业进入当地高校。“平均每所孔子学院可以设立一个外方核心教师岗位。”许琳说。

And according to the Confucius institute in some foreign university"marginalization"problems,Hanban director/Confucius institute headquarters director-general XuLin hope to be able to have a relatively stable local teachers' participation in teaching.It is reported,The Confucius institute of all the Chinese teachers' training base and teachers localization construction also has gradually spread,Such as the university of Iowa Confucius institute has set up a file in the promote Chinese teachers' professional into the local university."Average each Confucius institute may establish a foreign teacher post core."XuLin said.