核心提示：留守儿童的问题，关系到中国的前途——中国的城市化虽然发展迅猛，可多数人仍生活在农村，多数孩子的身上仍贴着农村的标签，很难寄望“草样年华”中留守的一代，是有梦的一代。

summary:The problem of left-behind children,In relation to the future of China, China's urbanization, though developing rapidly,But most people still live in the countryside,Most of children in rural areas is still on the label,Difficult to hope"Sketches time"Staying in a generation,A dream is a generation of.

　　20多年前，本报记者解海龙拍摄的那张《我要上学》的照片，触动了无数人的心灵。照片中小女孩那双充满求知渴望的大眼睛，成了反映那个时代“失学儿童”的沉重符号，后来成为“希望工程”的象征。

Twenty years ago,Our reporter filming XieHaiLong that piece of[I want to go to school]photos,Touched the hearts of countless people.Small and medium-sized girl pictures that is full of knowledge for big eyes,Reflect the time was"children"Heavy symbol,Later became"Project hope"Symbol of.

　　20多年后的今天，当年的大眼睛已经成为都市女白领，失学也几乎成为历史。可当我们走过乡村的教室，依然会看到无数双这样的“大眼睛”。时过境迁，人们能读懂他们与20年前完全不同的忧伤——对亲情的渴望，对孤独的恐惧，因为缺乏父母的关怀而产生的对“被留守”的失落感和焦虑感。忧伤的大眼睛中，充满困惑与茫然。

After twenty years of today,The big eyes has become urban female white-collar workers,Drop out of school and almost become history.But when we walk through the country of the classroom,Still can see numerous pairs of such"Big eyes".As time passes by,People can read them with twenty years ago completely different sadness - to love desire,For the fear of loneliness,Because of the lack of parental care and to produce"Was staying"The loss and anxiety.The sad eyes,Full of confusion and loss.

　　在与留守儿童相关的新闻中，有太多让人无法承受的伤痛：2011年全国发生数十起重大校车事故，其中大多数发生在外出打工人群密集的县乡，而受害者多为留守儿童；安徽太湖一名12岁的少年在祠堂边自缢身亡，留下遗书称想念外出打工的父母，自缢前曾深情地吻别陪伴自己的爷爷。这些碎片化的悲剧，只是中国5800万留守儿童的一个侧面。

With the left-behind children related news,There are too many let a person can't bear the pain:In 2011 the school bus accident happened dozens of serious,Most of them occurred in in a dense crowd of county and township government,And more victims for left-behind children;Taihu lake in anhui province a 12-year-old boy died in ancestral temple edge,Leave dying testament says miss out working parents,Before he hanged himself in deep kiss goodbye with grandpa.These fragmentized tragedy,China's 58 million left-behind children is one of the side.

　　在湖南省凤凰县山江镇稼贤村小学，一名小学生课堂上认真听课。这间教室里的大多数孩子，因为父母在外地打工，改由祖父母“隔代带养”。教室里甚至有个女孩带着未入学的妹妹来上学。稼贤小学的96名学生中约有80%属于此类儿童。据官方统计，凤凰县义务教育阶段学生中，留守学生超过了一半。一位当地教师说：“他们必须学着自己长大。”

Fenghuang county in hunan province ShanJiang town village primary school, the grain,A primary school students listen to the teacher carefully in class.The majority of children in the classroom,Because their parents work in the field,Now grandparents"Every generation with a".The classroom or even a girl with not entrance sister come to school.The primary grain of 96 students about 80% belong to such children.According to official statistics,Compulsory education phase out of the students,Staying students more than half.A local teacher said:"They must learn to oneself grow up."

　　留守一代，不应成为被甩脱的一代。 Left-behind generation,Should not be left to take off the generation.

　　父母为孩子外出打工，可孩子却因他们外出而成为问题

Parents work for children to go out,Can the child but because they go out and become a problem

　　中国的问题，最牵动人心的总在这个国家最柔弱、最贫瘠的地方——农村；而农村中最柔弱、最牵挂人心的地方，当下无疑集中在留守儿童这个群体。因为孩子是我们最脆弱的神经，因为农村的所有问题，最终都会折射到孩子身上：因为贫困而失学；因为不平等，他们身上被打上了一个可能影响他们一生的标签：留守儿童。

China's problem,The most affect the total in the country's most tender/The most barren places - rural;The most tender and rural areas/Most concerned about the place,No doubt the focus on left-behind children this group.Because the child is our most vulnerable nerve,Because the countryside all the questions,Eventually refraction to children:Drop out of school because of poverty;Because of the inequality,Them is marked by a may affect their whole life's label:Left-behind children.

　　人们可以容忍贫穷，但无法容忍失去脱贫的希望，让贫穷在代际间传递——乡村那些可敬的父辈，本想通过自己在城市的打工奋斗，尽可能给自己的后代创造一个好的学习成长环境，让他们可以不必重复自己这代人的命运。可当他们在城市劳累一年回家后却心碎地发现：他们打工所获得的，远远无法弥补他们的离开给留守在家的孩子带来的伤害。他们的痛心在于：他们为了解决孩子的问题而外出打工，可孩子却因为他们的外出而成为问题。

People can tolerate poverty,But can't stand to lose the hope of poverty,Let the poverty in rural intergenerational transmission between - those honorable elder,Wanted to work in the city through their struggle,As far as possible to give their offspring to create a good learning growth environment,Let them you don't have to repeat this generation of people's fate.But when they in the city after a hard year go home but heart to find:They get work,Far cannot make up for their leave to stay at home to the injury of the children.Their heartache is:In order to solve the problem of their children and work out,Can the child but because they go out and become a problem.

　　这不是一两个农村家庭的问题，而是中国农村在这个改革时代的体制性缩影。留守儿童的问题，远比舆论看到和想象的更加严重，因为留守孩子的心灵创伤我们是看不到的。可仅仅看得见的那种伤害，就足以让人触目惊心。去年中秋节，有媒体曾寻访过广西一个叫温江的小村，这个人数不到3000人的村子，青壮年都出去打工了，而在出去打工的青壮年里却有100多人因抢劫而被抓。你能听到村里人这样介绍：这是阿显家，这是阿山家，他们都在服刑，一个死缓，另一个被判15年。

This is not a problem of rural households,But China's rural reform in the era of institutional epitome.The problem of left-behind children,Public opinion and imagination than to see more serious,Because the left-behind children's heart trauma we can't see it.Can only see the sort of damage,It can make people deceived.Last year the Mid-Autumn festival,Media have searched for a guangxi a call WenJiang village,The fewer than 3000 people village,Virtually all work out,And I went out to work but substantially more than 100 people were arrested for robbery and.Can you hear that everyone is introduced:This is the house in o,This is AShan home,They are in jail,A death sentence with a reprieve,Another was sentenced to 15 years.

　　他们这一代年轻人，可以说是中国第一代留守儿童，因留守而缺少关爱、缺少教育。可怕的这又是一个恶性循环，被留守的他们带着问题出去了，留下了“没有二十岁”的乡村，他们留下的孩子又重复着他们的故事。循环的不仅是贫穷，更有沉重得让人喘不过气来的一些孩子沉沦的命运。

They this generation of young people,Can be said to be China's first generation of left-behind children,Because of the lack of care and staying/Lack of education.Terrible this is a vicious cycle,They were staying with a problem out,left"No twenty years old"country,They leave children and repeat the story of them.The cycle is not only the poor,More heavy to the breathless some children the fate of destruction.

　　客观地说，留守，还是比较中性的说法。很多时候，“被留守”实际就是“被甩脱”。不是父母甩下了他们，而是这个时代轰隆隆的列车正在无情地甩下农村，农村为了追赶上发展的步伐，又无奈地在甩下了他们的孩子。农村孩子“被留守”的个人命运，其实正是农村被甩脱的时代命运。

Objectively said,left-behind,Or that is neutral.Most of the time,"Was staying"Actual is"Be left off".Not parents put them,But this time what a blast train are ruthlessly put rural,Rural in order to catch up the pace of development,And helplessly in the rejection of their children.Rural children"Was staying"Personal destiny,In fact it is rural be left off the fate of the era.

　　20多年的民工潮，集体忽略了留守儿童 Twenty years of migrant workers,Collective ignore the left-behind children

　　20多年前，当民工潮在中国兴起的时候，面对大规模迁徙涌进城市的打工一族，无论是专家，还是作家、记者、诗人，都曾用抒情的笔调歌颂着这场高歌猛进的社会革命，都把农民到城市打工看作是农村摆脱固有命运、城市解决劳动力问题的一个机会。于是就有了电视剧《外来妹》的浪漫叙事，有了打工文学的奋斗抒情。然而很少有人会想到留守儿童的问题，甚至连打工者自己都不曾想到，问题会如此严重。

Twenty years ago,When the migrant workers in China has arisen,In the face of large scale migration pour into the city wage earners,Whether experts,Or writer/reporter/The poet,All used lyric style to sing the rapid development of the social revolution,All the farmers into urban areas as rural get rid of natural fate/City to solve the problem of Labour a chance.So there will be a TV series[WaiLaiMei]Romantic narrative,A work of literature struggle lyric.But very few people will think of left-behind children problem,Even never thought of migrant workers themselves,Problem could be so serious.

　　这种疏忽不是偶然的，而是在“以城市为中心”的制度架构和发展思维下的必然结果。在这样的架构中，城市是中心，农村是城市的边缘和附庸，农民进城打工是为了城市的建设，他们是城市建设的工具，他们是到城市寻找赚钱机会——在这种“城市中心论”下，城市人自然只会自私地想到农民进城给城市带来的问题，而没有将乡村当作一个平等的主体，更忽略了背井离乡给乡村造成的真空。所以，“留守儿童”是在没有任何防范的情况下，出现问题后，被人们突然发现的。

This kind of negligence is no accident,But in"With the city in the center"The system structure and the inevitable result of the development of thinking.In this architecture,City is the center,Rural to urban edge and vassal,Farmers are migrant workers to the construction of the city,They are urban construction tools,They are to cities to find opportunities to make money - in this"City""under,City person nature will only selfishly think of farmers to the cities to bring problems,Without the country as an equal,It ignores the flee to the country by vacuum.so,"Left-behind children"Without any protection of cases,Problems after,Suddenly discovered by people.

　　其实从农民进城打工那一天起，留守儿童就已经成为问题。可包括农民工自己在内的每个人都沉浸于“打工赚钱”、“既挣了票子，又换了脑子”的功利想象中，都停留于“进城打工每年可往家里寄多少钱”的经济算术中，将目光聚焦于城市，集体忽略了乡村自身的问题。今天蓦然回首，人们突然发现一个空心化的农村，一个沉重的留守现象。

But from the farmers to work that day,Left-behind children will have a problem.Can include migrant workers themselves, everyone be immersed in"Earn money"/"Already earned a ticket,And in the brain"The utility of the imagination,All stay in"Migrant workers can send home every year how many money"Economy in arithmetic,Will focus in cities,Rural collective ignore its own problems.Today, suddenly look back,People suddenly found a KongXinHua rural,A heavy left-behind phenomenon.

　　这也是以“城市为中心”的发展必然造成的结果。农民背井离乡是农村严重落后、农业严重落后无法生存的被迫选择，出外打工是唯一出路——民工潮现象实际上是我们的农村改革陷入停滞的反映。农民只能抛弃农村而向城市寻求发展的机会，农村被甩脱，留守也就成了一个必然的后果。正因为必然，更让人感觉无比沉重。

This is to"City as the center"The result of the development of the inevitable.From rural farmers is serious lag behind/Agricultural serious backward to survive was forced to choose,Work out is the only way of migrant workers, the phenomenon is actually our rural reform in stagnant reflect.Farmers can only be abandoned the country to the city to seek development opportunities,Rural be left off,Left-behind become a inevitable consequences.Because of inevitable,More let a person feel very heavy.

　　家庭，本是一个不可分割的整体，完满的生活需要完整的家庭。可急速的城市化进程，二元结构下看得见的城乡不平等，掠夺着乡村的资源，将乡村的一切城市可利用的资源都无情地卷入城市：青壮劳力到城市打工，年轻人读大学跳出农门，农村成为城市的劳动力基地——自然就有了农村的空心化。一个严重的结果就是，农村本来完整的家庭，被城市的这种资源吮吸得支离破碎，夫妻分离，父子分离，亲情疏离。留守儿童问题，就是这种农村碎片化的残酷表现。

family,This is an integral whole,Good life need a complete family.Can rapid urbanization,Under the dual structure in urban and rural areas visible inequality,Rob the countryside resources,Will the country city all available resources are relentlessly involved in city:QingZhuang labor to urban areas,The young man read university NongMen jump out,Rural become city labor base -- natural had rural KongXinHua.A serious result,Rural was a complete family,Be the kind of resources city suck torn,Couples separation,Separation of father and son,Family alienation.Left-behind children problem,It is this rural fragmentized brutal performance.

　　继续“以城市中心”，留守问题必无解 Continue to"In the city center",Left-behind problem will be no solution

　　农民工集体外出，造成了一个巨大的留守儿童群体，并成为一个严重的社会问题。可以感觉到，一些农民工已经意识到这个问题。近年来越来越严重的民工荒，某种程度上就是这种意识的体现。为什么连高工资、高福利都吸引不了农民工呢？记者走访河南、安徽发现，留守儿童问题是许多农民工不愿再外出的主因。孩子长期亲情缺失，已引起在外务工的农民工的严重关切。

Migrant workers group out,Caused a huge left-behind children group,And become a serious social problem.Can feel,Some farmers have been aware of the problem.In recent years more and more serious shortage,To a certain extent is the embodiment of consciousness.Why even high salary/Gao fuli didn't attract the migrant workers are??Reporters visited henan/Anhui found,Left-behind children problem is that many migrant workers don't want to go out of the main reason.Children familiy for a long time,Work out of migrant workers has caused serious concern.

　　提到发达地区的民工荒，专家分析原因，总会把“工资过低”、“工作环境太差”放到最重要的位置，甚至作为民工荒惟一的原因。于是，开出的药方无非是“提高工资和改善条件吸引农民工”等等。

Developed regions mentioned shortage,Expert analysis reason,Would put the"About low wages"/"Bad working environment"In the most important position,Even as the only reason for shortage.so,Open the prescription only"Better pay and better conditions to attract migrant workers"etc.

　　这样的分析虽站在农民工的立场上，逻辑却是以城市为中心。这种分析隐含着两个逻辑：第一，农民天生就是为城市提供劳动力的，作为城市边缘的农村，会源源不断地为城市输送劳动力；第二，农民工是纯粹的经济人，他们只受高工资的驱使。

Such analysis is standing in the position of the migrant workers on,Logic but in city as the center.This kind of analysis implied the two logic:The first,Farmers are born for the city to provide labor force,As the edge of the city rural,Will continue to be the city transport labor;The second,Migrant workers are purely economic man,They only by the high salary drive.

　　农民工对留守儿童的严重关切，给那些习惯“以城市为中心”来看待民工荒问题的人提了个醒：不要总是站在城市人的立场来看待农民工，不要总以城市为中心，把农民工视作一个“为城市提供劳动力”的外来者，而要进入他们的生活世界，那样才能切身体验到他们的爱与痛。不要那么急于去“解决”民工荒，他们需要喘息，需要思考留守儿童的问题。留守儿童问题远比民工荒重要得多，很多东西是城市无法给予他们的。

Migrant workers to left-behind children of grave concern,To those who used to"With the city in the center"To regard the shortage problems put forward a wake up:Don't always stand in the position of the city to look at migrant workers,Don't always to city as the center,The migrant workers as a"For the city to provide labor"outsider,But in their life world,As to personal experience to their love and pain.Don't be so eager to go"solve"shortage,They need to gasp,To think about the problem of left-behind children.Left-behind children problem is far more important than the shortage,A lot of things is the city could not give their.

　　停留于“城市中心”的发展思维中，留守儿童的问题必然是无解的——因为无法回避这种两难：进城打工，必然会留下孩子；而为了孩子，就无法进城打工。留守，于是就成为城市化必然要付出的代价，改革必有的阵痛。只有超越“城市中心”，将农村置于与城市平等的发展位置，平等地尊重农民的权利，留守儿童问题才能得到制度性的缓解。

Stay in"City center"In the development of thinking,The problem of left-behind children must be no solution - because this dilemma is unable to avoid:Migrant workers,Will leave children;And for the children,Can't work in city.left-behind,Hence become urbanization must pay a price,Reform will be some pain.Only transcend"City center",In the rural and the urban development of equal position,Equal respect the rights of farmers,Left-behind children can be institutional relief.

　　无论何种问题，似乎一提到体制，就意味着“遥遥无期”，甚至“无法解决”。可留守儿童的问题，真的无法绕过“城市中心主义”的体制问题。当然，体制不是一个卸责的筐，我们不能再把问题推给一个抽象的体制之后就转过身去了，体制坚冰需要自上而下顶层设计的渐进融化，对留守儿童具体的关怀更要同步进行。输入地政府需要将农民工子女的教育问题提上日程，输出地政府需要穷尽自身的努力给留守的孩子更多的关怀。当然，如果农民工的收入有充分保障，也无须父母同时外出打工，留守的问题也将大为缓解。

No matter what problem,Seems to be mentioned system,Means that"Far life",even"Cannot solve".Can the problem of left-behind children,Really can't around"City centralism"System problems.Of course,System is not a shirking of the basket,We can't push the problem to an abstract system then turned to the,The ice system from top to bottom to top design gradual melting,Of left-behind children specific care more to synchronously.Input fields governments need to migrant children's education problem put on the agenda,Output the government needs to end one's own efforts to left-behind children more care.Of course,If the income of migrant workers with full guarantee,Parents also do not need to go out and work,The remaining issues will also be eased.

　　留守儿童的问题，关系到中国的前途——中国的城市化虽然发展迅猛，可多数人仍生活在农村，多数孩子的身上仍贴着农村的标签，很难寄望“草样年华”中留守的一代，是有梦的一代。少年强则中国强，少年智则中国智，而没有了梦想的5800万“被留守”的孩子，如何撑起一个强大的中国？专家言论并非耸人听闻：如果无视留守儿童，我们将迎来情感残缺、社会和家庭责任冷漠甚至充满反社会倾向的一代。

The problem of left-behind children,In relation to the future of China, China's urbanization, though developing rapidly,But most people still live in the countryside,Most of children in rural areas is still on the label,Difficult to hope"Sketches time"Staying in a generation,A dream is a generation of.Young strong is strong in China,Wisdom is the young Chinese wisdom,Without a dream of 58 million"Was staying"children,How to hold up a powerful China?Experts speech is not sensational:If you ignore the left-behind children,We will have emotional mutilation/Social and family responsibilities are indifferent or full of antisocial tendencies generation.

　　与此同时，留守儿童的问题，也考验着一个社会的良心。因为，他们虽然人数巨大，但他们力量微弱，他们无力改变自己的命运，只能寄望于别人的改变。很多人虽然意识到留守儿童问题的严重，却缺乏切身体验，留守的生活离他们很远。越是这样，越考验着社会的良心，一个健康的社会无法甩下那贫瘠凋敝的一大半而独自高歌猛进。

meanwhile,The problem of left-behind children,Also test is a social conscience.because,Although they huge number,But their strength weak,They were unable to change their own destiny,Can only hope to change others.Although many people aware of the seriousness of left-behind children,But the lack of personal experience,The remaining life not far from them.More such,The test of the social conscience,A healthy society can't put that poor most depressed and alone rapid development.